Fedor Alekseevich Romanov. Ngexesha lokulawula

Alexis yaba "kwakuzolile" awuzali - kwimitshato ezimbini waba nabantwana 16. Izibakala umdla ziquka into yokuba akukho namnye iintombi ezisithoba wayengatshatanga, kunye namakhwenkwe ababezalelwe umtshato wokuqala Miloslavskaya, baba buhlungu kakhulu. Kuphela omnye kubo, uIvan i-V, likhwankqisiwe yiyo zonke izifo (ukusuka nangokhwekhwe ekukhubazekeni), eyathatha ukuya kwiminyaka-27. Yena waba nguyise amantombazana amahlanu, omnye lowo - Anna - eRussia kangangeminyaka eli-10.

Umntu othile ewela

umdala Native umzalwana Ivan, uTheodore A., waphila ukuya kwiminyaka ngokupheleleyo-20, apho yena ukumkani emi-6 - ukususela 1676 ukuya 1682. umtshato wakhe wokuqala wazalelwa unyana, kulya, owafa kunye unina ngoko nangoko emva kokuzalwa. Iindlalifa wahlala, ngoko ilifa itrone abazalwana bakhe abaselula - Ivan nonina nguyise wakhe uPetros, unina ogama Naryshkin. Waba umlawuli omkhulu Russia.

Young kodwa uzimisele ukumkani

Theodore A. ngokwakhe lucelomngeni unyana omdala itrone wafa wabalandela abakhuluwa bakhe ababini abadala - nguDmitry (ebuntwaneni) kunye uAlex (iminyaka eli-16 ubudala).

Indlalifa inkosi uyise bavakalisa kuye 1675, yaye emva konyaka waba ngukumkani. Fedor Alekseevich yaba isihloko elide kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba iRashiya ungekabikho bengatshatanga, yaye adweliswe zonke oozilawuli khanates phantsi kolawulo lwayo.

Ukumkani esengumntwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akubanga kwabo bafuna ukungena abaqeqeshi Ayi. Noko ke, abaninzi baye bagqiba i "ngokuzithandela" hayi ireferensi. Lwabazali, iziLawuli zoMzali Naryshkin wathunyelwa kumila kumbi noPetros. Mhlawumbi yona? Ngapha koko, uBomi Guards webutho Preobrazhensky zivela kwezo ziganeko. Phakathi ka 1676 ngo ikhonkco athunyelwe A. S. Matveev, isizalwana kayise, i Russian "Westerner" yokuqala, inamandla ngaphambili phantse mda kweli lizwe.

italente Natural nomfundisi enkulu

Theodore A. wayengumntu yoyilo - wabhala imibongo, izixhobo zomculo eziphantsi kwaye sacula kahle, eyazi ubugcisa. Ngokutsho ayephila, xa waphazamiseka wayivusa wayefunda imemori uOvid. Asingawo onke kwiikumkani, wafa, bakhumbula yakudala. Ubuntu Kucacile obalaseleyo.

Fedor nethamsanqa kunye notitshala. BakaSimon of Polotsk, Belarussian-wazalwa umbhali wezakwalizwi, enkulu nani yoluntu ka-Russia, abathatha inxaxheba kuqeqesho lwakhe. Ukuba umcebisi abantwana yobukumkani, engazange azishiye yena umsebenzi karhulumente kunye noncwadi - waseka indlu yoshicilelo e Moscow, wavula isikolo, wabhala umbongo kunye imidlalo ezinde kunye nemibongo. Theodore A. phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe ize iguqulelwe yiRhymed ezinye iindumiso le Psalter. Fedor Alekseevich Romanov Wabufunda kakuhle, wayesazi Polish, isiGrike kunye nesiLatini. Ingakumbi kuba oonobhala bakhe eyayikhokelwa Simeona Polotskogo wayelungiselela ukuba uhlobo isishwankathelo iziganeko ngamazwe.

kobulungisa zembali

Ngenxa yokuba umbuso wakhe elifutshane elide (Akwanelanga ukuba inyanga iminyaka eyi-6) kunye luthuthu phakathi xesha eliqaqambileyo ezibalulekileyo (ebukumkanini bukayise, Alexei Mikhailovich "kwakuzolile, 'yaye umntakwabo uPetros I Omkhulu), yena Fedor Alekseevich Romanov wahlala lobunganga ezifihla . Kunye nabameli ubukhosi bawo ukuqhayisa. Nangona wayenazo ingqondo kunye nentando kwetalente. Yena abe wenguquko enkulu inverter, nombhali wokuqala Russian perestroika. Kwaye waba nilibale ngukumkani.

