Nyana Peter I Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich Romanov: ifoto, biography. Abantwana Alexei Petrovich

Indlalifa Peter I Aleksey Petrovich ngomnye amanani kakhulu yeengxaki qembu kwimbali ye Romanov ubukhosi. Ngenxa ungquzulwano kunye noyise, wasaba phesheya kodwa wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe, wagwetywa ukufa wafa phantsi kweemeko eliyimfihlakalo entolongweni.

indodana akathandwa

Alexei Petrovich Romanov wazalwa Februwari 18, 1690. Unina Evdokia Lopuchin, apho uPetros atshate isibini eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba ukubonakala indlalifa. Noko ke, kungekudala kakhulu inkosi ikuba entsha - intombi senkosi langaphandle Anna Mons yeentlawulo yakhe ayithandayo German, apho irhuluneli wachitha ixesha elininzi lakhe free. Ekugqibeleni nguzwilakhe Sahlukana Evdokiey Lopuhinoy ngo-1694, xa unyana wakhe omdala bebubuncinci kakhulu.

Ngoko ke, Alexei Petrovich Romanov akazange wayesazi idyll usapho. ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kuba eneneni waba umthwalo kuyise. Le meko yaba mandundu xa uPetros ndathumela Evdokia e Pokrovsky Monastery e Suzdal. Nangona izibhambathiso ngokusesikweni indawo inkqubo komtshato. Evdokia yokuqala indoda ayizange yoyikiswe ukweyisela. Waze wacela ukuba bathethe uMphathi Adrian. Intloko abefundisi ngokwenene wazama ukukhusela inkosazana kumyeni wayo, ukuba nje nomsindo ngakumbi uPetros. Ngenxa yoko, Evdokia waya woonongendi phantsi yabalindi. Ke kaloku kwathi ngo 1698, phakathi musketeers uqhushululu wavula eMoscow.

ukubunjwa

ibali ezilizothe ukugxothwa unina akwazi ukunceda, kodwa kuchaphazela Alexei Petrovich. Emva kweso siganeko, lo mfana wahlala ebino-anti wakhe, Princess okuphendula Alekseevna. UYise mdla unyana wakhe, njengoko kwaba njalo bethutha. Ubomi lonke uPetros I sanikezelwa kwimicimbi karhulumente, elingumthombo, njengoko ngebengabanga usapho ixesha okanye umnqweno sisisebenzise.

Alexei yaba ootitshala abambalwa. Eyokuqala kwezi - umdikoni Nikifor Vyazemsky - wabelwa emva konyaka-emithandathu-Prince. Wabafundisa amakhwenkwe-alfabhethi, yaye ngoko iilwimi zasemzini. Ngaxa ezinye uPetros wayefuna ukuthumela unyana wakhe ukufunda e Dresden nolutsha ilungileyo odume kunene, kodwa wagqiba nayo. Endaweni Alexei Preobrazhensky kwibhotwe abakhutshwa baseJamani - Martin uNeugebauer Heinrich Gyuyssena. Yokongamela lo kumkani wayalela ozithandayo yakhe, yaye isandla sakhe sokunene Aleksandru Menshikovu.

yindlalifa

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, ubudlelwane uyise kunye nenzala yakhe musa ukuba ukufudumala. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, baba ngakumbi nokungathembani efanayo. UNyana Peter 1 Alexei Petrovich Wabufunda kakuhle, wayesazi iilwimi zasemzini kunye nenzululwazi. Kodwa uyise badumele ukuba akanamdla kwimicimbi yasemkhosini. Ngamanye amaxesha mlawuli wathabatha yindlalifa nokunyuka. Ixesha lokuqala kwathi 1704, xa imikhosi Russian nkobe ngoloyiso Narva.

