Njengoko oosomajukujuku ke kwakuhlambela kulo emajukujukwini? zangasese izixhobo zangaphandle

Eli nqaku isixelela ngendlela oosomajukujuku ukuya ngasese isithuba kwaye uthathe ishawa, kwakunye uyintoni amalungiselelo ugutyulo isithuba kunye namanzi abalekayo.

space

engama-55 edlulileyo iye kuthi, njengoko iphupho izazinzulu ezininzi - umntu ebaleka yokuqala isithuba, bebaleka ngaphaya iplanethi yethu.

Kamva, xa kwabonakala ukuba ukujikeleza koMhlaba kakhulu kunokwenzeka yaye kuyimfuneko ukwandisa izikhululo zophando, zonke iintlanga isithuba-ndlela- saqala uyilo lwabo nophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu iiprojekthi ezinjalo ukugqiba ukuba afumane kuphela US kunye USSR. Kamva wadalwa kunye ISS - Station Space International. kungekudala uza kubhiyozela iminyaka engamashumi yobomi nkonzo.

Kodwa ISS - asiyiyo yokuqala into yokuba, eyenzelwe ixesha elide kwabantu yokuhlala, yaye ngenxa yoko yonke into efunekayo ukuze ubomi obutofotofo noko oosomajukujuku kunye nokugcina imisebenzi yabo kubalulekile, kuquka iyunithi nesempilweni. Kwaye umbuzo ubuncwane ukuba zingaqondwa weva ebantwini ndingenakwazi; indlela oosomajukujuku ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela esithubeni? Oku koko siza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

sazala

Esi sihloko azifane kuvela iingxelo oosomajukujuku, iifilimu yenzululwazi kunye neencwadi, kwaye kumnandi. Xa imisebenzi yobugcisa ngokubanzi badla ngoyaba iinkcukacha alale. Ngokufuthi uyakwazi ukufumana iincwadi ngendlela abahloli enesibindi yonke ukusuka kwixesha elizayo kwi iisuti zomkhosi okanye yenzululwazi ezininzi iiyure. Ngaphandle uju yomxholo, yangasese isithuba - isixhobo entsonkothileyo zeteknoloji, lo mgaqo kunye nesakhiwo ukuvela iingqondo ngopfu zobunjineli. Kwaye - hayi ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Eyona nto kukuba kwizitishi Orbital kunye iziphekepheke kodwa akanako ukwenza womxhuzulane ngumntu, yaye ingxaki yangasese indawo yondele ngemihla ekuqaleni ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Eneneni, xa kungekho imikhosi enomtsalane inkunkuma engamanzi yabantu nje uwuchithachithele lamagumbi kwaye kungadala short circuit okanye amanqaku kwenkqubo air kwegazi.

Njengoko oosomajukujuku ke kwakuhlambela kulo emajukujukwini? Enyanisweni, yonke into elula. Zangasese zicwangciswe ngokungqinelana nomgaqo le vacuum cleaner - inkunkuma ukumvumela yi xi lomoya elibi kwaye kufakwa kwinkqubo recirculation. Kodwa khangela isixhobo zabo zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Izixhobo zangasese ISS

Lokuhlambela kwisikhululo space - kuba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kakhulu, kunye neenkqubo moya okanye thermoregulatory. Ukuba ayiwenzi, ukusetyenziswa obuqhubekekayo isikhululo neza kukhubazeka. Noko ke, iimeko ezinjalo ziye nto ihlileyo, kwaye oosomajukujuku indlu yangasese isixhobo spare compact. Kodwa ingozi lilele kukuba isithuba ayikwazi ukuvula ifestile, ndimlahlele phandle yonke inkunkuma pholisa igumbi ukusuka ivumba elibi. Ngoko ke makhe sihlolisise lo mbuzo njani oosomajukujuku ukuya ngasese indawo iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

ISS uye izindlu zangasese abathathu, ababini kubo - ngokwenziwa Russian. Zangasese ezifanelekileyo amalungu azo crew amadoda namabhinqa. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, basebenza kumgaqo isicoci lwepolitiki, owanyayo ekucoceni yonke inkunkuma kunye ungasivumeli ukuba ndibachithachithe kuloo lamagumbi ze esitishini. Ngoko izinto ezingasafunekiyo kungena kumjikelo we-processing kwenkqubo, apho bafumana ukusela kunye namanzi yobugcisa kunye oksijini.

