Inductance: ifomula. Nesilinganiso inductance. inductance loop

Ngubani na fundanga physics esikolweni? Kuba abathile, kwanika umdla noluqondakalayo, ngoxa abanye pored phezu iincwadi, ezama ukucengceleza izinto ezintsonkothileyo. Kodwa ngamnye kuthi ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba ihlabathi lusekelwe kulwazi emzimbeni. Namhlanje siye sithethe malunga iingqiqo ezifana inductance ye inductance ngokwenzekayo ngoku, uze ufumanise ukuba yintoni na ezi capacitors kwaye ke solenoid.

Le yombane kunye inductance

Inductance isebenza ukuchaza iimpawu kazibuthe kwisekethe yombane. Kuchazwa ngokuthi 'ngumlingani ka ukulingana phakathi zangoku ukuhamba umbane kwisiphaluka evaliweyo ngemagnethi. Le flow yangoku sisekelezwe kumphezulu loop. Enye inkcazelo ithi ukuba inductance kwe parameter wesiphaluka kwaye imisela EMF self-induction. Eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubonisa i element wesiphaluka babe uphawu legalelo self-induction leyo eye yavulwa kwaye D. uHenry M. Faraday ngokuzimeleyo. Le inductance enxulumene ifomu, ubungakanani kunye aya nexabiso permeability kazibuthe-bume engqongileyo. Xa units SI, eli xabiso ulinganiswa e Henry, kwaye zibonakaliswe njenge L.

Nokumeta inductance of inductance

Wabiza ixabiso inductance, leyo lulwahlulo wobhobhozayo otsalayo ayahamba zonke jiko ukuba kul yesekethe:

• L = N x F: I.

Le inductance kumphathi wesekethe kuxhomekeke kwi imilo, ubukhulu kunye aya lepropati kazibuthe eliphakathi apho emi kuyo. Ukuba olu khetho lukhangelwe ivaliwe enabela zombane lwangoku, kukho ukutshintsha zibuthe. kamva Oku kukhokelela ukuvela le EMF. Ukuzalwa ngoku wayenga kwi loop evaliweyo kuthiwa "self-inductance". Ngokutsho ulawulo Lenz akuthethi ukutshintsha ixabiso ngoku kwisekethe. Ukuba inductance wabonakala, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa isekethe yombane, apho kukho resistor ifakiwe ngaxeshanye kunye coil kunye engundoqo yentsimbi. Ngokungatshintshiyo kuzo adityaniswe nezibane zombane. Kulo mzekelo, kweelana le resistor lilingana DC coil. Umphumo iya kuba izibane ezivuthayo eliqaqambileyo. Le mba we self-yoqheliso yenye yeendawo eziphambili elektroniki kunye nobunjineli yombane.

Indlela yokufumana inductance

Ifomula, nto leyo nje ukufumana ixabiso, oku kulandelayo:

• L = F: I,

apho F - ukubhobhoza magnetic, mna - ezikhoyo kwisekethe.

Esebenzisa inductor lungabonakaliswa njengoko EMF self-wayenga:

• Ei = -L x di: dt.

Ukususela kwisigqibo ifomyula ukulingana induction amandla electromotive wokwamanani okwenzeka yomtya xa amandla yangoku ammeter enye ngomzuzwana omnye.

Le inductance variable yenza kube lula ukufumana amandla lo mhlaba otsalayo:

• W = li ^2: 2.

"Spool wemisonto"

Le inductor i igqunyiwe ucingo lobhedu isilonda isiseko esiqinileyo. Njengoko usambathisa, ngoko ukhetho izinto ubanzi - eli isikhonkwane kunye ucingo ubushushu, nelaphu. Ubukhulu wobhobhozayo otsalayo kuxhomekeke lombhobho square. Ukuba ukwandisa zangoku kwi coil, lo mhlaba otsalayo uya kuba ngakumbi vice versa.

Ukuba usebenzisa i yangoku yombane ukuya coil, ngoko kukho kuvela ombane ombane malunga, kodwa ngesiquphe iphele. Olu hlobo uxinezeleko kuthiwa amandla electromotive of self-induction. Ngexesha energization ukuya amandla coil yangoku itshintsha ixabiso layo 0 ukuya kwinani elithile. Le ombane kule ngongoma abe utshintsho ixabiso ngokomthetho Ohm esithi:

• I = U: R,

apho luphawu kul, U - ibonisa ombane, R - kweelana Ikhoyili.

