Sergey Alexeev, "Imbali serf boy": Isishwankathelo

Njengoko waziwa, kuBukhosi Russian kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi kwakukho into nelo ebukhobokeni. Yayibizwa ngokuba serfdom. Kule nqaba abantu abaqhelekileyo abaye nje musa unethamsanqa ukuba wazalwa yintsapho yamahlwempu.

Umbhali ezaziwayo-kakuhle Sergey Alekseev malinikelwe kulo mbandela ibali lakhe "Imbali serf inkwenkwe." Isishwankathelo umsebenzi makhe ukufumana uze ufunde ngobomi boMdali wayo.

Umbhali Russian Alekseev

Sergey Petrovich Alekseev uninzi lobomi bakhe ezisingelwe ekubhaleni zabantwana kunye neencwadi zembali. Ayimangalisi loo nto, kuba yena wazalwa ngendlela ubugqirha usapho intellectual (1922).

Ngenxa yokuba uyise umkhwa kwilali kwiphondo Pliska Kiev (namhlanje ummandla Ukraine), umbhali elizayo ukususela ebuntwaneni ukunxibelelana abalimi kwaye kungabi uluve azi iingxaki zabo.

Xa Alexeyev wajika-10, abazali bakhe bafudukela eMoscow, apho waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. umfana lokufuna ndandifuna ukuba pilot, leyo wangena isikolo Aviation lwesixeko ukubeka (ngoku kummandla Belarus) ngo-1940

Ukususela ekuqaleni Enkulu Patriotic Sergey Alexeev, kunye nezinye kabini yadluliselwa Orenburg Flying School. Ukuphila Orenburg, Alexeyev waba nomdla imbali ngaxeshanye kunye nesikolo baba inxaxheba kwizifundo ngokuhlwa isebe imbali ekholejini utitshala wasekuhlaleni.

Emva kokuphumelela, lo mfana waqala ukufundisa kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokwenzakala ebudeni ibhabha uqeqesho, ukuba kungekudala kwanyanzeleka ukuba baphume Aeronautics and yaqala ukubhala.

Ekuqaleni, umbhali elizayo ukuba ukuhlela umsebenzi nabanye abantu, kwaye ngo-1955 waqala ukuzivakalisa ezabo. imisebenzi yakhe ziye zanikwa amabhaso ezininzi (State Prize waseUSSR, uLenin Komsomol Prize, iDiploma G. H. Andersena), kunye iguqulelwe kwiilwimi-50.

Lo mxholo uyilo Sergeya Alekseeva waye nembali yamajoni yoBukhosi Russian ukususela kwinkulungwane XVI phakathi.

Iincwadi edume lo mbhali - "One Hundred Amabali kwimbali Russian", "Amagama Enkulu", "Imbali serf boy" (isishwankathelo lwezahluko VI - amanqaku IX), "Tales ka Suvorov kunye namajoni Russian" kunye nabanye.

Sergey Petrovich wafa ngo May 2008 eneminyaka engama-86. engcwabeni lakhe kumangcwaba ka Peredelkino, apho namhlanje iingcali unako ukubeka iintyatyambo.

Tale "Imbali serf boy"

Xa umsebenzi Alekseev iziganeko badla zembali ziboniswa nge azibona ngayo abantwana. Ngokomzekelo, kwincwadi ethi "The Life and Death Grishatki Sokolova" ithetha kwimvukelo Pugachev lonke ibali le nkwenkwe, ukuthatha inxaxheba kuyo.

Kodwa ke, eli bali nto iphawulekayo olu hlobo lo "Imbali serf boy" (isishwankathelo - ngo-VI - amanqaku IX).

kupapashwa kuqala lo msebenzi ngo-1958 luze lumakishwe ukuvela lombhali entsha mbali kwiincwadi abantwana.

Isakhiwo sebali

Le ncwadi iqulathe izahluko ezine. Ngamnye kubo ichaza ixesha isixhaso ophambili kwenye host. Ukongezelela, isahluko ngasinye yahlulwe ezininzi: "Eli nenekazi YamaSilamsi Ermolaevna" (7), "Dasha" (12) "Guards uLieutenant" (8) "UYehova ulungile, '(7).

indaba yangasemva

Phambi kokuba ucinge isishwankathelo ethi "Imbali serf boy" Kubalulekile ukwazi ixesha zembali apho zonke iziganeko zenzeka.