Kakade ke, iyunithi ecocekileyo kwi-ISS kunye yangasese zahluke kakhulu Earth. Okokuqala zonke ebusweni lwezibophelelo kuba iinyawo (ukuya usomajukujuku akayi kubaleka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu) kunye nabanini ekhethekileyo esinqeni. Endaweni basebenzisa into elapha amanzi, nto leyo yadika yonke inkunkuma. Emva kokuba umjikelo zokucoca, inkunkuma eseleyo buthathwa kwizikhongozeli eneemfuno ezizodwa njengoko bafudukela ukugcwalisa enye iinqanawa imithwalo ukuze isetyenziswe kwakhona. Ngoku siyazi indlela oosomajukujuku ukuya kwindlu yangasese esithubeni. Kodwa kuthekani ukuba usomajukujuku ufuna ukusebenzisa indlu yangasese xa isiphekepheke, kodwa hayi kwi kwisikhululo?

zangasese baxhomekeka

Ubaleko emkhombeni isithuba kwaye docking kunye ISS - oko ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha oosomajukujuku kufuneka uhlale kwi ukulungele-to-ngokusesikweni irula kakhulu ixesha elide, kwaye wenza kunye olawula inkqubo irhuqa phezu for inqwaba iiyure. Kakade ke, akukho mntu esinengqondo awukwazi ukunyamezela kakhulu ngaphandle kokuya kwindlu yangasese. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuqalisa Oosomajukujuku bazinxibela ntoni iisuti isithuba phantsi amanabukeni ezizodwa. ilungiselelo iziphekepheke into enjalo ephelisa isithuba nokudalwa eyahlukileyo, nkqu yangasese kakhulu elula, bekungalunganga.

Ukuba uceba ukuba ubukho elide ababekhwele kweso sikhephe, njengoko kwakunjalo kwiminyaka yokuqala, xa isikhululo isithuba akakho, ngoko sebenzisa imidlalo lokuhlambela ezikhethekileyo - ithumbu abongi kunye nemilomo eluhlobo yimingxuma. Uxinzelelo ezigxekayo emoyeni leyo idala ukuwutyhalela, inkunkuma eqinileyo buthathwa iinkonkxa inkunkuma kunye ulwelo betekisi ngaphandle enqanaweni.

Indlela ekucoceni oosomajukujuku?

Ekuqaleni, lo abahloli isithuba wenza ngaphandle iinkqubo manzi. Basebenzisa usula manzi. Kodwa xa kwakhiwa wazibeka orbit kwisikhululo kwindawo yokuqala, ukuba ifakelwe ishawa. Inkqubo air ukusasazwa ukususela lavalwa, kwaye ukusuka amavumba nendaba ukuphelisa kunzima, ngoko oosomajukujuku kufuneka sigcine iso lwezempilo. Hayi indima yokugqibela iya kudlalwa kwaye nentuthuzelo ngokwasengqondweni - enyanisweni ibe mdaka akukho mntu uthanda. Ekubeni kuhlamba oosomajukujuku?

izikhululo ishawa ezahlukileyo, kwaye ke phezu iinqanawa apho. Yaye amava abonakalise ukuba ulwakhiwo kubo akunakwenzeka. ezizodwa lula wokuhlamba ishampu osetyenziselwa ukuhlamba, usula ezimanzi kunye zohlobo lwe amanzi. Ngenxa indawo kwempixano kubhaliwe kakhulu ngokuqinileyo ngomhla izidumbu zabantu, yaye ke ngoko itawuli nje. Kakade ke, nayo le uhlamba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuthelekisa, kodwa luluvo olulungileyo kunye nendlela ukunceda ukumelana ungcoliseko zendalo komzimba womntu.

"Skylab"

Esi sikhululo space liye lahlala kwindledlana malunga neminyaka emi-6, yaye emva koko wathunyelwa basebenzi koMhlaba, apho elinyukayo ngokukhuselekileyo. Nangona ngokupheleleyo, yaye ezinye izakhi zawo akakafiki komhlaba. A langutana ni le sikhululo yi isixa esikhulu isithuba simahla kunye ishawa.