Ngoko, xa umkhosi Swedish ka Charles XII ihlasela iRussia, Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich waba uxanduva lokulungiselela ukuziphendulela eMoscow kwimeko apho ukuhlaselwa lutshaba. Ileta uyise, apho amngxolise unyana wakhe ngenxa yokungenzi kunye nokungakhathali. umsindo kaPetros kwabangelwa kwezinye iimeko. Ngaphambi nje kokuba Alexei ngasese waya woonongendi unina elubhacweni. Lo mlawuli wenza konke ukuze anciphise qhagamshelana unyana wakhe nomfazi wokuqala. Malunga ukutyelelwa Alexei Petrovich, wafunda esebenzisa iintlola zakhe ukulahla. Nyana wakwazi ukungxengxeza uyise ngokusebenzisa ileta evela inkosikazi yakhe elizayo uKumkanikazi Catherine I.

e Germany

Ngowe-1709, unyana ka-Peter 1 Alexei Petrovich besahamba eJamani ukuze afunde. Ngaphezu koko, uyise wayefuna ukuba kumfumana khona umtshakazi amazwe. Ngaphambi koko, le tsars Russian watshata abafazi Russian kuphela, yaye kungaba imvelaphi abathobekileyo. Esi simo sengqondo ukuze umtshato lowo wendlela kwinkulungwane XVII. Waza ke ukumkani, eyenza Russia inxalenye eYurophu, ingqalelo kumtshato dynastic isixhobo ebalulekileyo ozakuzo. Ngomhla ngengcebiso katitshala Alexei Petrovich, wagqiba ukuba balungelelanise umsitho unyana wakhe Charlotte Lüneburg - intombi nkosana isiJamani kunye udade elizayo uKumkanikazi of Austria.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba atshate, inkosana kwafuneka ukuba bayigqibe imfundo yabo. Luphawu eyaziwa episode xa emva kokubuya kwakhe eRashiya, esoyika ukucwangcisa yoviwo, wadubula ngokwakhe ingalo nompu. Esi senzo kwakhona wayecaphukile uyise. UPetros beat kuphela lo nyana, kodwa wamthintela ukuvela enkundleni. Emva kwexesha elithile, lo mlawuli kuhlala phantsi waza wenza uxolo kunye nomntwana. Xa Imisebe enjalo iyavutha yonke umlinganiswa uPetros. Ngokuba yonke italente yakhe kwaye basebenze nzima, waba despot, ngubani lungazaliyo ukungathobeli. Kungenxa yoko le nto zonke kulinganisiwe amanani nguzwilakhe baba non-self. Babesoyika ukubuphikisa ukumkani. Oku kuchazela abafundi ukuba uyaphika, nto leyo yahluke Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich. It kakhulu waba lixhoba nephuku elibukhali kayise.

Wedding nabantwana

Nangona zonke izenzakalo kwiingxwabangxwaba zosapho izicwangciso kumtshato yabakho. October 14, 1711 kwisixeko eTorgau waye ngokutshata Alexis kunye Charlotte Lüneburg. Lo msitho ubuzinyaswe uPetros I. Kungekudala kwacaca ukuba abo batshatayo Union iya kuba ishwangusha nzima kakhulu. Charlotte wafudukela eSt Petersburg, kodwa wahlala wasemzini wasemzini. Uyasilela ukusondela nokuba nomyeni wakhe okanye nge e-mthetho.

Kwaye nangona ngobudlelwane wabalingane ayisebenzi, umsebenzi omkhulu inkosazana wayo dynastic nangoku sizaliseke. Ngowe-1714, esi sibini wazala intombi, uNatalia, yaye kamva kunyaka - unyana ekudala elindelwe uPetros. Noko ke, emva kokuzalwa kwakhe umama wakhe waziva egula. Imeko yakhe iya iba mbi, kwaye kwiintsuku ezilishumi emva kokuzalwa Princess Natalia (njengoko kwazeka eRashiya) wafa. Unyana Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich uPetros kwiminyaka eli-12 kamva waba uMlawuli Peter II.

ungquzulwano oluqhubekayo

Abantwana abancinane Alexei Petrovich wayengekho kongezwe entsha kuphela indlu yakomkhulu. Irhuluneli ngokwakhe emva kokuba unyana wakhe akathandwa ndinesinye umntwana. Lo mntwana igama uPyotr Petrovich (unina wakhe elizayo uCatherine I). Ngoko ke ngesiquphe Alexei yayeka ukuba yindlalifa kuphela uyise (ngoku wayengunyana wesibini kunye nomzukulwana). Le meko bamfaka kwindawo nzima.