Ixesha elibekiweyo angacuthwa nexesha 80 kweye-- ekuqaleni 90 imi--. ngekhulu XVIII. Oku kungqinwa yinto yokuba Mitya Myshkin udibana nomntu elalikade umkhosi labavukeli ka Emelyana pugacheva, kwakunye wayeyinkokeli yasemkhosini omkhulu Aleksandrom Suvorovym kwi kuthinjwe kaIshmayeli. Phambi ukupheliswa serfdom (1861) kangangeminyaka engama-70, nto leyo ithetha udidi lwekhoboka of Imperial Russia (wasinda yadamba emva Pugachev) nje kuphela akakuthabathi nqaba ibe ngabantu, kodwa babaphatha kanzima kwalo. Kungenzeka, le nto eli xesha lwakhethwa Alexeyev, ukubonisa zonke ezinezothe serfdom.

Ophambili wencwadi

Phambi aziqhelanise isishwankathelo sebali "Imbali serf boy" Kubalulekile ukufumana ngaphandle okuninzi malunga ngomlinganiswa wakhe uphambili.

Ngesakhiwo ijolise bayahlelwa kid iminyaka elishumi ogama Dmitriy (Mitya) Myshkin lali Zakopanka. Nangona ubudala bakhe kunye nokungabikho kwemfundo, yena onengqondo, wasisebenzisa nibe ngamakroti. Ngelo xesha ke inkwenkwe ingqiqo esikhathazayo yesidima nobulungisa. Ukulungele ukunceda umntu dear, nokuba oko kuthetha ukubeka ubomi babo.

ixesha nganye, kumnandi ukuya kubukela inkosi entsha, yena ivela njenge, ukufunda kwiimpazamo zamandulo. Ngenxa oku kwizahluko zokugqibela Mitya okunene sele ukhetha iqela lasekhaya.

Kubalulekile uzinikelo ukuphawula, ezinako lo mfana. Ngoko ke, uphindezela ukufa intombi yakhe Dasha, uyitshisa ephila kulo unetyala. A lib phezu Vyazemsky sombutho, inkwenkwe siyakrazula kwakhe edabini. Noko ke, xa umntu esaphula ilizwi lakhe Man ulahlekelwa nomhlobo wakhe esikhohlakeleyo, ukufuphi, Myshkin azihlubayo uphosa host.

With konke oku, nangona inkalipho yakhe kunye namanye amacebo, Mitya uhlala umntwana, waphupha abuyele abazali bakhe. Kodwa ibali lokugqibela Myshkin iba uhlobo enokuba pugacheva, bayaqonda ukuba onke elungileyo ayenzeki.

"Imbali serf boy": isishwankathelo isahluko "Eli nenekazi YamaSilamsi Ermolaevna"

Ekuqaleni kwinoveli Mitya - umntwana owonwabileyo ikhululekile, hayi ukwazi kakuhle oko kuthetha ntoni ukuba serf. iindaba engalindelekanga kuye abe into yakhe okanye ngabazali bakhe wagxothwa ukuba athengise.

Ngenxa yokuba kwentengiso kwenzeka ngokwindla (xa nqaba akukho babekuxabisa), omnye Zakopane akayi zithengiwe. Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuvalwa yexhegokazi fair uba iliso lakhe phezu komntwana, yaye bargained ngenxa engange-3.

senkosikazi entsha, umhlolokazi igosa lomkhosi, yaba lihlwempu kakhulu. Lo mthombo kuphela engenayo yomhlala yakhe indoda yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, imali kwayona ukugcina indlu encinane amancinci okulala-3, njengeshedi, ishedi nebhate.

Ukongezelela Miti, lo iindwendwe kwakusekho 2 ngamakhoboka: Barbara Arkhip.

Sasihlala phezu kwendawo amaSilamsi Ermolaevna abahlelelekileyo ekruqulayo. Nokutsala iphambili lo mfazi ngokuwabetha amakhoboka ngeMigqibelo. Oku kwenziwa hayi inkonzo, yaye uku-odola. Umntwana wayengayithandi le sengqondo, yaye ngeenzame azikhusele nabanye, wabeka imvubu.