Modern Space Station - indawo apho isetyenziswa zonke kwikona engenzi nto isithuba. Kodwa "Skylab" into zizakubalulwa imilinganiso yalo yangaphakathi. Baba ezinjalo ukuba oosomajukujuku ngexesha bamthethela Easy ukubhabha ukusuka eludongeni ukuya komnye yaye ngokubanzi kuqatshelwe ukuba umthamo lwangaphakathi free kakhulu kunene. Kuyinto kwesi sikhululo waba ishawa, Kakade, yala maxesha ukuba iimeko zokunqongophala womxhuzulane.

"The World"

Ishawa ababenazo kwisikhululo "Mir". Kodwa station space yanamhlanje ISS abanalo, kuba uthatha isiphango kwindledlana - akukho nto inye, ukuba unyango amanzi ehlabathini. Inkqubo kwalibaziseka kakhulu ngenxa yobunzima ezahlukeneyo kunye oosomajukujuku kunqabile isixhobo kwakumnandi ugwebe iitawuli osula emanzi. Ngaphezu koko, akukho bumdaka esitishini, kuba ulusu ibhuqiwe ngaphantsi kakhulu on Earth.

iingxaki Free eUnited States eSoviet Union

Igama usomajukujuku lokuqala embalini yoluntu, mhlawumbi, wonke umntu uyazi. Kodwa apha igama leyesibini yaziwa ukuba bonke. Kwazo kwakukho American Alan Apha ndingumhambi. Kwaye iingxaki yangasese yokuqala izitha zethu endala kugqatso isithuba waqala ngoMeyi 5, 1961 phambi kokuba bekusungulwa ngexabiso kunye Apha ndingumhambi.

Alan, lowo ngelo xesha wayesele kwi isuti ngaphezu kweeyure ezingama-8 waza waxelela nomsebenzisi ukuba ngokwenene kwakufuneka ukundwendwela yangasese. Kodwa ukuphazamisa uqeqesho ukuqala, ukondla nenqaba inkonzo emkhombeni, uze wenze kumalungiselelo Yayingekho. Loo meko kuya kubangela ukutshintshwa-moya. Ngenxa yoko, ndingumhambi kwafuneka ukubhiyozela imfuneko encinane ekunene kwi isuti. Iinjineli babesoyika ukuba oku kuya kukhokelela kwisiphaluka elifutshane kunye nokungaphumeleli uninzi boluvo telemetry, kodwa ngethamsanqa akuzange kwenzeke.

Kodwa ukundiza Gagarin kaThixo kwacetywa ngcono. Nangona wahlala imizuzu 108 kuphela, inqanawa yakhe mayixhotyiswe isixhobo yokuxhela ekhethekileyo ngohlobo ithumbu bhetyebhetye kunye ifanele, leyo yadika inkunkuma. Noko ke, ayaziwa ukuba bathabatha Gagarin.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, yangasese isithuba - oku sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle apho bekuya kuba nzima ukufumana oosomajukujuku elide Earth orbit. Nangona lula emananga, ukuba izibalo zabo ezinkulu kakhulu ichithwe ukuyila kunye nozalisekiso. Umzekelo, indlu yangasese, nto leyo wayalela baseMerika kwisigaba lunalo ISS eRashiya, alahlekelwe $ 19 ezigidi. Kodwa ngexesha spacewalks abantu bayanyanzelwa ukuba basebenzise ukucupha ezizodwa, kuba ngamanye amaxesha asebenze ngaphandle iinqanawa ISS okanye kunaba iiyure ezininzi.

Kwaye khumbula iinkcukacha unappetizing ukuba ungathanda ukuba kusimangalise ukuthabatheka kakhulu iintatheli oosomajukujuku: onke amanxuwa ukungena kwinkqubo ri, apho ukwenza amanzi neoksijini ukutyiwa ngakumbi. Kodwa ke nawuphi na umsebenzi esinzulu kufuna umbingelelo, kwaye oosomajukujuku bazimisele ukuya ubude ezikhulu ngenxa yamaphupha abo.