Ukuphelela kweenkcukacha - oku ntoni?

Enye nezimaphambili ezingundoqo kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha - lwazi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho nkcazelo enye le mbono. Kodwa ngokucace iimpawu eziphambili kweenkcukacha - nokuchaneka, ukugqibelela, ukufika, luncedo, ukungathathi icala kunye nabanye. Zimisela umgangatho ulwazi kwaye abonakalisa ngayo. Zonke iipropati siye zidweliswe kuphela luluvo kwaye zizakuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zomntu okanye ezinye iinkcukacha.

Yintoni Ulwazi

Summary - Ingcamango kunokuba abstract leyo ayinayo i ngqo, inkcazelo ezisisigxina. Eli gama livela kwi informatio Latin, eliguqulelwa in Russian njengoko iinkcukacha okanye ingcaciso.

Igama elithi "ikhompyutha" yiseti lwamaxabiso ezenzeka emxholweni. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu ziye zange ziphuhliswe inkcazelo eyodwa ikota. Ngoko ke, yi W. Schneider ubonisa ukuba kukho ezingaphezu kwama-400 iinkcazelo apho asebenza kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zolwazi.

Ingcamango intambo yekhompyutha zinakho iingqameko ngokunika inkcazelo ilandelayo - ulwazi okanye iinkcukacha ezinikwe naluphi na uhlobo - ngomlomo, ebhaliweyo, nge-elektroniki, isikhonkwane; ezininzi kuThixo data elirekhodiweyo medium ngokomzimba; ukugcinwa kunye nokusasazwa data.

Ingcamango zolwazi zisebenza ezininzi zesayensi, ezifana ithiyori lolwazi, cybernetics, semiotics, theory zokunxibelelana nabantu abaninzi, inzululwazi ikhompyutha kunye economics. Ngamnye kubo ukhetha ulwimi elichaza kakhulu nangokuchanekileyo ukusetyenziswa kolwazi kule ndawo lobungcaphephe.

Emva koko, siya akuwuqiqi kuphela iindidi ulwazi kunye imisebenzi, kodwa iimpawu zayo engundoqo esemgangathweni. ulwazi kwempahla kakhulu, hetiseka kuya kuxoxwa. Imizekelo ngasinye kwezi mpawu ziya kuba lulula kakhulu kwaye kucacile, oko kuya kunceda ukuqonda kakuhle ngamnye kubo.

iintlobo ulwazi

Kuxhomekeka iikhrayitheriya, ulwazi zihlelwe ngokungqinelana inkqubo imbono, ukuvela intsimi kunye nefomu injongo ntetho.

Kuxhomekeka imo ulwazi imbono ekwanti ezibonwayo, ezikhalayo, nezihlwabisayo, ukuqgiba kunye nemvakalo.

Kummandla ukwenzeka - phawu, yebhayoloji kunye nezentlalo.

Ngokutsho uhlobo ntetho nokulungiswa - itekisi, lwamanani, lomzobo, odiyo, imoto.

Njengoko bekujongiwe - uqhwithela, okhethekileyo, umntu, iimeko zasekuhlaleni, lwamanani.

Olu ayilo luhlu epheleleyo zokuhlelwa, enyanisweni zibe ninzi kakhulu. Sikunike kuphela ezona ziphambili.

ukusebenza phezu ulwazi

Ukutyhubela ulwazi, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo wayo, unako ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Cinga ezona ziphambili:

1. Collection okanye ukuqokelelana ulwazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphelela kwalo, ukuchaneka nexesha.
2. Yokuhluza - bazama inkcazelo engeyomfuneko. Umzekelo, ukuchaneka nokuphelela kwengcaciso - le yenye iipropati zalo ezisisiseko. Ukuba yonke ingcaciso ayifumene ayingqinelani kubo, kube nokuqwalaselwa akufuneki noyicime.
3. ukhuseleko Data - ukuthintela ukulahleka, ukuguqulwa, ukusetyenziswa ngokungekho mthethweni lwe data.
4. Ukutshintsha - inguqu kwindlela ye data. Umzekelo, okubhaliweyo uchazwa itafile okanye itshati, isigodlo.

ulwazi kwempahla Basic

Njengazo naziphi na ezinye izinto, ulwazi uneempawu zawo kunye neepropati. Ngoko ke, iinkalo eziphambili - lo ukuchana, ukufaneleka, ukungathathi icala, ukufumaneka, ukuchaneka, hetiseka ulwazi. Nangona sebekhomba loo umgangatho data, ubungakanani ngokuvumelana iimfuno zeqela elithile labantu.

