TU-143: imbali kwendalo. Inkcazelo yokwakha

Imfuneko nobuhlakani emva imigca utshaba kwiminyaka yoo-ngamahlanu, ngexesha ekuqaleni longquzulwano phakathi United States eSoviet Union for kwindawo evelele ehlabathini, liqaphele ukubaluleka moya yaqonda. Ngoku ezethu izixhobo swi na inkonzo kunye kumazwe amaninzi yehlabathi kunye nenani olukhulayo yayo. Kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba khona moya "smart", ezisetyenziswa kude kube ngoku, yaba eSoviet Union, ukudala izithuthi kwesimo ebalaseleyo njengoko TU-123, TU-143, TU-141.

Njani ukuba kwaqala?

ukusetyenziswa lwasekuqaleni izithuthi yaqonda ngohlobo iibhaloni ukuhambisa neebhombu amajoni Austrian bayingqinga eVenice ke umhla kunyaka 1849. Kwisiqingatha senkulungwane, Nikola Tesla yenzelwe kwaye yaphunyezwa practice, isikhephe elawulwa radio-. Yaye ngo-1910 lwakwakhiwa US injineli zomkhosi Charles Kettering kwaye yavavanyelwa iimeko ezininzi yaqonda iinqwelo-moya ezonga (UAVs), kodwa isicelo elisebenzisekayo asinakufumana.

Banesifo babeba kuphuhliso esebenza technology self-elawulwa kwi-UK. Ngaxeshanye kunye nale fyabo, eSoviet Union umyili Nikitin wadala inomzimba isiwuza nkqu ziyilelwe inomzimba uluhlu-100 km, kodwa ihleli ephepheni. Ngowe-1940, izazinzulu isiJamani baye iza enomjukujelwa, esetyenziswa kuqala ukulwa, kunye injini ye jet.

Kwaba kuphela emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi waqalisa iingalo ngokobuhlanga kwicandelo yaqonda phakathi amazwe Warsaw Pact kunye NATO, ngenxa yokuba apho kukho isasetyenziswa nangoku UAVs, kuquka "Flight" TU-143.

Kuneyokuqala UAV "Flight"

Ngowe-1956, amazwe koMbutho Warsaw Pact imikhosi encedisayo wangena iHungary ukucinezela iingcamango anti-yobukomanisi. Kwangaxesha nye Tupolev wadala backroom "K", ogama msebenzi ukuba ziphuhlise imveliso "C". Emva konyaka, iBhunga labaPhathiswa USSR on Aviation imibandela ucingo efika ihlelwa "iyimfihlo" kwi ukulungela yeflayithi izinto zovavanyo "C" kwikota yesine ka-1958.

Phantsi indalo imveliso zombhalo UAV efihlakeleyo. nokuphuhlisa loo yeharim AN Tupolev. imveliso ngokufihlakeleyo monoplane yentsimbi imilo iphiko kutshayelwa. Kungekudala iprojekthi wayelungele yokothuka iinkqubo yaqonda esikwaziyo kumgama-10 amawaka. Km lokuhambisa izixhobo zenyukliya, kodwa ayizange zimiliselwe umyalelo NS Khrushchev.

izixhobo Intelligence self-okulinga "Hawk" TU-123, nto leyo eyaba owandulela lo TU-143, wenza moya yayo yokuqala ngo-1961. Ngokungafaniyo moya ukuhlasela, oku kuqala inxenye yobume waba izixhobo ubukrelekrele, kunokuba umntu warhead yenyukliya.

Ukungafezeki "Hawk" kwaye umyalelo 'Reis "

A kunzima yokuqala ezichongiweyo kwiimvavanyo TU-123 ubushushu steel fotolyuki ethe-ethe kwi ngesantya moya ka-2700 km / h ligutyungelwe ukuqhekeka. Le ngxaki, iinjineli Soviet wagqiba ukusebenzisa nokuthengwa aseBrazil intlabathi zwi benze lokusetyenziswa kwayo nezixhobo zonyango. Ivela kule aphila kwafunyanwa iglasi ubushushu-ukumelana, uze imifanekiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Amaphutha yesibini iye uyilo abangafezekanga "Hawk", nto leyo igcinwe isebenza kuphela gumbi isixhobo, abanye UAV baba elahlwayo. iinkokheli lizwe bayayiqonda imfuneko yophuhliso umntu okrelekrele oluntsonkothileyo yaqonda kuhlangulwa. Waye kamva owaziwa ngelika "Flight" TU-143. Imbali kwi UAV iqala kokungena imikhosi eManyeneyo ukuya behlupheka nengxelo enesihlwitha eSoviet Union a Tupolev omtsha umsebenzi malunga kwesakhiwo ophula a UAV sokuhlola.