Enye inkalo ekhethekileyo Ikhoyili kukuba zilandelayo: Ukuba uvula yesekethe "coil - umthombo ngoku," i-EMF iza kudityaniswa ntshikilelo. Ngoku nayo ekuqaleni ukukhula, yaye emva koko aqalise ukwehla. Ngenxa yoko umthetho wokuqala commutation, ocacisa ukuba ngoku kwi inductor akatshintshi washona.

Coil lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe iintlobo ezimbini:

1. Nge tip ngemagnethi. ferrites kunye nezenzo zentsimbi nje izinto intliziyo. Le umphakathi bakhonza ukwandisa inductance.
2. Ngenxa non-magnetic. Isetyenziswa kwiimeko apho inductance elingekho ngaphezu emihlanu MH.

Zizixhobo bahluka imbonakalo kunye nesakhiwo lwangaphakathi. Kuxhomekeka ezinjalo parameters ke inductance coil. Ifomula kwimeko nganye eyahlukileyo. Hi xikombiso, le inductance iya kulingana jiko omnye-inwebu:

• L = 10μ0ΠN ² R ^2: 9R + 10l.

Ke ngoku ngenxa multilayer enye ifomula:

• L = μ0N ² R ^2: 2Π (6R + 9l + 10w).

ezifunyanisiweyo eziphambili ezinxulumene jiko umsebenzi:

1. On a ferrite zezindlu inkulu inductance kwenzeka embindini.
2. Kuba inductance eliphezulu kufuneka ngokusondeleyo nxeba engathi kwi spool.
3. Le inductance le ezincinci, inani elincinci amagophe.
4. Umgama ongundoqo toroidal phakathi amathuba ze Ikhoyili Akukhathaliseki.
5. Ixabiso inductance ixhomekeke "amathuba ophindwe."
6. Ukuba inductor lidibane series, ixabiso lawo elipheleleyo kudityaniswe inductances.
7. Xa uqhagamshele ngaxeshanye, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba inductance zaye bebekwe ngokwahlukeneyo omnye ebhodini. Kungenjalo, ubungqina babo ziya kuba ezingachanekanga ngenxa impembelelo efanayo kwamasimi ngemagnethi.

solenoid

Phantsi le ngcamango libhekisela coil zezindlu of wire ezinokuthi nenxeba maleko omnye okanye ngaphezulu. ubude cylinder kakhulu mkhulu ubukhulu. Ngenxa ezinjalo iimpawu xa ombane em- solenoid wazalwa zibuthe. Izinga sokutshintshwa kisekiyo ngemagnethi obhobhozayo kwinguqu yangoku. Le inductance kwe Ikhoyili kule meko ibalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• DF: dt = L DL: dt.

Lo hlobo jiko ekuthiwa actuator electromechanical kunye engundoqo Cyber. Kulo mzekelo, i solenoid inikezelwa yangaphandle ferromagnetic engundoqo magnetic - idyokhwe.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, lesixhobo oludibanisa hydraulics kunye neeletroniki ezithengiswayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, izikhokelo ezine:

• I wokuqala uyakwazi ukulawula uxinzelelo umgca.
• Umfuziselo yesibini yahlukile kwezinye clutch esungulayo ngenkani lock-up kwi torque Converter.
• Umfuziselo wesithathu kumafa yayo iqulethe nabalawuli uxinzelelo linoxanduva shift yomsebenzi.
• Le yesine ilawulwa hydraulically mbobo.

Le fomyula yokubala ayimfuneko

Ukuze ufumane inductance ye-coil, ifomula kusetyenziswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• L = μ0n ² V,

apho μ0 ibonisa permeability kazibuthe emoyeni, n - linani amathuba, V - ivolyum solenoid.

Kwakhona ukubala inductance coil kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunye uncedo lomnye ifomula:

• L = μ0N ² S: l,

apho S - ke cross-somhlathi indawo kunye l - ubude solenoid.

Ukuze ufumane inductance ye-coil, kusetyenziswa indlela, naliphi na oko kumlungele na isisombululo kule ngxaki.

Sebenza kwi AC and DC

Lo mhlaba otsalayo into eyenziwe ngaphakathi coil, uyalele ecaleni ezimanyeneyo ilingana:

• B = μ0nI,

apho μ0 - permeability of lwepolitiki kukuthi, n - linani amagophe, yaye mna - ixabiso yangoku.

Xa ngoku aqukuqela solenoid, oovimba coil amandla alingana umsebenzi kwafuneka ukuba kusekwe yangoku. Ukubala inductance kulo mzekelo, ifomula kusetyenziswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• E = li ^2: 2

apho L ibonisa ixabiso inductance, kunye E --eneji.

Self-kuFacebook amandla electromotive kwenzeka xa zangoku solenoid.