Okulandelayo sihlalutya ngamnye kubo iinkcukacha uze unike imizekelo nolufikelelekayo ukuyiqonda.

Ukwenza

Ukwenza kweenkcukacha - data elizimeleyo uluvo nabani okanye ukwazi, iindlela zamalungiselelo. Koko injongo, ethembeke ngakumbi.

Umzekelo, inkcazelo graphic, esebenzisa umfanekiso injongo ngaphezu koko ukutsalwa njengomzobi. Okanye nokulungiswa ngaphandle yemozulu. Ngoko, ulwazi ngalawo ngaphandle - ke luluvo, kodwa iinkcukacha ukuba ithemometha ubonisa degrees 24 Celsius, uye njongo.

Ngomhla lepropati lichatshazelwe kukuba ingaba data wadlula imbono zesimo loo mntu okanye hayi, ukuba ngaba izibakala okanye nokucingela zaba.

nokugcwala

Nokugqibeka kolwazi - njengenyathelo leyo ibonisa ubungakanani nokwanela lwe data ngesisombululo ingxaki. Yena isalamane kakhulu, njengoko kulinganiswa njani olu lwazi ingaluncedo zokusombulula ingxaki ethile. Ukuba ingcaciso eyaneleyo ukuze enze isigqibo esifanelekileyo - oko kugqityiwe. Ukuba akunjalo, ngoko ukusetyenziswa kwayo akayi kuyitshabalalisa yifuna.

Okukhona epheleleyo i data, kokukhona umntu ubuchule ezikhoyo ukusombulula ingxaki, i kungekudala uya kukwazi ukukhetha echanekileyo nokusombulula ingxaki yakho. zingabhalwanga zonke iinkcukacha kusenokukhokelela ekubeni izigqibo eziphosakeleyo, izigqibo.

Cinga, ukuze ukuphelela ebalulekileyo ulwazi nayiphi na imeko. Imizekelo ukuze ngolu hlobo. Kwi TV ukubonisa sezulu, kodwa wathi kuphela ukuba iqondo lobushushu ngaphandle ziya +25 emva kwemini. Kulo mzekelo, i umsasazi akazange athi nokuba enelanga okanye namafu, nokuba imvula. Ezo nkcukacha ayinakuthenjwa. Kwi ineziseko zayo le oyibonayo angagqiba ukuba iambrela yaye ekugqibeleni abanjiswe imvula.

Umzekelo wesibini: abafundi baxelelwa ukuba uviwo luya kuba ngoLwesibini, kodwa ayizange igama lo mbandela. idatha efana nalo akwanelanga ukusombulula le ngxaki.

Ukulungiselela injongo hetiseka ulwazi ufuna ukuqokelela iinkcukacha kangangoko kwaye lokucoca kubo, ukufumana ekugqibeleni ulwazi olugqityiweyo enokusetyenziswa lo msebenzi.

ukuthembeka

Ukuchaneka ulwazi - ukunyaniseka kwakhe, izibakala ayiyonyani.

iinkcukacha ezithembekileyo isekelwe phezu ezineengongoma inkcazelo, injongo. Ukuphelela kunye nokuchaneka kolwazi zihlobene, ekubeni yolwazi olungaphelelanga aluchanekanga. Ngokomzekelo, xa lokufihla kwiinkcukacha izibakala abunene. Oku kubangelwa ukuthembeka khrayitheriya:

- ukungabi igqwethwe zobuxoki data ezingaphelelanga.

- intetho ukuvakala (inkqubo nitrogen).

Izizathu ngokuba unreliability kolwazi ukuba inokuchazwa kakhulu nazo rhoqo: ukufiphala yi ngabom (ekuqaleni ekuchazweni ubugqwetha ngenxa ingxolo), kunye ngabom - olungelulo, zeempazamo data ubambe, nokufihla iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo.

Ukuhambisana

Ngokufaneleka kweenkcukacha - indlela ngexesha kunikwa yonke ingcaciso ayifumene, ngexesha ulwazi ifunyenwe.

Umzekelo, thatha yonke zesimo sezulu efanayo. Ngomso okanye kwiveki ezayo iya kuba ezifanelekileyo ngathi kuba oko kuya kunceda ukukhetha impahla ekunene, mhlawumbi ukuze alungise izicwangciso zabo. Kwangaxeshanye, lo sase- izolo okanye kwiveki egqithileyo awungeni kuthi, njengoko akukho akukho xabiso, ngokuba olu lwazi sifunyenwe emva komhla wokuvala, kungekhona umdla ixesha esinalo.