Ekuqaleni kobukumkani bakhe, yonke igunya buzinze Miloslavskys izandla layo zabo. Fyodor III ethanda, kodwa ngenxa yokuba elivisayo, ukuba becinga ukuba baza kungena izithunzi, ngokunjalo ukuzisa abantu kuye ayikho amanene kakhulu, kodwa smart, esebenzayo, zangena - I. M. Yazykova kunye V. Golitsyna.

Tsar-wenguquko

Eliwaka Fedor Alekseevich kuphawulwa utshintshwano olubalulekileyo.
Wazalwa ngo-1661, sele ngo-1678 uyalela ekuqaleni kubalo kwaye lazisa kaZuma irhafu, kunye result ukuba uNondyebo iqalisa ukukhula. Ukomeleza urhulumente ngokusebenzisa toughening emva kokuyekiswa serfdom negalelo umthetho kayise ukuba extradite nabalimi sisibhadu ngokuxhomekeke kokufumana kubo emkhosini. Ezi kuphela amanyathelo kuqala. Eliwaka Fedor Alekseevich wabeka isiseko ezinye esithathwe yi Peter I iinguqulelo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1681, kuthotho lweziganeko uMenzi isiseko nokuvumela Petra ukubamba utshintsho wephondo, yaye kunyaka ophelileyo ubomi Fyodor III walungisa projekthi, ezisekelwe kuyo uPetros "Uluhlu sezikhundla" zadalwa.

Owokuqala umntu enegama elifanayo kwi intsapho Romanov waba Fedor Cat - enye izinyanya ngqo ubukhosi. Eyesibini yaba uBhishophu Filaret (Feodor Nikitich Romanov). Eyesithathu ukumkani Fedor Alekseevich Romanov - an ubuntu obungaqhelekanga, anamandla sikweni ulibele. Ukongezelela isifo kakhulu ilifa yokuba wayephethwe yokwenzakala - eneminyaka engama kuyo 13 ngexesha leeholide ishukumisa ebusika, leyo bayiqhuba dade. Times ezifana - wafa unina zokubeleka kunye nonyango usana nangokhwekhwe kwakungenakwenzeka (wathatha uhlobo isibetho), eqwalasele isihlalo bhanti ebusika wasebukhosini na. Kubonakala indoda leyo abamiselwe ukufa kwangoko kunye nokungakwazi agqibe ukuguqulwa. Ngenxa yoko, kaloku silibele malunga nayo, kwaye uzuko waya kwabanye.

Zonke egameni leli lizwe

Umgaqo-Domestic Fedor Alekseevich ijoliswe ezilungileyo karhulumente, kunye nokuphucula imeko ekhoyo wafuna nenkohlakalo kunye despotism.
Washintsha i Duma, ukwanda kwenani lamalungu ayo ukuba abantu 99 (kunokuba 66). Ukumkani wazibeka xanduva engundoqo kwizigqibo zikarhulumente. Ke kaloku ke, kungekhona uPetros mna, waqala ukunika indlela abantu abathobekileyo, kodwa abafundileyo kwaye esebenzayo, nako ukukhonza kuba zonke izinto ezilungileyo zelizwe. Awabatshabalalisayo ixhomekeke ngqo kwi ngabafo imvelaphi kwenkqubo kwizikhundla inkonzo karhulumente,. inkqubo localism yaphela ngo-1682, kanye Kwintlanganiso yeBhunga lePhondo. Ukuba lo mthetho akazange ahlale kuphela ephepheni, Fyodor III wayalela ukutshatyalaliswa lonke isuntswana le ncwadi, leyo ngokusemthethweni zaphuma kwindawo azoba yezizwe. Lo ibingunyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, ukumkani ndandineminyaka engama-20 kuphela ubudala.

litsha Wide karhulumente

Politika Fedora Alekseevicha wayalela ekunciphiseni, ukuba ukuba atshabalalise unya utshutshiso mthetho kunye nesohlwayo. Wabubhangisa ukugawulwa off izandla ngenxa yobusela.