Inkwenkwe wavuma bebasa apho, eli nenekazi bamfaka Gusyatnikov. Kukoyika, Mitya ngempazamo wabulala omnye ngamarhanisi. Ngeli yinkosikazi ngenkohlakalo wawuvuthuza xa wafumana ngentonga.

ubomi kamva Myshkin bebabi kakhulu, ngoko ligqibe ukubaleka.

Isishwankathelo yenoveli "I History serf boy": Isahluko ezimbini ( "Dasha")

Ecaleni izinto athobekile Mitya lady inika estate obutofotofo Novgorod of Count Alekseya Guschina (Barabiha). Le wohlanga kwabonakala rhoqo apho, ngoko phantse lonke ixesha kwilifa ethe khotsho ezantsi umphathi wakhe German Franz-kunikezelo.

Xa ubalo sele ifuna ukusuka kulawulo ukulungiselela okhestra serf kunye negumbi loNyaka oMtsha. Kunikezelo waqalisa ukuqokelela abalimi ezithandwa nokudlala umculo lonke County. Xa waba ithuba ukuva indlela Mitya (lowo ngelo wacelwa ukuba ingca amadada) udlala neefleyiti. Ukuhlola italente mfo Franz wayithenga ukusuka amaSilamsi Ermolaevna ngokuba iingxowa-2 ka-oats kunye ebhedini iintsiba endala.

Estate Barabihe waba mkhulu. Kwakuhlala iqashiso ngamakhoboka, yaye isimo sengqondo ngokubhekisele kwabo izihlandlo eziliqela zilungileyo kunelika-umnini wangaphambili. Ngokuthe ngcembe, lo mfana osetyenziswayo wenza ngabahlobo igcisa oselula ogama Dasha.

Phezu kwayo yonke Mitya olungileyo sahamba phezu ngokubaleka. It afika wathumela ukufumana huntsman ezoyikekayo, lingenakuthetha nje Fyodor. Noko ke, akazange anikezele amaJamani mbaleki, yaye ixesha elide ngokufihla oko yenja yakhe. Kungekudala, lo mfana wenze abahlobo kunye nendoda ndaza ndafumanisa ukuba ulwimi ukuba incothulwe ngenxa inxaxheba Pugachev.

Xa wafumana Myshkin Franz, lo mfo ngenene. Kodwa yaphuma Dasha kunye Fedor.

Kwaba kufutshane loNyaka oMtsha, yaye le ndawo yaba uzilungiselela ilokhwe. Dasha idlale indima enkulu kunye ngengozi bawa. Umphathi wayefuna ukuba ukubetha, kodwa Mitya wema phezulu. Ubalekile ingqumbo ka amaJamani, abantwana watsibela kubanda. Ambethe ingubo ukukhanya oxwlwa le ntombazana waba ebandayo kunye kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva wafa sesi sifo.

Ukufuna ukuba ndimkhulule, Mitya ndlu umlilo kuyo baseJamani waphila. Yard akukho ngokukodwa uzama ukugcina nomphathi kunye nabo babezama wathintelwa izidenge Fedor, ngubani ngempazamo ingqalelo umsunguli komlilo.

inzuzo Myshkin elifanayo meko, uyabaleka.

"Guards uLieutenant"

Ekubeni ingqalelo isishwankathelo "Imbali serf boy" ye izahluko ezibini zokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukwazi; yintoni na wesithathu.

Xa endleleni emva kokuba ukubaleka, ophambili phantse bhuxe ekufeni - emva kwayo yonke ubusika. Yena wasindiswa ligosa odlulayo. Wayefuna ukuba anikezele lo mbaleki, kodwa Mitya wakwazi ukuzuza emkhosini, waza washiya inkwenkwe ekhaya.

Umnini entsha, uAleksandr Vasilevich Vyazemsky, yaba Lieutenant ye-Imperial Guards Life butho. Le nkwenkwe ucwangco bakhe, iqhotyoshelwe kunene kuye.

zokucwangcisa, ngenxa Vyazemsky waya kulwa baseTurkey. Esoyikela ubomi lo mfana usisicaka, wafuna ukuhamba naye kwilifa lakhe, kodwa Mitya wagqiba ukuhlala nenkosi yalo.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba ekulweni elaneleyo lokufakwa kaIshmayeli, igosa oselula wabonisa inkalipho, kodwa wenzakala kwaye phantse wafa. Ngethamsanqa, Myshkin wenza indlela yakhe eya edabini, yaye wakhupha inkosi elimele. Oku ingqalelo yaye yanikwa yena Suvorov hero young imbasa.