Ukongeza, ubomi obutsha St. Petersburg ibonakala ngokucacileyo abanakwanela umlinganiswa ezifana Alexei Petrovich. Photo eni kuye ibonisa indoda nazigqibo encinane esibuhlungu. Waqhubeka enza izabelo kawonke uyise onamandla, nangona yakwenza oko kabuhlungu, ukuze kwakhona kwaye kwakhona bamqumbisa nguzwilakhe.

Nangona olusafundayo eJamani, uAlex wabuza abahlobo bakhe eMoscow ukuba ndimthumele kuye confessor entsha lowo zivume ekuhleni ngayo yonke into etyiwa mfana. Inkulu wachukumiseka zonqulo, kodwa ngaxeshanye woyika kakhulu yeentlola kayise. Noko ke, ngowokuqala entsha Yakov Ignatev ngokwenene akukho namnye abalindi uPetros. Xa Alex wathi kuye ezintliziyweni zabo ukuba balinde ukufa kayise. Ignatyev wathi lowo ufuna abahlobo ezininzi yindlalifa eMoscow kaThixo. Ngoko ke, kakhulu kungalindelekanga, uAlex wafumana abalandeli bakhe liqalise indlela ezakhokelela ekufeni kwakhe.

isigqibo esinzima

Ngowe-1715, uPetros wathumela unyana wakhe incwadi apho wabeka phambi kokuba bakhethe - Alex wayilungisa (okt, uqala ukubandakanya umkhosi kwaye ithatha nkqubo kayise), okanye zithunyelwe eMonastri. Indlalifa waba ngunomji. Akazange nje amalinge amaninzi uPetros, kuquka amaphulo akhe ezingapheliyo zomkhosi iinguqu ezinkulu ebomini lizwe. Le mbono yaye zisetyenziswa iingangamsha ezininzi (ingakumbi eMoscow). Elite wayekhona ukulahlwa ucaphula utshintsho, kodwa uqhankqalazo yoluntu akukho mntu ubenobuganga, ngokuba ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo nayiphi na inkcaso ugqibele ihlazo okanye ukufa.

Nguzwilakhe, ibe el unyana wakhe, waphuma wamnika ixesha lokucinga isigqibo sakhe. Biography of Alexei Petrovich iye iziqephu ezininzi ezifana ingacaci, kodwa imeko yaba ebulalayo. Emva kokudibana kunye okuyo (kwindawo yokuqala kunye nentloko St. Petersburg Admiralty Aleksandrom Kikinym), wagqiba ekubeni asabe eRussia.

flight

Ngowe-1716, ukususela eSt Petersburg ukuya Copenhagen, igqiza, elikhokelwa Alexei Petrovich. Nyana uPetros wayeza kubona eDenmark kunye noyise. Noko ke, ukuba i-Polish Gdansk, inkosana ngesiquphe watshintsha indlela yakhe aze okunene abalekela eVienna. Apho, Alex zaqala ukuxoxa ukuba abhace kwezopolitiko. Austrians wamthuma naye Naples esekusithekeni.

Isicwangciso obalekayo kwaba ngasesandleni ukufa, ngoko bolevshego tsar Russian, aze abuyele kwilizwe labo ekhayeni ukuya etroneni, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunye amabutho angaphandle. Alex wamxelela ngako kamva kuphando. Noko ke, umntu ngokukhuselekileyo ukuthatha la mazwi inyaniso, ngenxa nje yeni ubungqina wabanjwa kuyimfuneko. Ngokutsho ubungqina Austrians, nesikhulu waba hysterics. Ngoko ke, kokukhona oku Kungaphikiswa ukuba waya eYurophu ngaphandle ithemba kunye noloyiko ngekamva labo.

e Austria

UPetros wafunda apho, unyana wakhe uphilile. E Austria apho waza ke waya kukumkani kubantu abathembekileyo. Intloko esiya kwenza izinto ezibalulekileyo wamiselwa Igqala laso Peter Tolstoy. Uxele ukuba Austria uCharles VI, kanye isibakala lobukho emhlabeni Alexei Habsburg yi ngempama ebusweni Russia. Mbaleki wakhetha Vienna ngenxa nomini wakhe nokumkani emtshatweni wakhe babephila mfutshane-.