Kwimeko yokusebenza AC livela sibubona nokuxuba. Ulwalathiso amandla yomtsalane zisenokwahluka, kwaye kuhlala injalo. Ityala lokuqala lwenzeka xa usebenzisa solenoid njengoko solenoid. Kwaye okwesibini, xa armature yenziwe ngezinto ngemagnethi. Solenoid ifildi lwanamhlanje ukuvimba, nto leyo ifakiwe ukuxhathisa jiko kunye inductance yayo.

Usebenziso oluqhelekileyo solenoids yohlobo lokuqala (DC) - amandla translational njengoko actuator. Amandla ixhomekeke isakhiwo engundoqo kunye iqokobhe. Imizekelo ukusetyenziswa isikere, ngexesha beyiqangqulula Ukuhlola umsebenzi imali, Motors kunye neevalvu kwiinkqubo hydraulic, uvalela tabs. Solenoids yohlobo yesibini zisetyenziswa inductors ukuba induction ukufudumeza kwi emlilweni ngokuyinyibilikisa.

iziphaluka oscillatory

Umsebenzi olula kumphathi wesekethe resonant i isekethe lezibuko jinga, eliquka jiko inductor zifakiwe kwaye capacitor apho i alternating enabela yangoku. Ukuze ubone inductance ye-coil, ifomula kusetyenziswe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• XL = W x L,

kuyo XL ubonisa reactance coil, kunye W - setyhula rhoqo.

Ukuba usebenzisa i izidubuli ukuvimba le capacitor, ngoko ifomula kungaba ngolu hlobo:

Xc = 1: W x C.

iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kumphathi wesekethe oscillation ke amaza resonant, ukuvimba uphawu kunye Q yaloo mmandla. Eyokuqala ephawula amaza apho ukuxhathisa loop esebenzayo. Eyesibini ibonisa indlela reactance nezihlandlo resonant phakathi amaxabiso ezifana capacitance kunye inductance kumphathi wesekethe jinga apha. Uphawu lwesithathu limisela awo kunye nobubanzi iimpawu awo-njalo (impendulo frequency) ye livakale kwaye ibonisa nemilinganiselo agcinwe amandla kwisekethe kuthelekiswa Ilahleko ye-eneji ixesha oscillation nganye. Iipropati amaza iisekethe zobugcisa kulinganiswa usebenzisa impendulo rhoqo. Kulo mzekelo, isiphaluka ithathwa njenge quadripole. Xa ixabiso umfanekiso iigrafu ombane loop inzuzo (K). Eli xabiso kubonisa umlinganiselo ombane imveliso igalelo. Kuba kwiisekethe ukuba musa kuquka imithombo yamandla kunye elementi unyanzeliso ezahlukeneyo, ixabiso lomlingani mkhulu umanyano. Ityekele kiswano xa ezitsho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka wesekethe livakale unalo ixabiso eliphezulu ukuxhathisa. Ukuba ixabiso ukumelana ubuncinane, 'ngumlingani lisondele kumanyano.

Kwisiphaluka parallel resonant kuquka ilungu ezimbini jet kunye reactivity ngamandla ezahlukeneyo. Ukusetyenziswa kolu hlobo beesekethe ithetha ukwazi ukuba izinto beesekethe parallel kuyimfuneko ukongeza conductivity zabo kuphela, kodwa hayi uxhathiso. Xa amaza resonant le conductivity iyonke le sekethe ilingana zero, ebonisa ukuba uxhathiso AC ngamabona enkulu. Ukuze kwisiphaluka equka capacitance okunxuseneyo (C), ukumelana (R) kunye inductance, ifomula olumanyanisa bona kunye factor umgangatho (Q), ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Q = R√C: L.

Ukusebenza, wesiphaluka parallel kwelinye ixesha oscillation kwenzeka kabini amandla exchange phakathi ekondensa kunye coil. Kulo mzekelo, i yangoku loop, nto leyo iphezulu kakhulu ixabiso kwisekethe ngaphandle.

umsebenzi capacitor

Le fowuni i ipali-ezimbini conductivity elisezantsi kunye ezinexabiso capacitance bume okanye rhoqo. Xa capacitor singabalelwa, ukuqina kwayo asondele zero, kungenjalo ilingana yokungapheli. Ukuba umthombo igunya luqhawulwe ukusuka element, kuba loo mthombo ukuya ekubhobhozeni kwayo. Ukusebenzisa capacitor kwi elektroniki indima okucoca ukususa ingxolo. Ifowuni izinto ngamandla ngokuba kwiisekethe amandla asetyenziswa ukondla iinkqubo imithwalo emikhulu. Oku zisekelwe ekukwazini i element ukuba bapase icandelo variable, kodwa ezingazinzanga yangoku. Uphakamile icandelo kwamaza, incinci kweelana le capacitor. Ngenxa yoko, le ekondensa ngqi yonke loo ntswahla uyaqhubeka phezu DC.

