Into space. Isimo ngokomthetho izinto space

Siyazi ukuba impucuko komuntu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-asethi kunye nezibonelelo. Bonke ke ziqiniswa, kunye neenguqu ngokwabo okanye ubume zabo zomthetho kuxhomekeke imithetho ethile. Kodwa xa sithetha ngento ethile, siye na kwi uMhlaba? Yiyiphi imithetho eziba force zahluke emhlabeni? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu ukuthenga umhlaba iziphekepheke kwenye iplanethi, okanye yonke nkwenkwezi? Iinkcukacha kunye nokuzimisela, uya kufunda kweli nqaku.

Yintoni na le nto isithuba

Ukuba ujonga esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ngokusebenzisa iteleskopu okanye nje ngeliso lenyama, ungabona ezininzi imizimba yasezulwini. Stars, amafu, langa kunye neesathelayithi zabo, ezinomsila, izijikelezi-langa ezincinane, njl - .. Yonke into ibunjiwe iyaqhubeka ukwakha ngokwendalo. Kukho izinto ezininzi eziye zadalwa ngumntu, waza waqalisa isithuba ngeenjongo lwezenzululwazi. Esi sithuba izikhululo, iinqanawa, izityalo, shuttles isithuba, Hewana, ixhokonxa, imijukujelwa kunye nezinye izixhobo.

Zonke ezi yendalo neyenziweyo imizimba yasezulwini sele isithuba ngaphandle ojikeleze umhlaba. Ngoko ke, ngamnye kubo uyakwazi ukusebenzisa ingqiqo ka "into isithuba". Kwaye yonke imibandela enxulumene izifundo zabo, kulawulwa ngumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

iziseko space

Phantsi iziseko kule meko ithetha iseti bezinto ezinxulumeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukuko iinkqubo wokuhlola isithuba.

Njengoko kubonakala uMthetho RF "On umsebenzi isithuba", izinto kweziseko-based phantsi isithuba yiseti kwezakhiwo kunye nezixhobo ukuba enze iintlobo kwemisebenzi.

Phakathi kwabo abo ezithi zisetyenziswe kwisigaba samalungiselelo:

• database technology indawo yokugcina;
• izithuthi ezizodwa, izixhobo, amacandelo, impahla igqityiwe, njalo-njalo..;
• exhobele Cosmonaut Training Centre;
• izibonelelo zovavanyo yokubalekela lobugcisa uvavanyo baleka, bafikela kunye neminye imisebenzi.

Ezinye izinto kwezibonelelo isithuba kuye kwayimfuneko ukuba moya ngqo inkqubo lombutho:

• spaceports;
• izindululi, izibonelelo sungula kunye nezixhobo encedisayo;
• eneepoligoni nokuntinga yokumisa izinto isithuba;
• Mission Amaziko Control;
• iindawo esiwa jettisoned iinxalenye zezinto isithuba.

Ngokwahlukeneyo abelwe izinto asetyenziswa ukuqokelela, ukugcina nokucazulula ulwazi olubalulekileyo:

• amanqaku reception, ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa ulwazi malunga iindiza;
• umyalelo kunye lokulinganisa neenkqubo.

umthetho Space

Kukho iqela iikhowudi zamazwe ngamazwe nezesizwe yokusebenza elawula ukusetyenziswa kwesithuba yangaphandle. Ezi ziquka:

• Langaphandle Space Treaty (1967).
• Kwisivumelwano ukophula oosomajukujuku kunye Return kweZixhobo (okanye inxalenye yayo), waqalisa engaphandle Space (1968).
• Space yeTyala Convention (1972).
• I-Convention on Ubhaliso kweZixhobo Usungulo ibe Space langaphandle (1975).

Ngubani na ophethe oomatshini kunye imizimba yasezulwini?

Ukongeza imithetho yamazwe kwendawo yonke, ikakhulu aqala ezabo. ubhaliso State of izinto indawo kwilizwe lethu lwenziwa ngendlela emiselwe ngurhulumente. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho i kwiRejista State Emanyeneyo, equlethe yonke ingcaciso malunga namalungelo kwepropati kuzo zonke iintlobo oomatshini kunye iinxalenye zayo. Le lobhaliso iqulathe ulwazi malunga nendlela yokusebenza emajukujukwini, kwaye malunga ukusebenzisa izixhobo.

Ukususela ngokombono umthetho yinto indawo nantoni olukhoyo ngaphandle umoya iplanethi yethu, yaye yonke into Sanduluka Earth kwisithuba oluphakathi. izinto zendalo (iiplanethi, izijikelezi-njalo. D.) Ngokomthetho ngamalungu lonke uluntu, kwaye ezenziwe ngumntu (Hewana, moya) ziyipropathi le okanye elo lizwe. Uxanduva indlela qhosha okanye enye into isithuba iwela kurhulumente, esithatha ngayo.

Ngubani na ke inkosi yonke?

Ngaphaya umda we-110 km ngasentla ummandla lokuqalisa kolwandle, nto leyo kuthathwa sisibhakabhaka kwaye Andilolungu lwalo naluphi na urhulumente kule planethi. Ku ngumthetho ukuba ilizwe ngalinye linelungelo elilinganayo inxaxheba kolu phando kule ndawo.