Ngaba akandifanele wonder ukwamkelwa umthetho nxamnye zodidi? Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, ugqiba kwi ngokusekwa Akhademi Slavic-Greek-Latin. Ngelo xesha kwaba evulekile, yaye isikolo yonqulo. Yintoni ayimangalisi kakhulu, uTheodore A. lokuqala uqala kumema ootitshala abasuka kwamanye amazwe. Nkqu achebe iindevu neenwele asisifutshane waba phantsi Tsar Feodor.

inkqubo yerhafu kunye nezixhobo yomkhosi uguqula. Irhafu baye nengqiqo, yaye abantu baqalisa ukuhlawula kubo ngaphezulu okanye ngezants qhoqo, ngokuzalisa le mali. Kwaye, okubaluleke Akumangalisi ke, kwamisa amalungelo ibandla, kuphela ungenelelo yayo kakhulu kwimicimbi karhulumente kunye nezehlabathi, waqalisa inkqubo ukutshona ngubhishophu. Funda khumnqa, kuba konke oku kubangelwa uPetros! Licacile elokuba, nangona zonke oliqhophololo yakomkhulu, yena wayemthanda umninawa wakhe omdala, wakwazi ukuqonda oko yaqala iinguqu kunye notshintsho uze ugqibezele ngokwaneleyo.

komhlaba Construction

nkqubo Feodor Alekseevich Romanov ibandakanya onke amacandelo kazwelonke wezoqoqosho. zokwakha Active iitempile kunye nezakhiwo zoluntu, kwakukho imizi ezintsha, imida enqatyisiweyo, waqhekeza izitiya. Izandla ode waya kufikelela inkqubo amdaka le yesicelo. Bakufanele ekhaya amagama ezizodwa, wayila umyalelo wakhe, uninzi lwazo isekhona namhlanje. Theodore A. ikwazile ukwakha phantse ngokupheleleyo le Moscow ngomthi nangelitye. Wanikela Muscovites imali-mboleko engenanzala ukuze kwakhiwe amagumbi eqhelekileyo. EMoscow waba phambi kwamehlo ethu. Ngaba wakha amawaka amakhaya, ngoko isonjululwe ingxaki yezindlu wezinto zakomkhulu. Abanye Ijalele, ukumkani etyholwa abadyakrazi yobuncwane. Noko ke, ukuba Russia Fedor ibuye ibe amandla enkulu, yaye intliziyo yakhe, Red Square, liye laba ubuso lizwe. Ukumisela ukuba akukho akumangalisi ngaphantsi - izama, abantu abafundileyo ukusuka amagama commoner wasebenza naye esebuqaqawulini Russia. Apha, uPetros walandela emanyathelweni akhe.

Kweempumelelo zemigaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle

litsha yangaphakathi yomgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente langaphandle Ifezekisa Fedor Alekseevich. wayesele wazama ukubuyela kwilizwe lethu kuLwandle lweBaltic. Bakhchisarai uxolo isivumelwano ngo-1681 ezihlonyelwe i ekhohlo-Bank Ukraine eRashiya. Kutshintshiselwano imizi emithathu of Kiev yaba yinxalenye Russia kwasekuqaleni 1678. South post entsha wabonakala kufutshane nedolophu Izyum, ngoko inkoliso umhlaba ochumileyo iye yafakwa Russia - malunga nama-30 amawaka ezikwere zeekhilomitha kuyo kwaye kwasekwa ezinye amafa ezintsha ngaphandle kokuba nezidwangube ababekhonza emkhosini. Kwaye kwaba off ngokupheleleyo - Russia umzuzile ophezulu yakhe amanani kunye nezixhobo yomkhosi Turkish.

Xa Theodore A., kungekhona phantsi uPetros, ngenxa umkhosi rhoqo esebenzayo babekwa, kusekwe umgaqo entsha ngokupheleleyo. regiments zadalwa Lefortovo kunye Butyrsky abangazange wamngcatshayo ngoko uPetros Narva emfazweni.

ebhombolozayo ihlazo

ofanelwe ukungazithembi obekubonakala yokumkani, kuba xa nokubhala eRashiya kuye kwaphindaphindeka kathathu. Kwikomkhulu - ngentsimbi yesihlanu. La maxwebhu zibonisa ukuba phantsi Theodore A. Romanov isihobe yachuma phantsi kwakhe, hayi Lomonosov waqalisa ukuba imilo ode kuqala. Akwenzeki ukuba babale yokuba wakwazi ukwenza lo kumkani uselula. Ngoku kakhulu intetho malunga ngokoyisa kokusesikweni zembali. Bekuya kuba mnandi xa ukubuyiselwa kwalo ukuhlawula irhafu ukuya kukumkani, kungekhona inqanaba Izicatshulwa, kwaye ziyaluthundeza igama lakhe esemaphepheni iincwadi zembali, ukuze yonke into ukususela ebuntwaneni wazi ukuba yintoni na umlawuli omkhulu.