Princess Anne Leopoldovna: ibhayografi emfutshane nobukumkani

Okumiselwe kulo mfazi ezibuhlungu kakhulu. Umzukulu ka i Russian Tsar Ivan V, Anna Leopoldovna nje umzuzwana emfutshane yaba umlawuli karhulumente mkhulu ehlabathini - Russia. Yena wafa xa wayeneminyaka emashumi mabini anesixhenxe kuphela, yokugqibela azibonileyo amehlo akhe - le window emxinwa kancinci kwenye indlu, eyaba entolongweni ngenxa yayo, kwaye ibonakale ima emva kwamafu ingakhulula isibhakabhaka iyingozi emantla. Oku kwaba ngenxa yokuba kombuso ibhotwe, nto leyo intombi wenyuka itrone Peter I - Elizaveta Petrovna.

I young heiress John V

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale sithetha ngubani Anna Leopoldovna kwimbali Russian, kufuneka icaciswe ikho into ngokunxulumene indlu Romanovs. Kubonakala ukuba kakhulu ngqo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ukususela 1682 ukuya 1696 ngexesha itrone Russian wahlala nokumkani nje ezimbini - Peter I nomntakwabo uYohane V, ngubani wayeneentombi ezintlanu: Mary, Theodosia, Catherine, Praskovya kunye Anna. Le yokugqibela iya kuba 1730, uKumkanikazi yena iminyaka elishumi ngukumkani. Omnye umfazi, intombi ka uYohane V, Catherine, unina Heroine webali wethu - umlawuli elizayo, Regent Anne Leopoldovna, nto leyo wenjenje ummeli ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo leNdlu olawulayo ka Romanov. Ngenxa yoko, unyana wakhe uIvan ukuba onke amalungelo etroneni.

Wazalwa Anna Leopoldovna ngoDisemba 18, 1718 kwidolophu encinane waseJamani of Rostock. uyise uKarl Leopold INkosana Mecklenburg-Schwerin, kunye nomama wakhe, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, umbusi Russian uYohane intombi le V kaThixo, Princess n Ivanovna. Xa umlawuli wangomso Russia xa wayeneminyaka emine ubudala, yaye apha wavuma Orthodox. Umama wakhe nomtshana wam oyintanda ngubani walawula iminyaka uKumkanikazi uAnny Ioannovny, kwaye uyaluthatha unonophelo ndikhuliswe yakhe, wabele yona kwenye amanani ubalaseleyo Academy of Sciences - Kondraty Ivanovich Genningeru. Ukususela 1731, waqala izifundo zakhe, kodwa ke ubukho kangangeminyaka emine nje kuphela, njengoko th-1735 kwakukho ibali yothando ukuba yaphela umsebenzi wakhe.

Intombi ka-nobusuku onyanzelwayo umtshato

Xa likomkhulu lobukhosi entsha kwafika Saxon umthunywa - Bala Moritz Carl Linar. Le enkulu yaseYurophu yinzwana, ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka emashumi mabini anantathu, kwaye umfana Princess Anne Leopoldovna wamthanda ngaphandle kwinkumbulo. umthantamisi wakhe Kondraty Ivanovich waba azi kunye negalelo ngamandla kuphuhliso kwinoveli. Kungekudala kukho amarhe malunga nomtshato kunokwenzeka. Kodwa ke ingxaki kukuba Anna wayesele umyeni ezisemthethweni - Duke Anton Ulrich, awakhetha kuba, sikhokelwa ngokomdla woluntu, uKumkanikazi. Ukufunda malunga self-ngokuthanda kadadewethu oselula, nguzwilakhe Russian waqumba, wathumela isithunywa-olukuhlayo ngaphandle Russia, kunye nesandla of ngamayelenqe - Kondrati Ivanovich - lisuswe na e-ofisini. Noko ke, ndaba ayikho phezu okwangoku, kodwa incoko iyaqhubeka.

kwiminyaka emine emva kokuba iziganeko ezichazwe zenzeka umtshato uAnny Leopoldovny kunye akathandwa njalo nesoka lakhe - Antonom Ulrihom, iNkosana Brunswick-Lüneburg. Imibhiyozo azinikele kwesi siganeko, ayesahluka nengxolo engaqhelekanga, yaye kwibala indibano enkulu yabantu. Ngexesha elithi ekwahlukaneni womtshato wathi uBhishophu Ambrose (Yushkevich) - umntu limiselwe ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi yonqulo nezopolitiko lizwe ngexesha lolawulo Elizabeth. Emva konyaka, esi sibini wazala unyana ngelo Ivan ebizwa ubhaptizo.

