Ibrahim ithawula: engobomi, olunomdla, iifoto

Isibakala sokuba Tsar uPetros Mna kwinkundla, "Negro", wonke umntu uyazi. Kubhaliwe zezifundo zoncwadi, ocacisa ukuba Pushkin lukhulu ezihlangwini iintlobo waba kumgca yakhe. Ukongeza, imbongi immortalized igama ngukhokho layo Akumangalisi ukubhala inoveli, enomxholo othi "Arap Petra Enkulu." Igama lakhe Ibrahim ithawula.

biography

Xa ngo-1697 kwakukho unyana elinesithoba, akukho namnye bacinge nokucinga entsatsheni prince Abyssinian, yintoni imimiselo elimangalisayo Uzibhekise kuye ubomi. Njengoko umntwana, lo mfana wathunyelwa eConstantinople, waya entendelezweni Turkish Sultan njenge ukunyaniseka bathinjwa wesizwe yakhe. Kukho a Russian injineli elizayo zomkhosi ithawula uAbram Petrovich waba njengesicaka seraglio. Le mbali cinga uguqulelo kakhulu zincomeka. Nangona a imvelaphi ngakumbi ngqo "Negro" uPetros, eyaziwa ngokuba Ibrahim ithawula, kodwa ukuphikisana kunye mbali kunye ethnographers. Nditsho umbhali Vladimir Nabokov eyayibulindile nayo ikhaya yokwenene ukhokho of Pushkin. Yaba nguye lowo wacebisa ukuba Gannibal uAbram Petrovich, imbali yakhe emfutshane - yinto nje banentsomi ezaqanjwa kuye, kwazenzekela eyenziwe eRashiya nesikhundla ekuhlaleni. Ekubeni Wafika ndaweni ithile apho enkundleni, "Negro 'yasungulwa kuye yomlibo unguwo. Nangona eneneni, Ibrahim ithawula inkwenkwe ziqhelekileyo kwaye rootless owathi, akuba ezibiweyo eCameroon, bamakhoboka bazisa eTurkey, apho kwabe ezithengiselwe sultan kwi seraglio.

Russia - ikhaya lesibini

Ngokutsho kwenye inguqulelo, lixesha ukumkani uPetros, wayeyoliswa kakhulu zonke iintlobo yokufuna ulwazi, bagqiba ukuba azalise ingqokelela indlela original kakhulu. Ngelo xesha, fashion eYurophu bandiselwa ngokupheleleyo kwi "inkwenkwe black". Beautiful inkwenkwe abamnyama banxibe izinxibo ngokobutyebi esilukiweyo, phantse zonke ibhola okanye isidlo izidwangube kunye nesithunzi nkqu nookumkani ababekhonza. Yiyo loo nto uPetros waba kakhulu befuna kuye waza wafumana "arapchonka". Lo msebenzi eyadini wayibeka phezu unozakuzaku Russian eConstantinople. Yena wabhenela yonke ikhosi links ukuba bekukwangelo kwinkundla Turkish. Kwaye yathi yathengwa Ibrahim ithawula, ogama engobomi litshintshile kakhulu ukususela ngoko.

Ukuya enkundleni Russian

Ngoko ke waqalisa olunye uhambo inkwenkwe encinane emnyama kude yaye abandayo kwilizwe ngumhlali St. Petersburg eshushu. Petru Skitalets wakuthanda ngakumbi ingqondo yakhe emnandi, ukumkani adunyiswe quickness bakhe, yaye "notyekelo yesayensi ezahlukahlukeneyo." A ezincinane ezikhulayo, Ibrahim ithawula, waqalisa ukuba ukudlala nje kuphela indima umkhonzi umlawuli valet Russian, kodwa unobhala wakhe. De 1716 Arap, lonke ixesha ukuba nokumkani ngcembe yaba ekuthanda, yaye oku nangona inkundla Russian kwakukho nabanye abakhonzi abaninzi abamnyama.

impilo entsha

Akumangalisi ndaziva uPeter Omkhulu. Waba Ulumkile phantse yonke into, nkqu obubonakala ukuzibandeza yayo. Ephawula kwi "inkwenkwe black" ubukrelekrele nenyameko enkulu, umlawuli wagqiba ukuthumela unobhala yabo kuvuthwa eParis, ngoko wafunda isayensi emkhosini. Ngelo xesha eYurophu, ngokwemiyalelo uPetros oluninzi izinduna, okanye abantwana yezikhulu - "greenhorns" abangazange abafuni ukufunda nantoni na, ngokufuthi ukongeza "ngembeko" okanye nokuzingxala ngokutya ngenye engaganwanga kumazwe aphesheya. Ibrahim ithawula naye wathunyelwa eYurophu uPetros ngokungathi ukuhlekisa kwezi loafers amanene. Ukumkani wayefuna ukungqina kubo ukuba umsebenzi onzima inkuthalo zenzululwazi, ukususela kweli nobudlova Afrika baya kubanako ukwenza indoda efundile - a sikatata.

