Otto von Bismarck: Indlela ye Iron Chancellor

Otto von Bismarck i laseburhulumenteni owaziwayo waseJamani. Wazalwa ngo-1815 e-Shonhauzene. Otto von Bismarck wafumana isidanga sakhe umthetho. Yena ulibamba united Landtag kakhulu mva Prussia (1847-1848 GG.), Yaye wadlala ukuba ingcinezelo kakubi naziphi na izenzo yotshintsho olululo.

Kwisithuba esiphakathi ko-1851-1859 Bismarck wamela Prussia Bundestag (Frankfurt). Ukususela 1859 neminyaka 1862-th, wathunyelwa eRashiya njenge njengonozakuzaku, kwaye ngo-1862 - eFransi. Kulo nyaka Korol Vilgelm of I emva ungquzulwano siseko phakathi kwakhe Bismarck Landtag umisela kwisikhundla sokuba uMongameli umphathiswa. Kule sikhundla wayezithethelela amalungelo umbuso kwaye ekusombululeni ingxabano ubabalo yayo.

Kule 60s, nangona-siseko kunye namalungelo mali ye-Landtag, Otto von Bismarck iinguqu umkhosi, nelenyuse kakhulu amandla Prussia emkhosini. Ngowe-1863 esungula isivumelwano kunye noRhulumente Russian phezu imisebenzi edibeneyo phezu kwezithandani kwe wombhodamo ePoland.

Exhaswa yi umatshini Prussia emkhosini, oko uwugcinayo ubunye eJamani ngenxa ye-Danish (1864), Austria-Prussia (1866) kunye Franco-Prussia (1870-1871) Iimfazwe. Ngowe-1871 Bismarck ufumana isithuba yingqonyela koBukhosi German. Kulo nyaka mnye uye aid elibonakalayo French kwi kwezithandani ka Paris Thethani. Ukuthatha ithuba amalungelo ayo ebanzi kakhulu, Chancellor Otto von Bismarck ngandlela zonke bya le indawo kwi imeko yoohlohlesakhe-Junker block.

Kule 70s wayethetha nxamnye iqela yamaKatolika kunye namabango inkcaso zoomabhalana particularist, zixhaswa yi nguPopu Pius IX (Kulturkampf). Ngowe-1878-m Iron Chancellor Otto von Bismarck isicelo kuphela ngumthetho (ngokuchasene neenjongo eziyingozi yingozi) ukuya Socialist kunye nenkqubo yabo. Lo mthetho sinqanda imisebenzi zamaqela Social-Democratic ngaphandle Umxhesho kunye Reichstag.

Zonke wabahlali ka-Chancellor Bismarck wazama ukuthintela flywheel yombutho wabasebenzi yotshintsho olululo. Urhulumente lwakhe bakhuthalele zicinezelwa intshukumo yesizwe kwintsimi Polish ezibe yinxalenye eJamani. Omnye zokumelana yaba Germanization iyonke yabemi. Tshansela urhulumente kumdla ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba enkulu kunye Junkers wenziwe nkqubo protectionist.

nkqubo Otto von Bismarck kaThixo angaphandle zingundoqo ingqalelo amanyathelo okuthintela impindezelo waseFransi emva kokoyiswa lunalo Franco-Prussia War. Ngoko ke, yena ukulungiselela ungquzulwano entsha lizwe phambi kokuba uyakwazi ukubuyisela umkhosi walo. Urhulumente French emfazweni odlulileyo, walahlekelwa kwezoqoqosho kummandla ebaluleke kakhulu Lorraine kunye Alsace.

Bismarck boyika kakhulu ukuba mdibaniso anti-German iza kwenziwa. Ngoko ke, ngo-1873 esungula ukusayinwa i "Union of uMlawuli Three" (phakathi eJamani, Austria-Hungary, Russia). Ngowe-1979 Bismarck waqukumbela le manyano ezimbini, yaye ngo-1882 - Triple Alliance (Italy, eJamani, Austria-Hungary), nto leyo xandzukela eFransi. Nangona kunjalo, lo yingqonyela boyika imfazwe kwi miba mibini. Ngowe-1887 yena sasayinwa Russia "kwesibophelelo reinsurance."

Kwizangqa Ngasekupheleni-80 militarist yaseJamani baqale nxamnye uBukhosi Russian imfazwe zothintelo, kodwa Bismarck ingqalelo olu ngquzulwano kuyingozi kakhulu elizweni. Noko ke, kwii-eJamani on the Balkan Peninsula kunye nenguquko apho izinto Austria-Hungarian, kwakunye namanyathelo nxamnye Russian ezithunyelwa ubudlelwane oniwe phakathi States, nto leyo eye yakhokelela ukuba Ukuhlanganiswa isiFrentshi, Russian.

Chancellor wazama ukuba sisondele eBritani, kodwa akazange aqonde ubunzulu ezingangqinelaniyo ekhoyo le lizwe. Ekudibaneni kwe-izilangazelelo Anglo-German ngenxa yokwanda bamaNgesi kwakhokelela ukonakala kweendlela ubudlelwane phakathi kwamazwe. ukusilela yakutshanje nkqubo angaphandle kunye nokungaphumeleli ukulwa lo mbuso kwakhokelela yokurhoxa Bismarck ngo-1890. Wafa yakhe emva kweminyaka 8 emva koko.