Mhlawumbi Charles VI kwezinye iimeko, ange ikhuselwe ndafuduswa, kodwa ke ngelo xesha, Austria ilwa kunye Ottoman yaye ukulungiselela ungquzulwano ne Spain. Fumana phantsi kwezi meko lutshaba enamandla, njengokuba uPetros mna, umlawuli akazange afune ukuba. Ukongeza, yena blundered neAlex. Wenza uvalo waye ngokucacileyo ndingazithembanga. Ngenxa yoko, abasemagunyeni Austrian benze iminyinyiva. Peter Tolstoy wafumana ilungelo lokudibana abaphalaphalayo.

zingxoxo

Peter Tolstoy, wadibana Alexey, uye wasebenzisa zonke iindlela kunokwenzeka namacebo ukuze naye abuyele ekhaya. Kule khosi kwakukho iziqinisekiso ezilungileyo zilumkileyo ukuba uyise kumxolela uze uvumele ukuba baphile ngokukhululekileyo kwilifa labo.

I Messenger wakhumbula amacebo krelekrele. Wabongoza Isikhulu, uCharles VI yaloo, azifuni neentlobano noPetros, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, akayi akawuvingca, koko Alexei kanye uya kuba naseRussia njengohlobo mthetho. Ekugqibeleni, inkosana wavuma ukubuyela kwilizwe labo.

enkantolo

Februwari 3, 1718 uPetros uThemba ndadibana nabo Moscow yesicelo. wamemeza yindlalifa kunye bacela ukuba abathethelele. Ukumkani wazenza ngumsindo hayi ukuba umntwana uyala itrone nelifa (awazenzayo).

Emva koko, waqalisa lo kwetyala. Ekuqaleni, lo mbaleki wanika bonke abalandeli bakhe, "wamcenga 'ukuba isenzo angawokubhuda. Wokubopha isohlwayo osemthethweni. UPetros wayefuna ukubona esemantloko laya umfazi wokuqala wakhe Evdokia Lopuchin kunye nabefundisi iphikisanayo. Noko ke, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukumkani aneliseke inani kakhulu elikhulu labantu.

ukufa

Nam biography olufutshane Alexei Petrovich aliqulathanga ulwazi oluchanekileyo malunga neemeko yokufa kwakhe. Ngokutsho iziphumo zophando, nto leyo eyakhokelela zonke uPetros Tolstoy, umbulali wagwetywa intambo. Noko ke, loo nto ayizange yenzeke. Alex wafa ngoJuni 26, 1718 kwi uPetros Paul Fortress, apho eyaqhutywa ityala lakhe. Ngokusemthethweni kwabhengezwa ukuba waquleka. Mhlawumbi prince wabulawa ngokomyalelo ofihlakeleyo uPetros, yaye mhlawumbi yena wafa ngaphandle kokunikezela abanamava kuphando nxaniso. Kuba-onamandla onke umlawuli isohlwayo lonyana wakhe wayeza kuba isiganeko lihlazo kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kukho isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba yayalela ukujongana uAlex kwangaphambili. Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa ke inzala inyaniso kwaye hayi ukuba bafunde.

Emva kokufa Alexei Petrovich lenze ingongoma wezinto imbono kwi ezibangela idrama kwenzeke. Ihlala yokuba indlalifa wayephantsi kweempembelelo yezikhulu omdala emithethweni eMoscow abanenzondo nabefundisi kukumkani. Noko ke, ezazi zonke iimeko impixano, akanako ngokuba inkosana umngcatshi angaqhubeki engqondweni ngesidanga ityala Peter I kule ntlekele.