Ke kaloku uPetros Wayengachananga hayi: i "arapchonok" abaselula wadibana ezilindelekileyo emnqamlezweni. Ukususela ngoku, igama lakhe Gannibal Abram Petrovich. Wazalwa godson entsha yoMlawuli kuwo onke amaxwebhu eziphawulwe ngokuqhelekileyo - 1697. Patronymic "Petrovich" wafumana uPetros mna, ngubani ngokobuqu abhaptizwe nguye. KwiNkundla Russian "arapchonok" akopa ukholo lwamaKristu, waba igama yebhayibhile - Abraham, igama ngasekhohlo ithawula imbeko oyiphumeleleyo amaRoma kunye nomphathi odumileyo Carthaginian. Kuko konke oku, ababhali-mbali baye babone omnye uPetros ubulumko: umlawuli wayefuna abantu bakhe izinto abaselula owuthandayo izinto ezinkulu.

uqeqesho

Ukusuka Russia Gannibal uAbram Petrovich, ogama engobomi sivela ngoku itshintshile, ndaya neleta evela uPetros I ngesiqu ngawo Duke de Menou. Le yokugqibela wayesisalamane Louis XV waza wayalela ukuba yonke zokudubula yasebukhosini. Xa godson yakhe noMlawuli wayenyanisile. jaha nzima wafunda izibalo kunye nobunjineli, wafunda ballistics kunye zokuzifaka apha. Yena iziqu emkhosini kwi elikwisikhundla koombayimbayi umthetheli. "Ziqheliseni" lo mcimbi emfazweni iSpanish, apho wabonisa isibindi kwaye bazenzakalise..

umsebenzi Early

Le ndlela ekufundeni yile yokuba tsar Russian wayefuna ukubona izilwanyana zasekhaya. UPetros yafuna pet wabuyela eRashiya, kodwa Ibrahim ithawula, zonke ngequbuliso 'ziyaxinga "e-Paris. City of uthando kunye nentuthuzelo bezifunyanwa esibenza kakhulu kwi-network. Ngaphezu koko, a emnyama ebukekayo handsome "avingciwe amehlo" wayezeke sisidwangube ekhulile. Yena wawalukuhla Ibrahim, balwa Bathandana ovuthuzayo, nto leyo kumangaliswa kakhulu abaninzi ehlabathini izindawo. Ngaphezu koko, phantse ibali yaphela ngehlazo. Le sisidwangube, wamitha, wazala. Ke kaloku, njengokuba bekulindelekile, oko wazalwa ... umntwana omnyama. Kwihlazo ke bezongena phezulu, nangona nzima. INdoda langoku - igrafu oko onogada inkosikazi uMbuso, ngexesha lokuzalwa walahlwa, kwaye endaweni emnyama ukubeka ezalwa emhlophe, ayithenge usapho amahlwempu. Le kid efanayo sasekhohlo 'ezandleni ezilungileyo "kwezemfundo.

Riddle abamnyama "arapchonka"

Apho avela khona, ngokungummangaliso Ibrahim ithawula? Yintoni ngokwenene ubomi bomntu, ngoko ngequbuliso saphakama kwimbali Russia? Ndimele nditsho ukuthi asiyiyo indlela echazwe kwi kumlawuli wakhe film MITT. Indlela ukukhangela okunene Gannibal Abram Petrovich? Chaza, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo, ayikho, kodwa i-Paris Museum National kukho umfanekiso, elithanda kubalelwa godson oselula Velikogo Petra. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umntu ligutyungelwe iimfihlelo ezininzi. Okokuqala, igcisa odale lo mfanekiso, wazalwa kwiminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe emva kokufa Ibrahim, ngoko akazange abone yokuqala.

Ukongeza, akukho bani waziyo ukuba kwenzeka kwizibulo godson kakumkani, ngubani owazala sisidwangube. Nangona Pushkin ulwazi olukhulu ngononophelo ukuqokelela ngokhokho yazo emangalisayo, wabhala amazwi izalamane zakhe. Ngoko ke, ukuba abathile kuthi ukuba umntwana okanye, kobugcisa Alexander, akunakwenzeka. Enye into ethile, Ibrahim Petrovich kwakungekho tape ebomvu kwaye akukho iziketi nokusukelana. career yakhe isenkulu ubulungiseleli ochaphazelekayo kunye itrone.