Ukudalwa "Reis"

Sebenza ekuphunyezweni zokuthengwa omtsha kummandla UAVs kudlule ngokukhawuleza. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, "Flight" sele wenza moya yayo yokuqala. Emva kweminyaka 4 iimvavanyo kunye nokuphuculwa, ngo-1976, yamisela wamkelwe nomkhosi. Ulawulo olusebenzayo ubukrelekrele Committe - njengoba ebonakala kwi imikhosi TU-143. Ukuveliswa AMAGQABAZA ▸ in inani iziqwenga ezili-10 zaye kuthengiswa Bashkiria ngo-1973. Kungekudala waqalisa imveliso lothotho inani kwisakhiwo esitsha. Iminyaka 10 (de-1980) luvelise iyonke lamaqhosha 950.

Ukukhutshwa isakhiwo iye yaqaphela iinguqulelo ezimbini: eyokuqala - kunye nezixhobo yokuthathwa; owesibini - kunye umabonwakude. Ukongeza, i-UAV yafakwa nga Ubhaqo radiation. Ngowe-1985, ngokusekelwe iinjineli "Reis" Tupolev udale ekujoliswe abadlula ngempumelelo iimvavanyo karhulumente.

Invulnerability zokuzikhusela air - eli umsebenzi osemqoka TU-143. Axhobe amazwe 6 "Flight": waseUSSR, Iraq, eCzechoslovakia, Bulgaria, eSiriya, Romania. Ke kaloku yena Ukraine naseRashiya.

nomgomo

Ngexesha Tactical flight kwesimo ezintsonkothileyo wavelisa iifoto kakuhle indawo nokugcina data kwi negative. Ngokuba imisebenzi zokusebenza ezisetyenziswa Tu-143 izixhobo TV. Zombini ezi ntlobo intelligence imisebenzi lwenziwa ngexesha lasemini. Umgama egqiba ubunzulu elalana le UAV kwi ngasemva utshaba, luphawulwa izikhombisi kwi km 60-70.

I 'moya' lo kukwanzima nokuba nzima:

• Ukususela nge-self-ngokwaso ngesantya umoya ongekho ngaphezulu kwe-15 m / s.
• Mission Control kunye uncedo ekumatshini kwi-kwibhodi system (Absu).
• Inokwenziwa iindlela moya.
• Uqokelelo kunye nolondolozo weengqondi ngoncedo Izixhobo zokufota kunye nomabonakude.
• Ukuba nokwenzeka yokufumanisa bume yemisebe.
• Ukuhanjiswa data kwindawo elinikiweyo kwaye ngokusebenzisa isitishi serediyo nezithuba umyalelo emhlabeni.

TU-143: Inkcazo yokwakha

UAV "Flight" uye iipropati radiozametnosti ezizodwa. LT Kulikov, omnye abayili eziphambili wangxamela ukuba wenze ukhuseleko olukhethekileyo. Kiel, iingcebiso iphiko, isingxobo iparashute, impumlo -moya ezenziwe ngezinto non-zalo. Kuyenzeka ukuphumeza invulnerability intelligence ezintsonkothileyo.

Ngokwemo, lo fuselage izixhobo siquka namacandelo amane: isaphetha, izixhobo ekwinqwelo, itanki yamafutha, i-nacelle injini kunye kwisikhongozeli iparashute. Xa kuqala inxenye eliqhele isixhobo sokuhlola. Eli gumbi yenziwe fiberglass kwaye libonelela fotolyuka.

amazwe UAV enamavili ngenxa ebikhona amagiya. inkxaso Front ilele kwindawo yesibini, kunye nezinye ezimbini ziyafumaneka kwi enqwelwaneni etikweni. Waqhekeza kunye nokutyala Sib yenzelwe damping isantya elakhiwe oxwesileyo kunye nkqo.

ukuxhaphaza

Kwesimo complex esetyenziswa Afghanistan kunye imfazwe eLebhanon. Emva kokuwa yiSoviet Union inani elikhulu UAVs sala kummandla Ukraine.

Ngowe-2001 waba imeko ebuhlungu usebenzisa TR-143 ukulungiselela iinjongo zoqeqesho njengetekeni. Airliner TU-154 ingqubene xa, yabulala abantu abamalunga nama-80. Isizathu yaba hit enomjukujelwa elingenzi nto eyenzelwe UAV "Flight."

Jonga Tu-143 (mizekelo), njengokuba imiboniso ezigcinwe kunokwenzeka kwiindawo ezinjalo:

• I Aviation Museum e Kiev.
• Museum izixhobo zomkhosi kunye nezixhobo Spadshchansky Forest.
• Kwisixeko Khmelnitsky.
• Prague Aviation Museum.
• Museum. YiSakharov.
• Central Airport eMoscow.
• Museum of the Force Air e Monino.

TU-143: LTH

• Weight - 1230 kg.
• Ubude - 8.06 m.
• Height - 1,545 m.
• Wing Span - 2.24 m.
• Wing Area - 2.9 m ^2.
• Ubuncinane yehla - 10 leemitha.
• ixesha moya - imizuzu-13.
• Uhlobo injini - TRD TR3-117.
• Ubunzulu intshukumo - 95 km.
• santya siphezulu - 950 km / h.