Resistance isiqalelo kuxhomekeke capacitance. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kububulumko ukubeka capacitors inomthamo ezahlukeneyo ukukhetha up zonke iintlobo ingxolo. Ngenxa ekukwazini ifowuni ukuba kudlule ngoku ngqo kuphela ngexesha ezibiza ixesha lokusetyenziswa kwayo njengento ethile wenkunkuma okanye njengeyunithi ukubetha ukulungisa.

Capacitors kuza kwiintlobo ezininzi. Esisetyenziselwa Ukuhlelwa uhlobo Heating, ekubeni le parameter imisela Ukuzinza capacitance, elana njalo njalo. Systematization yale ubukhulu imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Capacitors nge Heating sukube.
2. Cleaner.
3. Kunye Heating engamanzi.
4. Ekubeni Heating eqinileyo ezingaphiliyo.
5. Nge organic Heating esiqinileyo.
6. Solid.
7. Electrolytic.

Kukho capacitors yokuhlela kwindawo (ekwabelwana okanye ezingcwele), uhlobo zokuzikhusela iimeko zangaphandle (akhuselwe kwaye ungakhuselekanga, ekwanti kunye non-bodwa, apakishwe, ndayitywina) ufakelo ubuchule (coupler, ushicilelo, umphezulu, kunye jija isikhonkwane, iphini snap ). lesixhobo kwakhona azakubalulwa ukukwazi ukutshintsha amandla:

1. Capacitors, esisigxina, oko kukuthi, izakhono apho kusoloko rhoqo.
2. Trimmer. Banalo ulwazi ayitshintshi ngexesha nokusebenza kwezixhobo, kodwa zilungiswe ngayo kanye okanye ngamaxesha athile.
3. Nesebenzayo. It capacitors evumela kwi ukusebenza kwezixhobo ukutshintsha umthamo wayo.

Inductor kunye capacitor

elements Conductive le divayisi ezinako ukudala inductance yayo. Oku iindawo zezakhiwo ezifana wamatye, ibhasi kokuxhuma, a iitheminali nomqokeleli kunye iifyuzi. Unako ukudala inductance capacitor ezongezelelweyo ngokudibanisa ngebhasi. imo yokusebenza yesekethe kuxhomekeke inductance, capacitance kunye ukuxhathisa. Ifomula yokubala inductance ukuba kwenzeka xa besondela amaza resonant, oku kulandelayo:

• Ce = C: (1 - 4Π ² f ² LC),

apho Ce imisela capacitance olusebenzayo, C ibonisa nelona capacitance, f - ke amaza, L - inductance.

Ixabiso inductance malisoloko liqatshelwe xa besebenza kunye capacitors ngamandla. Kuba ukubetha capacitors ixabiso self-inductance yezinto ezibalulekileyo. obhobhozayo sazo yomtya yoqheliso kwaye iindidi ezimbini - aperiodic kunye oscillatory.

Inductance kwi ekondensa kuxhomekeke kwimiba iikhompawundi circuit kuyo. Umzekelo, kumacandelo uqhagamshelwano ngaxeshanye kunye ivili, eli xabiso lo udibaniso inductances yempahla busbar engundoqo kunye nezigqibo. Ukuze ufumane olu hlobo inductance, ifomula imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Luka = LP + LM + LB,

apho Luka ubonisa isixhobo inductance, i-LP -Package, LM - ibhasi eziphambili kunye LB - inductance lead.

Xa uxhulumaniso engumzekelo ibhasi yangoku kuyahlukahlukana ecaleni ubude bayo, ngoko ke inductance zibhedlela ichazwa njenge:

• Luka = lc: n + μ0 l x d: (3b) + LB,

apho l - ubude amavili, b - ububanzi kunye d - umgama phakathi kwe amavili.

Ukunciphisa inductance le fowuni kufuneka aphile iinxalenye ekondensa ibekwe ukuze ndivuseleleke babuyekezwe intsimi yabo ngemagnethi. Ngamanye amazwi, iinxalenye ubomi kunye isindululo efanayo yangoku kufuneka isuswe omnye komnye kangangoko kunokwenzeka, yaye ukuba kunye nelakhe. Xa edibanisa abaqokeleli kunye nokunciphisa ubukhulu Heating nga ukunciphisa icandelo inductance. Oku kuphunyezwa nkqu ngokwahlula icandelo elinye isixa esikhulu ukuba isikhongozeli elifuna nzulu ngakumbi.