Ukubuyela eSt Petersburg, Vyazemsky ukubonga yokulondoloza wafunga singaze ukuthengisa lo mfana. Kodwa ngenye imini, ukudlala amakhasi, igosa wabeka Mitya busengozini. Umfana odikiweyo akazange alinde ukuba isiphumo iqela wabaleka.

"UYehova ulungile,"

Ukufunda "Imbali serf inkwenkwe," isishwankathelo izahluko ezithathu, lixesha uku bana phandle kwaphela kule ncwadi.

Emva zibaleke Myshkin wahamba ebhadula kuloo capital zikhangela ukutya. Emarikeni wagidima waya serf of Zakopanki - ezigoso Sawa. Ebonisa ukuba abanini zangaphambili zawa wananisa ngeento off phantse onke amafama kunye nomhlaba. abazali enkwenkwe ngoku ziphethwe Jikelele Yusupov, owaziwa ngokuba umoya olungileyo.

Sawa nayo inkwenkwe kuyise nonina, owacinga ukuba ifile.

Inkosi entsha amanxeba kwintloko, kwakukho ezinye iingxaki kunye psyche. Ngoko ke umfana rhoqo ngenkani ukuba badlale imidlalo zabo engaqhelekanga kwaye ngathi ukuba lijoni, ngoko a ukumkanikazi. Ngaphandle koku, ubomi Meath elungileyo.

Emva konyaka, eli nene wayecinga ukuba akazange alitsale i amaxwebhu ukuze kuthengwe Myshkin waza wathumela igosa lakhe Count Goushchin. Ukusuka apho, amajoni zeza kumbamba inkwenkwe umlilo. Ukuqonda ukuba okuhle hayi ngaphezulu, lo mfana wabaleka kwiqela host.

Umba ibali

Emva kokufunda isishwankathelo "I History serf nkwenkwe," Alexeyev, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela iingxaki zomsebenzi.

Kuqala kwinto zonke, umbhali uzame ukubonisa indlela lonya of serfdom kunye sengqondo bestial ukuba abalimi enkosini yakhe.

Ukongeza, i-ibali umahluko ibonakala ngokucacileyo lwentlalo phakathi abanini kwezityebi namahlwempu. Umbhali uxelela indlela ngokuqatha abanini abahlwempuzekileyo ukuba kubuyiswe ngamakhoboka zabo. Ngoko YamaSilamsi Ermolaevna ngeveki emtyakatyile amakhoboka, abe umninizo enempumelelo yokuqala Miti ngaphandle ukuzisola bethengisa abalimi, ningoyiki ukwahlula iintsapho.

Akukho ngaphantsi ngokucacileyo ibonisa inkohlakalo wavusa zibhuqe. Ukuba ixhegokazi kohlwaywa hero ukuba imizamo yakhe ukubaleka, umnini bedidekile wenkwenkwe izicwangciso ukuhlazisa kakubi naye nje ngenxa yokuba Mitya yaba imbasa isibindi, yaye - akukho.

Enye siganeko obonisa namanenekazi unya, waye ibali unyango yenkosi of Theodore ( "Imbali serf boy": isishwankathelo kwisahluko sesibini).

Ukongezelela kuzo zonke ezi zinto zingasentla, Sergey Alexeev kwincwadi yakhe uthi italente nesisa asixhomekeki izihloko. Le phambili ibanjwa ukufana phakathi Suvorov kunye Mitya apho amagosa abasebenzi peterburzhskikh ingqalelo Upstart. Ukanti bobabini - yabantu nesibindi ezindilekileyo, nangona imvelaphi yayo hayi amanene ngokupheleleyo.

Sergeya Alekseeva ibali "inkwenkwe Imbali serf" (isishwankathelo ngo-VI - amanqaku IX) yenye iimpahla Soviet kunye noncwadi Russian. Umbhali unako nje ukuxelela malunga nobomi bemihla ukuba ngamakhoboka, kodwa ukuyenza umdla kangangokuba abafundi nanamhlanje ziyaqhubeka ukufunda le ncwadi.