Kodwa simele sikhumbule ukuba, ngokuxhomekeke iinjongo, awungeni ulwazi abantu kusenokuba ezifanelekileyo nezinye. Ngenxa yoko, ukubhengezwa ulwaphulo kwiimeko ezithile, imozulu ngosuku ngobusela okanye ukubulala isenokuba isitshixo.

Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu ulwazi - iphelele, ukufaneleka kunye nokuthembeka - kubalulekile ekusombululeni ingxaki.

izinto ezintsha

Ulwazi kufuneka eze into entsha ukuqondwa uhlobo okanye into. Kukholelwa ukuba ngaphantsi oko kufuneka kuthetha inkcazelo ngayo umntu ukunika ulwazi malunga into entsha kuphela.

Ngokubanzi, asingabo bonke abaphengululi ukwamkela lo mhlaba umele ukufumana ulwazi. Ulwazi propati isiba ezintsha kulo mzekelo, ukuba idatha nayiphi na ezitsha izifundo, iziganeko, iziganeko ehlabathini. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba iziphumo zolwazi lonyulo kufuneka ubutsha, kodwa nje ixesha elifutshane.

yokusebenziseka

Eluncedo okanye ixabiso ulwazi ziphononongwa ngokunxulumene neemfuno omnye okanye elinye abasebenzisi bayo, iingxaki ingasombululwa ngoncedo yayo. iinkcukacha ezibalulekileyo - ebaluleke kakhulu.

Umzekelo, abantu abane komzimba data ezixabisekileyo malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku imveliso. Kuba kumthengisi okanye bhanki - imo yoqoqosho ngexesha elinikiweyo. Ukuchana, ukufika, hetiseka ulwazi - ngundoqo luncedo kwayo, isiqinisekiso ukuba ukunceda umntu ukusombulula le ngxaki phambi kwabo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

eyaneleyo

Ukwanela - afanayo isiqulatho ulwazi kulindeleke ngokuthelekisa into iboniswe okanye senzeko. ukwanela Ngokubanzi - into efanayo ukuba ukungabi naxanasi zolwazi nokuthembeka kwayo.

Ngokomzekelo, nokwanela kwengcaciso. Ngomhla mbuzo umbala amagqabi, umntu onoxanduva - oluhlaza. Ukuba impendulo siluhlaza, omnyama, amagqabi ngeenxa zonke, njalo-njalo. E., Ulwazi wafumana ayikwazi ingqalelo eyaneleyo. Ngenxa yoko, nokwanela kwengcaciso - lichanekile, impendulo yalo mbuzo.

ukufumaneka

Ubukho - ukukwazi ukufumana ulwazi oluthile, ukuze phezu uthotho imisebenzi, equka ukuyifunda, hlela uze ukope ukuba ukusebenzisa ukusombulula iingxaki, iinkcukacha ezintsha.

Imizekelo Basic kwengcaciso ukuzaliseka umxholo wayo - monographs, izifundo, echazwe kule data ncwadi, ulwazi malunga nokusingqongileyo.

Ukuze othile, singathetha ngokufumaneka kwezopolitiko kunye nolwazi lwezoqoqosho kuluntu ngokubanzi, kodwa ke ukuba uthethe ngayo kunye inzaliseko akusoloko ngqiqweni.

Omnye umzekelo iphawulekayo ngokufumaneka kwengcaciso ingaba incwadi ebhalwe ngolwimi lweenkobe yomntu. Kodwa ukuba zibhalwe ngolwimi lwasemzini, Umntu ongaqhelekanga, ngoko ke ukufumaneka kolwazi oluqulethwe kuyo akusekho lula ukuba bathethe.

iziphumo

Kude kube ngoku, akukho nkcazelo olunye ulwazi ikota. indawo nganye lolwazi, zonke Scientist iphuhlisa ingqiqo yakhe kule kota. Ngokubanzi, ulwazi - na izalathisi, onengubo inani iipropati ezithile.

A iinkcukacha ngokupheleleyo - le yenye iipropati zalo ezisisiseko. Kunye naye bonisa ukufaneleka, ukuthembeka, ukufumaneka, ukungathathi icala, into eluncedo. Ezi mihlaba luluvo kakhulu, kwezinye iimeko, nokuba esicalanye.