Amahla ndinyuka

Ukubuyela eRashiya, wathi ikwazizo uPetros, umfana wanikezela ngokupheleleyo enkonzweni yakhe. Waqhubeka ke emva ukufa ke kwasemnqamlezweni. Total Ibrahim ithawula, wasinda abalawuli ezisixhenxe Russian kunye empresses. Yilwa ayisekho waba. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, godson uPetros wakha yezikhephe, iinqaba kunye ezweni, wakhokela imisebenzi zokuzifaka apha kwizakhiwo ezininzi waduma Petrine ziwayo postpetrovskoy, kuquka Kronstadt kunye Paul Fortress.
Ngexesha lakhe, Gannibal uAbram Petrovich, ogama inzala kusekho ukuqokelela izinto ngaye, waza wabona lihlazo, yaye ekuthinjweni emfutshane eSiberia. Kodwa ukuba kude eyadini waqhubeka yokwakha. Xa wabuyela ekuthinjweni, kwakhona wakwazi ukufumana isikhundla nobutyebi. Kwincopho umsebenzi wakhe, godson uPetros wafikelela uKumkanikazi eBhayi. Ngowe-1759 waba wawongwa irenki liphezulu wamajoni Jikelele-ku-Chief, kunye Alexander iribhoni phezu kwesifuba. Ukususela ngelo xesha, waba akhokele Corps zenjineli phantsi umlawuli. Loo uvavanyo omkhulu impumelelo yayo uKumkanikazi waba Gannibal Abram Petrovich.

usapho

ubomi Personal ukuba kude smooth kunye. ubudlelwane Alien engaphucukanga, weza umtshato yimfuneko asebenzisekayo - ukulungiselela injongo yokuba zizale. Xa Ibrahim ithawula, ngo-1731-m odityanisiweyo umtshato wokuqala, uPetros wayengasekho ecaleni kwakhe. YamaSilamsi Wanyulwa enye Dioper lokuqala Greek - intombi kumthetheli-mkhosi wezikhephe. uBawo eganelwe Evdokia kuye, nangona yena umyeni omnyama, kodwa ezintlwini natyebileyo. Kodwa hayi kuba kudala nemihlali intsapho yonwabe Gannibal Abram Petrovich. Umfazi wakhe omthandayo omnye. Waya phantsi kwezitulo kunye nentando yakhe, imiyalelo kayise. Onyuliweyo kwentliziyo yakhe ukuba uLieutenant Kaysarovich yena zingqondweni eluthandweni. Xa umtshato, waba wayengonwabanga yaye, akufumana ithuba, ndiphindezele umyeni wakhe omnyama. Kungekudala ithawula, ebamkele uphawulo "awongamileyo", kunye nentsapho yakhe bafudukela kwisixeko Pernau. Umhla Evdokia and Kaysarovicha ngokuyimfuneko wayeka, kodwa ngokukhawuleza wafumana ngumthandi entsha - umqhubi oselula Yakov Shishkov. Yaye kungekudala umfazi wakhe wamitha. Ithawula Walubona phambili unyana wakhe, kodwa wazalwa intombi emhlophe. Kwaye nangona oku kwenzeka kwimeko kwemitshato engumxube, indoda ke wavutha ngumsindo. Yena kabuhlungu ukubetha umfazi wakhe. Ngaphezu koko, aphathwe kakubi Ibrahim akazange ayeke: entolongweni umngcatshi kwenziwa kwigumbi sentuthumbo. Iziqu Evdokia ubomi bakhe eMonastri.

Ibrahim akazange ahlale yedwa. Kungekudala umtshakazi yakhe entsha engaganiweyo. Eli xesha le waseJamani Christina von Shaberg. Njengoko intombi igosa webutho Pernovskogo, yena kucingwa ukuba ukhokho of Pushkin - imbongi, ezibe ugalelwe Afrika, igazi Russian kunye nesiJamani. Ngowe-1736-m Ibrahim ithawula okwesibini ngokusemthethweni utshatile. Noko ke, nangoku akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuba iwuqhawule umtshato kunye Evdokia, ngoko kwiminyaka embalwa, Ibrahim Petrovich waba bigamist. Kuphela isikhundla sakhe esiphakamileyo ukuba uphephe ihlazo kunye, Kakade ke, ingxaki ezinxulumene nayo. Ekugqibeleni, lo mtshato kunye Evdokia wakwazi ukukhupha kuphela emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe - ngo-1753.

