North German Confederation. History of Germany

North German Confederation kwasekwa kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama amabini anamashumi amahlanu eyadlulayo yaye ludlale indima ebaluleke kakhulu lokusekwa wesizwe waseJamani. Inkqubo ukuvela wemfundo karhulumente kakhulu yincopho ubhalo feudalism kunye nokusekwa capitalism yamaphephandaba. I-Union idlale indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu kwimbali yehlabathi, ukwandisa ifuthe lonke Europe. Loo North waseJamani Confederation yaba sisandulela of the German Empire kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba - Reich lokuqala.

Ukudalwa North German Confederation: yangasemva

Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe eYurophu yaneka ingcamango hlanga-karhulumente. Uhlanga kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaqhelekileyo nongqondongqondo. Ngoxa imida yamazwe amaninzi ngokuxhomekeke isiphumo elite yayo sigqibo, ngokufuthi ngaphandle kokuthatha ingqalelo kuqamba yesizwe. Abantu German yahlulwe phakathi ezininzi ithi, imizi. maziko enkcubeko afumaneka eBavaria, eBerlin, Frankfurt kunye nezinye izixeko ezininzi. Noko ke, ngenxa kakubi i-ebizwa zesiJamani ihlabathi alwayo amabini amagunya - Austria Prussia. Ngexesha lokuhlasela UNapoleon ngayo abantu ngakumbi kuba kuxhotyiswa nengcamango ezisingise kwindibano yabantu German bengatshatanga. Nangona kunjalo, indima ebalulekileyo kubomi kwezentlalo nezopolitiko kusekho babe izinduna. Kubo, ukuqhekezwa ludlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa kwiimeko ezinjalo ukuba sinamalungelo mda yaye angakwazi ngokukhuselekileyo kunye ulawulo unaccountable phakathi izinto zabo.

ukunganeliseki

Kodwa le meko oluhambisana asakhulayo ongxowankulu. Abanini ubunini wabucala iindlela zemveliso ukhangela iimarike ezintsha. Inani elikhulu States kwaye, ngenxa yoko, imida nzima inkqubo. Xa izinto kule klasi iye sigqityiwe umanyano amasiko phakathi izixeko ezininzi German, kodwa ukunganeliseki yaya ikhula ngokukhula.

ukubona kakuhle yonke le nkqubo, kwakunye nokubane umzekelo amava namazwe angabamelwane eYurophu, Prussia kunye Austria esiya yokumanya kumazwe Isijamani. Nangona kunjalo, i-Austria onamandla a ukuthembeka kakhulu, ingakumbi kumantla komlambo Main. Kwaye Prussia ndandibuthathaka kakhulu ukumelana ezibambe ezinjalo. Apha kule kwezopolitiko ubonakala Otto von Bismarck. Germany ufumbethe kulo mgaqo-nkqubo, ekubeni yena a look entsha kwi iingxaki wafumanisa oko.

Oohlohlesakhe sele izimele yaye ngoku afuna kumanyano lwezopolitiko. Prussia waqala ukulungiselela imfazwe. Bismarck ngomonde wadala umkhosi, ubugcisa obutsha anikwe kunye neendlela zale mihla imfazwe. Wayesazi ukuba ukuphumeza iinjongo zomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kulwa Austria. Xa umkhosi swi lunghekile, kwakukho isihlandlo esinye kuphela.

Isifo yemfazwe

Emva kokuba uloyiso emfazweni Danish Prussia kunye Austria yahlulwa phakathi iindawo ezinkulu. Ingakumbi, zarhwebisana Schleswig kunye Gastein. Kulo mzekelo, isivumelwano kwakunzima gqitha. Zombini ezi meko banelungelo kule mimandla, kwaye bobabini apho kwangaphambili. Oku wathabatha ithuba Bismarck. Germany e ngakumbi nangakumbi eli xesha wavakalelwa impembelelo ukusasazeka Prussia.

"Iron Chancellor" (igama lesiqhulo Bismarck) waqalisa ukuba ngenkuthalo babange amalungelo abo ukuya kummandla ingxabano. Austria uMlawuli waqonda ngamampunge lelifa Gastein, njengoko mmandla wanqanyulwa ubukhosi. Ngoko ngokuzithandela waya thethwano. Austria benyusa ngokwemiqathango kakuhle Kwathi kwintsimi Prussia. Noko ke, Bismarck wala. Lo mlawuli koko waqalisa ukufuna sibeth` ikhwelo imfazwe ezayo. Future North German Confederation yayisele esicaciswe. amazwe amaninzi entla Main yamanyana mdibaniso anti-Austria.

Ungcono Prussia

Bismarck kwakhona bakwazi ukugqiba umfelandawonye Italy. Waqalisa shushu imeko kwimimandla phikisa, ebangela uBukhosi ukuvakalisa imfazwe. Ngenxa yoko, imikhosi Prussia ahlala Gastein. kwalwa phakathi ku-Juni. Le backwardness lobuchule yomkhosi waseOstriya akazange avumele ukuba alungiselele lokuzithethelela ngempumelelo. States abaninzi baye ixesha viva, phambi kokuba yathimba imihlaba ka-Prussia. Kwakhona, kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe kuyo kuquka Italy. Impi mabini fronts, kwakunye technical ukongama yotshaba akazange anikezele Austria nethuba. Imfazwe iphumelele kwiiveki ezisixhenxe. Ukudalwa the North German Confederation wenza kube lula ukufumana iziko elitsha "ihlabathi isiJamani".

ahlula

Emva umbane yoloyiso Prussia waqala ukuthatha phezu kwintsimi ngakumbi nangakumbi. amazwe amaninzi aye athi cala, ngazo ngexesha kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe. Phantsi yengcinezelo oongxowankulu bathelela kwizixeko ezininzi apha ngasezantsi Main. imida Vula, ukungabikho kwemisebenzi kunye ethembekile nomthetho abarhwebi ukuba i North German Confederation ukuba ibenomtsalane kakhulu abanini propati yabucala kwi iindlela zemveliso. Kwakhona, urhulumente uye wakhuthaza ngokubonakalayo ingcamango epanini-German ubunye nobuzalwana oko kuluncedo umfanekiselo uManyano abantu abaqhelekileyo.

I union lokugqibela

North German Confederation ne-Prussia kwakhokelela krepnul yonke imihla. Waqalisa bango onke amazwe German. imifela ezahlukeneyo zomkhosi ekuthiwa-States (xa kuthelekiswa emlanjeni Main) kugqityiwe. Kodwa akwanelanga ukuba entry egcwele zibe Union. Ngoko ke Bismarck ukhulelwe impi entsha. Imbali German kuhlangene ne-France ngokwemiqathango nomzabalazo ukubalasela kule ngingqi. Ngoko ke, emva kweminyaka embalwa eParis uqalisa uxinzelelo kwi uKhesare Wilhelm. Isizathu ngokusesikweni ngokuba imfazwe le ngxaki iSpanish apho France kunye North German Confederation inkxaso abagqatswa ezahlukeneyo ukuya etroneni. Phezu kwayo nje imigudu eQonce ukuthintela igazi, yaye wabangela imfazwe. Njengoko Austria-Prussia, waqala ehlotyeni. emva konyaka omnye, umkhosi French woyiswa, yaye ekugqibeleni manyano onamathele onke amazwe German. History of Germany, oko kwifomu sikhona ngoku, ukususela kuloo mzuzu.