Isiphelo wolawulo uAnny Ioannovny

Kwaba-1740. Kwimbali Russian, uye wafumana inani lemisitho ebalulekileyo, eyona ibaluleke ngakumbi kuzo ukufa uKumkanikazi uAnny Ioannovny, owabakhoyo 17 (28) ka-Oktobha. Xa ukuthanda kwakhe, yaxela yindlalifa ukuya etroneni, unyana usana uAnny Leopoldovny - Ivan, a ibamba ukuba amisele Ernsta yakhe ayithandayo Ioganna Biron. Akuba eneminyaka efanelekileyo indlalifa mfana waba kuba tsars Russian John VI.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, njengokuba intombi Tsar Ivan the V, owafa uKumkanikazi nangokuzinikela wamthiya umzalwana wakhe, uPeter mna yonke imikhosi kuchasiwe, kuba umntu oonyana bakhe phezu kwetrone. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, xa ukuthanda kwakhe yathi xa kuthe kwasweleka yindlalifa itayitile ekunene ukuya elukakayini eyipasile umntwana olandelayo-zindala nomtshana wakhe favorite - Anna Leopoldovna. Malunga abaviwa isithuba ibamba loMlawuli minor wayengenalo kwamathandabuzo. Bona babe bakhe owuthandayo elide - Biron.

Kodwa isiphelo ange wagqiba ngenye indlela. Ngokoqobo ukususela kwimihla wokuqala wobukumkani bakhe wajamelana nenkcaso intamo, ngokwamaqela ngeenxa kubazali yindlalifa engephi. Kwakukho iyelenqe ukuwisa ingathandwa ukuba abantu abasebenza okwethutyana. Xa intloko abaqhekezi kwakukho indoda uAnny Leopoldovny - Anton Ulrich. Noko ke, abo babemenzele iyelenqe baba ezimbi, yaye kungekudala iinjongo zabo kwazeka kuwo-Ofisi intloko A. imfihlelo I. Ushakovu. Le inkosi umsiki wayeyindoda sagacious ngokwaneleyo sibona ke ngenxa engaphambili ukuba kunokwenzeka ubhedu d'AFP, ukuba umda kukuba ngokusesikweni kuphela "amngxolise" nabavukeli.

umsebenzi okwethutyana bagxothwa

Noko ke, ulawulo Biron yakhe lalingayi. Ngobusuku ka November 9, 1740 kwigumbi lokulala, apho waphumla ngoxolo Umongameli kunye nomfazi wakhe, ucango wavula bulula. Wadibana neqela lamajoni, ikhokelwa ngu Field Marshal Hristoforom Minihom, utshaba efungelweyo ka Biron kunye nomxhasi Anna Leopoldovna. Owayesakuba ozithandayo-onamandla onke, ekubeni ibandakanyiwe, ndaqonda ukuba le yeyona isiphelo, yaye ekubeni unkwantyo, sicaca phantsi kwebhedi, ekubeni qiniseka ukuba wayeza kubulawa. Noko ke, yena engalunganga. Bukhosi babeka sleigh ize isiwe uBrigadier.

Kungekudala emva yinkundla apho Biron otyholwa mthetho ezahlukeneyo. Kakade ke, uninzi lwabo sele yasungulwa. Imiphumo iyahambelana ngokupheleleyo ngomoya ixesha - quartering. Noko ke, xa umntu elihlwempu, ndafa ke, akuva ukuba wabhengeza ukuba amxolele, kwaye isohlwayo endaweni kubhekiswa Pelym ibekwe amawaka amathathu eemayile ukusuka St Petersburg. Kodwa ebukumkanini uKumkanikazi Elizabeth Somlomo dear wasiwa kuye Yaroslavl, yaye ekugqibeleni abangele Biron Peter III kwikomkhulu, wambuyisela zonke iimbasa kunye nomfuziselo. Kwiminyaka embalwa, uCatherine II wayibuyisela Regent owayesakuba amalungelo kwi kubo kwakuba Duchy of Courland.