inzala

Ibrahim umtshato ne Christina waba ixesha elide kakhulu yaye ezizalayo. Ke wayeneentombi ezine kunye noonyana abahlanu. Gannibal Abram Petrovich, ogama abantwana omnyama okanye ezimnyama kakhulu, yaye wonwabile emtshatweni wakhe wesibini. Kodwa ke isizukulwana yesibini - le abazukulwana - kancane kancane ibala yaseYurophu kunye neempawu zobuso German. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umxube Afrika nengqele abuhlungu igazi yaseJamani yaba neziphumo Akumangalisi. Phakathi kwinzala ithawula, baba mhlophe kwaye aluhlaza amehlo, okanye, okanye lube mnyama amehlo kwaye kumnyama ngebala. Omnye woonyana bakhe - Osip - wakhonza kwi Navy. Wazimanya intombi Tambov kwirhuluneli. Ukususela kulo mtshato wazalwa yintombi elinomtsalane - ndiyathemba ukuba ekukhanyeni isiteketiso "isiCreole ezintle." Waye iinwele ezimnyama kunye namehlo kunye yesundu yellow - uphawu zofuzo Afrika. Ngowe-1796 "isiCreole ezintle" watshata Lieutenant othobekileyo Izmailovskii Sergeya Lvovicha Pushkina webutho, yaye ngowe-1799 baba nonyana - Alexander, imbongi enkulu elizayo, utatomkhulu ogama Gannibal Abram Petrovich.

anika umdla

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso godson uPetros neetapile kwilizwe lethu. Okokuqala iibhedi iitapile, njengoko iyaziwa, wabonakala eRashiya kwi uKhesare yokuqala. Pet Veliky le nkcubeko olukhulayo e Strelna, ndithembe ukuba ungayisebenzisa njengendlela isityalo amayeza. UCatherine II efanayo, ndicinga ukuba "apile ayiyo" ingasetyenziswa kwiminyaka ibhityile, zaphathiswa ithawula, aziyo esi sityalo, zama ukwenza lokuzalanisa iitapile Manor. Kwefama "Suyda", ephethwe yi Ibrahim, yaba kwindawo yokuqala kumhlaba Russian, owayebonakele kuqala kwi ezincinane uze amasimi yokuqala enkulu watyala nale isityalo. Ibrahim ithawula, wabhala yakhe, yaye French, kodwa ekupheleni kobomi bakhe ubatshabalalisile.

Into engaqhelekanga isimo sakhe enqabeni. Ngowe-1743, xa Wazinikela inxalenye kwilali yabo ekuthiwa Ragoli Rentals imvelaphi Tirenu, wafaka kule mvumelwano ezithile amangalisayo iingongoma ixesha, ezifana owalela isohlwayo sokubetha ngokunxulumene abalimi, ukunyuka ifakwe phambi kokuba imithetho serfdom, njalo-njalo. D. A xa njingalwazi waziqhekeza, ithawula, ulwenze isivumelwano enkundleni. Le nkqubo iye yabangela ukudideka phakathi bomhlaba bendawo, owathi, ngenxa yabo, bekufanele ukuba sele kufunyenwe imvelaphi enetyala Tyrena ukuba phantsi komthetho bobulali ngqalelo. Abram ithawula, wakwazi ukwenza inkqubo, kodwa enyanisweni akuzange abalimi Estonia. Kuba okokuqala kwimbali serfdom eRashiya umnini batshutshiswa ngenxa ngoko ke wasuka wawohlwaya wamtyakatya abalimi, athile izithethe ezisekiweyo serfdom.

Kude kube ngoku, biography of ithawula lot of ayaziwa. Inguqulelo yemveli imvelaphi yayo kunye nendawo yokuzalwa enxibelelene ekhaya uPetros YamaSilamsi kunye Abyssinia - emantla Ethiopia kaThixo. Kodwa izifundo wakutshanje ukuba Sorbonne graduate Beninese Slavic Dieudonné Gnammank, umbhali we "Abram ithawula", ukuchonga njengoko kwikhaya umda lanamhlanje Chad kunye Cameroon. kanye Kwakukho sultanate kwikhompyutha ubuzwe Kotoko. Yaye oko kudla ngokwenza inzala ukuthi impucuko, ngokutsho umbhali, kwaye ithawula.

End of yokuphila

Uninzi inzala godson uPetros izizukulwana yokuqala neyesibini - elide-izibindi. Yena waba nguyise wabo eli gama elikhulu wafa eneminyaka engamashumi asibhozo anesihlanu, iinyanga ezimbini emva kokufa ngumfazi wakhe onyanisekileyo, uChristine. waphuma ngo-1761 e umhlala-phantsi, wachitha bonke ubomi kwenye lifa ezininzi ngentlonipho zizonke.