Umphezulu ingxabano: ulwazi ngokubanzi kunye nokubaluleka eziphilayo

kukho coupling imikhosi ezahlukeneyo komhlaba zinzulu (ngaphakathi) phakathi kweengqimba iimolekyuli ulwelo. Iimolekyuli kule nwebu kumphezulu yalungiselelwa umtsalane lwendaba ngoomaleko bha kwaye izaleko ezinzulu amandla umtsalane phakathi molekyuli ngokufanayo elungeleleneyo. Le molecule umaleko komhlaba ninomdla yi iimolekyuli moya kunye iperi ezincinci, amandla abo iziphumo ithe ngqo phantsi, umaleko umphezulu iimolekyuli njengoko uza kuncothulwa maleko nzulu. Umphezulu ukungakhululeki, ke, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo ulwelo kunye bume umda, lobushushu ambient, ubukho ubumdaka ukuzala, njalo-njalo. D.

Ukwandisa kumphezulu engamanzi kufuneka benze umsebenzi abathile nxamnye namandla komhlaba akhululeke. Ukususela amaxabiso angaphezulu kwempixano kuxhomekeke kubungakanani kwamathana, lo meniscus, isixa egesi edlula engamanzi, wettability kunye anti-wettability ye kumphezulu engamanzi zokuqinileyo kunye nabanye.

Umphezulu ingxabano mandla kwakhona ixhomekeke uxinzelelo umphunga ngaphezu ulwelo: kungona umphunga, i ncinane uxinzelelo fluid lwangaphakathi. Ukuba ulwelo erhangqwe lomoya, molecule ye maleko yayo wayo phantse hayi phantsi imikhosi womxhuzulane ukusuka kwisigaba sukube. Kwezo meko apho uxinzelelo umphunga ngasentla kwandisa ulwelo, ukungakhululeki layo phezu komhlaba aza kuba ngaphantsi. Ngoko ke, molecule umaleko komhlaba ayikho elungeleleneyo, ngoko ke le nkqubo kwi esibonakalayo kusoloko ezithile amandla ethile free. Kuzo zonke ezinye iimeko ngokufanayo, le intsalela mkhulu indawo umphezulu enkulu. Ngokutsho komthetho yesibini obizwa, le nkqubo ijonge ekunciphiseni amandla lwangaphakathi. Ngoko ke, inkqubo yokunciphisa esibonakalayo inkqubo ezimeleyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto ulwelo nto leyo wenza ngawo nawaphi na amandla, yakha ubume ibhola, ekubeni imilo okunjalo umphezulu ubuncinane mali ethile.

Ubukhulu isiphumo komhlaba enixabana kunye nemali ukwimo olukhulu hydrocarbon. Ngenxa yoko, xa sithatha asidi ngaphezulu carboxylic lwe thotho efanayo homologous (HCOOH, CH3COOH, S2N5SOON, S3N7SOON), imeko kumphezulu liyancipha njengoko zabo carboxylic chain zobude - 3.2 amaxesha ukuze iqela ngalinye CH2.

Ukubakho ubumdaka kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kwiincindi zomzimba kuchaphazela ubukhulu bezinto akhululeke komhlaba. izinto ezininzi, ikakhulu oganikhi, ukuthoba amaphaphu komhlaba. iikhompawundi ezifana ibizwa surfactants (iiproteni, inyongo asidi, iisepha, alkoholi, aldehydes, esters, ketones, tannins, njalo njalo). Substances phambi esiqela lingayifumenanga kakhulu kuchaphazela umgangatho kwempixano kuthiwa umphezulu-engasebenziyo (fructose, iswekile, starch, njalo njalo). Ukuncitshiswa ngengxabano kumphezulu ibaluleke kakhulu inkqubo nokufunxwa ulwelo izondlo epithelium na isifo emathunjini. Ngenxa yoko, amafutha kunye nezinye lipids kwisiteshi ukutya efunyenwe ngohlobo zamathontsana. Ezi amathontsi ke emulsified kunye inyongo ukuya emathunjini amancinci yaye emva koko zifumaneka ukuze cleavage hydrolytic le lipase kunye nezinye enzyme lipolytic. Esongezelela ulwelo surfactants kwandisa ubuchule babo umanzi kumphezulu. Xa usebenzisa zinambuzane zidla wongezelela isepha, nto leyo evumela ukuba unxibelelwano kunye umphezulu umzimba izinambuzane kwaye unike umsebenzi insecticidal.

Surface ukuqina lolwelo: Iindlela yokufumanisa

Kukho iindlela eziliqela ukuze kugqitywe umphezulu kwempixano: stalagmometrichesky, uhlengahlengiso ukunyusa ulwelo kulo capillary, xi kukhulu amadlu yokuzahlula ring.

Indlela esetyenzisiweyo kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo stalagmometrichesky ngokusekelwe ukusetyenziswa isixhobo okhethekileyo - stalagmometry. It is a tube capillary ukuba amanqaku aphezulu nolusezantsi kunye nokwandiswa. Xa stalagmometry ino- amanzi yamanqaku, apho kokuba ichithwe nokubala inani zamathontsana. Emva koko, loo nto inye kwenziwa kunye ulwelo uvavanyo. Isenzo kumphezulu imikhosi Ingxabano ngenxa ulwelo kunye namanzi uthabathe uhlobo kuncipha globular.

Umphezulu imimoya kubomi eziphilayo

Umphezulu ingxabano ngomnye zinto zijongwayo imilo iseli nezibilini zayo. Yokuhlala - an isuntswana eziziziqalelo zokuphila nto leyo yenza i umzimba womntu, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Ukuze iiseli ukuba abe phezu owomeleleyo ngqwabalala (izityalo, Cya), ixabiso umphezulu kwempixano esezantsi. Uninzi iiseli isilwanyana emzimbeni ngokumila kufutshane ukulenza. Low imimoya ngaphezulu ivumela iiseli ngokulula zibekwe zodwa omnye komnye. iiseli fom iqhotyoshelweyo kwezinye iiseli okanye zeendawana, kuxhomekeke kwezinye izinto - le cytoskeleton kwakhiwa inwebu ezintsonkothileyo, izakhiwo zoqhagamshelwano, njl Iintlobo ngeentlobo iiseli (umz, leukocytes kunye iqanda) ukukhululwa yesenzo angaphezulu kwempixano abe imilo ungqukuva aze alahlekelwe umsebenzi. . utshintsho Local kwi enixabana kumphezulu ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimbono nangokusulela neemvakalelo luvo kwi phagocytosis, pinocytosis, intshukumo amoeboid gastrulation, kwaye ingakumbi permeability of inwebu cell.