Ukuza amandla kunye ukuvela oyithandayo eziyingozi

Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi yethutyana wothiyiweyo ndagxothwa komkhulu, kwaye ibhodi karhulumente yathatyathwa ngumama umthetheli isithsaba lowo. Umongameli Ana Leopoldovna. Romanovs ukuqhuba uhlobo ukumkani uYohane umgca V le, wabonakala okwethutyana encotsheni karhulumente ka-Russia. Ekuqaleni olandelayo 1741 ebomini ibhinqa eliselula yaba sisiganeko avuye; e Petersburg abasandula kuqeshwa umthunywa Saxon Carl Linar - waba ixesha layo ubudala kwaye hayi ukuba uphole uthando. Ngoko nangoko esamkelwa Anna Leopoldovna, ngoko nangoko waba azithandayo.

Njengoko umlawuli nditshatile, ngoko ulwalamano lwakhe bafanele kufuneka luhambelane nemigangatho ethile. Linar wahlala endlwini kufuphi Summer Garden, apho ngelo xesha owayehlala Summer Palace, uAnna. Ukuqinisekisa izizathu ezaneleyo ubukho bakhe komkhulu, waza wamisela lover oberkamergerom yakhe. Kungekudala inceba liphezulu isasazeka kangangokuba yintandane yawongwa odolo Russian top ezimbini - Andreya Pervozvannogo kunye Aleksandra Nevskogo. Kuba abasamkelayo ngokwemeko yazo, inkundla babenokuqikelela kuphela.

Noko ke, Anna Leopoldovna wavumela nesithandwa sakhe ukuba ungenelele kwimicimbi karhulumente kakhulu yaye akazange ukuthatha naziphi na izigqibo ngaphandle kokubonisana naye. Xa connivance yakhe Linar waba osemqoka ekulweni iqela enkundleni, belangazelela ukubandakanya eRussia kwiMfazwe yase-Intestate Austria. Kuloo minyaka, aliqela kumazwe aseYurophu ezama, evakalisa Umgqakhwe ukuthanda Austria uCharles VI, ulidle ilifa impahla yendlu Habsburg eYurophu. Le ukuziphatha kwe Saxon umthunywa yabangela ukunganeliseki phakathi kwamagosa aphezulu, Owaloyikayo ukuvela ubuso esitsha Biron wakhe.

Yokwahlukana Linar

Ukuze isebenzisa ngandlel engaqondakaliyo bond impikiswano turnover, Anna Leopoldovna (uKumkanikazi, emva kokuba yonke) kwafuneka ukuba aye iqhinga, leyo, Noko ke, akukho namnye unako ingalahlekisi. Umzekelo, ukuba ihlobo ka-1741 iihupu Linara wakhe egumbini-umkhonzazana udumo kunye umhlobo abakhulu Baroness Juliana Mengden. Kodwa ke, ukuba umyeni, yena, ke, ababa ngokusesikweni ukungena inkonzo Russian, njengezifundo wahlala Saxony. Ukuze ufumane imvume kuyimfuneko, ngoNovemba waloo nyaka Linar waya Dresden.

Ngaphambi kokuba bahambe, lowo uyindoda yombono, Anna Leopoldovna walumkisa iinzame kunokwenzeka ukuba zifake amandla abaxhasi intombi Peter I ka-Elizabeth. Noko ke, wayeza kubuya msinyane kwaye uthathe yonke into phantsi kolawulo. Xa ukuhlukana babengazi ukuba esithi ndlela-ntle ngonaphakade. Xa akuba ebuyile, ebamkele imvume esifunwayo kwi urhulumente Saxony, Linar ngoNovemba waloo nyaka, wabuyela eSt Petersburg, ngoko e Königsberg ukuba balinde iindaba ukubanjwa uAnny Leopoldovny kunye Ukuvuma itrone Elizabeth. uloyiko sakhe esibi kuzaliseka ...

Ntombi uPetros intloko Yabalindi

Ubhedu d'kombuso kwenzeka ngobusuku November 25 (Disemba 6) ngo-1741. Ngelo xesha, amandla amakhulu yasekwa yi uPetros labaLindi Omkhulu. Nmb etroneni yakho kwaye ukususa kuye, yena sele waziva amandla ayo ngoFebruwari 1725. Ngoko bayonets yayo wangumlawuli, umhlolokazi Peter I - Catherine I. Kwaye ngoku, esebenzisa ukuba Anna Leopoldovna, nto leyo eyakwenza ukunganeliseki ngokubanzi ulawulo, uwajongele phantsi amandla Yabalindi, uElizabhete wakwazi ukutsala kwicala yayo ise eSt Petersburg Preobrazhensky butho.

Ngobo busuku kuba umlawuli Russian ubuhle eneminyaka engama-31 ubudala Elizaveta Petrovna, ephelekwa grenadiers ezimakhulu mathathu anesibhozo Wabonakala Winter Palace. Ngaphandle yokuhlangana ukumelana naphi na, bafika lokulala, apho waphumla ngoxolo Anna Leopoldovna kunye nomyeni wakhe. Umongameli Ndoyika kwenziwa isaziso malunga wokuthabatha ulawulo kunye nokubanjwa. Amangqina oku kwenzeka kamva ukuba Elizabeth wathatha izandla egumbini enye ndavuswa uyindlalifa yengxolo kunyaka--ubudala yequbuliso ukuya etroneni, usebeze unkabi: ". Lo mntwana lilishwa" Wayesazi Uthi.

Way of the Cross izolo irula

Ngenxa yoko, intsapho Brunswick ubanjiwe, kuquka Anna Leopoldovna. UKumkanikazi Elizabeth wayengengomntu ngenkohlakalo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba apha ekuqaleni waba ukuya ukuthumela amabanjwa zabo eYurophu kunye limited - kunjalo, ubuncinane, kwathiwa kwi kupapasho-, leyo yena wathi yena uKumkanikazi. queen irhoxisiwe Anna Leopoldovna kunye nosapho ithunyelwe okwethutyana Riga Castle, apho wachitha unyaka zokulindela inkululeko tshembisiweke. Kodwa ngequbuliso izicwangciso ezintsha iindwendwe Winter Palace yatshintsha. Isibakala sokuba St. Petersburg yafunyanwa iyelenqe, injongo yayo abhukuqe Elizabeth kunye nokukhululwa indlalifa esemthethweni Ivan Antonovich.

Kuye kwacaca ukuba intsapho Brunswick iya kuqhubeka umkhosi bonke iyelenqe kunokwenzeka, ngaloo ndlela kokubuza ingozi ethile. Isiphelo UAnny Leopoldovny ukuba isonjululwe. Ngowe-1742, amabanjwa zadluliselwa Dünamünde enqabeni (kufuphi Riga), yaye kwiminyaka emibini kamva e Renenburgskuyu inqaba, leyo kwiphondo Ryazan. Kodwa apha ke zange ahlale ixesha elide. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva ephezulu umthetho kubakhokelela Arkhangelsk ngenxa yokuvalelwa ngakumbi woonongendi Solovetsky. Kulo udaka ekwindla, kuloo mvula yayigalela, Anna Leopoldovna kunye nosapho lwakhe zabangento bathunyelwa ukuya emntla.

Kodwa ngaloo nyaka kuneqabaka kwangethuba kwaye ice nakummango ngaphandle naziphi yokuwela ku Solovki. Amabanjwa ayehlala Kholmogory, endlwini ubhishophu wasekuhlaleni, yaye vigilantly kulondolozwe, ukuphelisa naziphi lonxibelelwano nehlabathi ngaphandle. Apha nje ngonaphakade kunye nonyana wakhe yindlalifa. Ivan Antonovich lineminyaka kubo yaye zibekwe enye inxalenye yesakhiwo, yaye kamva abazali zange ngaye nawuphi na ndaba. Kuba kuyimfihlo enkulu minor ex-uMlawuli wayalelwa ukuba abize igama wobuxoki Gregory.

Ukufa kunyuswe honours

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, intlungu kuhlukunyezwa, kubukela kwimpilo kwabasetyhini abasebatsha. Owayesakuba Umongameli kunye umphathi Russia ngamandla onke, wafa entolongweni 8 (19) ngoMatshi 1746. Unobangela esemthethweni yokufa kwathiwa fever puerperal, okanye njengoko batshovo ngemihla yamandulo, "ognevitsa". Ngoxa akakabanjwa, kodwa razluchonnaya kunye nomyeni wakhe, uAnna wazala kane ngaphezulu abantwana, iinkcukacha, endingamwiselanga basinda.

Kodwa ke, eli bali uAnny Leopoldovny yaphela na. umzimba wakhe ukuya eyinkunzi kunye komthendeleko omkhulu wafihlwa necropolis ka-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Yomngcwabo zabanjwa ngokungqinelana nemithetho ebekwe yimithetho yokungcwabela abantu abawela endlwini olawulayo. Ukususela ngoko, uluhlu esemthethweni ithi Kubaphathi Russian ngokuyimfuneko ekhankanywe kunye Anna Leopoldovna. Romanov usoloko unomona ukunqulwa ukukhunjulwa amalungu entsapho yakhe, kwanabo kungenxa kabani ukufa ngokwabo inxaxheba.

"Iron Vuvu" Imbali Russian

Eyona ngephanyazo bayahlelwa Ivan - yindlalifa etroneni, leyo wazala Anna Leopoldovna. Bio iye yaphuhliswa ngendlela yokuba mbali kunikezele bayibiza enye Russian "Iron imaski". Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ekuthatheni amandla ngu Elizabeth uthathe onke amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba igama yindlalifa kwetrone yamsusa ukuba ulibele. Nkohlakalo zokubolekisa ezinkozo kunye nomfanekiso wakhe, wabatshabalalisa amaxwebhu ezithetha igama lakhe, naphantsi isohlwayo esiqatha kwapheliswa naziphi nkumbulo ngaye.

Elizaveta Petrovna, abamba amandla kombuso komkhulu, Owaloyikayo nethuba lokuba lixhoba sebali elandelayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ngo-1756 waza wayalelwa ukuba ahlangule ibanjwa kunyaka-elinesihlanu Schlisselburg nqaba kwaye ziqulathe ingozi evalelwe yedwa. Kukho umfana anqunyulwe nokuba igama labo elitsha Gregory ekubhekiselelwe nje "umbanjwa ezaziwayo-kakuhle." Ngqo esalelweyo qhagamshelana zawo ezingqongileyo. Lo mqathango waphawula ukuze ngokungqongqo ukuba yonke iminyaka ndivalelwe entolongweni zange wambona ubuso babantu. Ayimangalisi into yokuba ngaphezu kwexesha wababonisa iimpawu zokugula ngengqondo.

Top ukutyelela elibanjwa kunye nokufa phambi kwexesha

Xa kutshintshwa Elizabeth weza ukumkanikazi entsha, uCatherine II, yaye bababamba amandla kunye nenkxaso Yabalindi, analo ukwenza ulawulo lwakhe semthethweni, wacinga malunga nokwenzeka umtshato ngubani waba Wozisibekekisa indlalifa ambonise Ivan. Ukuze le njongo yena, watyelela kuye Shlisselburgsky emhadini. Noko ke, bakubona oko degree imandundu ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni sele ifikelele iminyaka ndivalelwe ndedwa, Ivan, waqonda ukuba umtshato kunye naye, kuba akukho mbuzo. Hi ndlela leyi, uKumkanikazi wathi ongumbanjwa uyazi imvelaphi yakhe yobukumkani, ukuba ukufunda kwaye ndinqwenela ukuphelisa ubomi bakhe eMonastri.

Ulawulo uCatherine II yaba kude tye, yaye ngoxa inqaba Ivan amalinge amaninzi ukuya uMbuso ngenjongo yokukhulisa kwi etroneni. Ukubavimba, uKumkanikazi wayalela ukuba kubulawe nangoko kwabakhonkxiweyo, ukuba kukho isoyikiso sokwenene yokukhululwa kwakhe. Kwaye 1764, le meko iye yaphuhliswa. Enye iyelenqe yavela kwi phakathi ekampini enqabeni Shlisselburg. Kuye elikhokelwa uLieutenant V. Ya Mirovich. Noko ke, ukhuseleko yangaphakathi casemates lizaliseke umsebenzi wayo: Ivan Antonovich wahlatywa nabo bayonets. Ukufa waphazanyiswa ubomi bakhe elifutshane ezibuhlungu-5 (16) ngoJulayi 1764.

Yaphela kanjalo ubomi yezi inzala leNdlu olawulayo of Romanov - uyindlalifa esivakalayo etroneni John VI kunye nomama wakhe Anna Leopoldovna, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane wakhonza umxholo incoko yethu. Nakanye bonke abalawuli eRashiya awamiselwa ukufa ukufa yendalo. ngamanye amaxesha oyingqwangangqwili, umzabalazo amandla ingakhangelwa obuthelwe ntlekele ezifana lowo apho kukhunjulwa ngayo ngoku. Ebudeni bolawulo Anna Leopoldovna wangena imbali Russia njengenxalenye kwexesha, obizwa ngokuba "Age weenceke."