Kodwa kukho iingxabano, xa omnye okanye enye into isithuba ngexesha isuka (indiza) kunyanzeleke kugqitha elibala bomnye uMbuso. Kule akhawunti imithetho yayo. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya, lo mthetho "Kwi umsebenzi isithuba", ngokutsho apho isiphekepheke langaphandle livumelekile ukuba moya olunye ngalo elibala ye-Russian Federation ukuba sele walumkisa abasemagunyeni zoluntu.

Space craft nangokomyinge iinqanawa kunye moya eniza kuyithengisa okanye yathengwa abantu kunye nemibutho esemthethweni. Ngelo xesha, ukuba ubhalwe kwirejista kweli lizwe, iyunithi ibe obulawulwa ngurhulumente langaphandle, inkampani okanye umntu.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukunika igama umzimba ezulwini?

Yonke uye inani elikhulu zeenkwenkwezi, kunye kuphela ipesenti encinane babo amagama. Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuvela iinkonzo ezifana ngentlawulo, unako ukunika umzimba ngagama zesibhakabhaka nayiphi wayethanda igama ufumane isiqinisekiso isiqinisekiso.

Kodwa abo bafuna ukuba bachithe imali yabo ngolo hlobo, ufanele wazi ukuba akukho nto kule nkqubo iye akukho amandla omthetho. Ngapha koko, enyanisweni yiyo International Astronomical Union - umbutho lwenzululwazi engekho phantsi kukarhulumente, ogama imisebenzi iquka yokuqinisekisa emideni yonke nakwiinkwenkwezi ezaziwayo nobhaliso izinto isithuba. Kuphela ikhathalogu eyenziwe mbutho unakho kubizwa igosa kunye langoku.

Kakade ke, kukho abanye: umzekelo, inkwenkwezi ikhathalogu zakhiwo zasezidolophini, kwakunye nawuphi na umbutho okanye umntu yabucala. Ukuze amagama amatsha kweenkwenkwezi okanye izijikelezi unako, kodwa ukuhlawulisa imali kuba - uhlobo lobuqhophololo. Kuphela uluntu lwezenzululwazi ngamazwe ungatshintsha amagama ezinto isithuba.

Ingaba uthenga I umhlaba kwenye iplanethi?

Umzekelo, iNyanga, Mars, okanye naphi na wezijikelezi-langa? Okwangoku, kukho mveliso nkqu kunye ofisi ehlabathini lonke, umnikelo isixa ngeenxa ukwenzela ukuthenga loo propati yokuqala.

Kodwa ke eyinyani, kuba intengiselwano enjalo ayisebenzi ukusuka kwindawo esemthethweni umbono. Eneneni, ubume zezinto indawo kukuba basonta yonke abemi eMhlabeni, kodwa akukho lizwe linye kuphela. A izivumelwano intengiso ukuthenga kugqitywa kuphela ngokusekelwe nomthetho wesizwe. Ngoko ke, akukho mthetho - akukho ithuba ukuthenga iqhekeza kwenye iplanethi ngaphezu uMhlaba.

Ngawaphi amalungelo kunye nemisebenzi oosomajukujuku?

On isiphekepheke (kwizikhululo. N.) IZenzo umthetho karhulumente apho unikwe izixhobo.

Konke ukuhlola isithuba eziphezu ngokwemiqathango nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye noncedo nokuxabisana.

Cosmonauts (oosomajukujuku) ingaphandle Umhlaba, zinyanzelekile ukuba anike omnye zonke uncedo kunokwenzeka.

Ukuba isiphekepheke ingqubekile okanye wenza ebikhona ngomhla ummandla kwelinye ilizwe, lo gama abasemagunyeni kunyanzelekileyo ukuba ukunceda abasebenzi ngokudibene kwasungulwa iqela lakhe. Emva koko, ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuthutha oosomajukujuku kunye yenqanawa ummandla uRhulumente, isenziwa kabani kwirejista. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo iindawo ngamnye we-moya - mazibuyiselwe kwi icala kwasungulwa. Kwakhona ithatha iindleko yophendlo.

Inyanga isetyenziswa onke amazwe ngeenjongo zophando ngoxolo. iziseko Military kunye nayiphi na imisebenzi zemfazwe (umthambo, iimvavanyo) azivumelekanga ngqongqo satellite komhlaba.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni xa impilo yezinye kwindalo iphela?

Okwangoku, kukho ithuba akwenziwanga wawancamisa zizazinzulu. Kodwa ayifakwanga phakathi umthetho sithuba. Umzekelo, ukuba iintlobo ezintsha yobomi ziza kufumaneka (nokuba nengqiqo okanye hayi) kwenye iiplanethi wafumanisa, ulwakhiwo ubudlelwane zomthetho phakathi kwabo nomhlaba akunakwenzeka. Ngoko, andazi ukuba mandithini kuluntu ngokungathi kwenye indawo kwi sithuba siya kubonisa phezulu "kubamelwane." Akukho namnye imithetho echaphazelekayo, yaye gqibekanga, zonke izijikelezi-langa kunye nabemi zazo kunokwenzeka zehlabathi ipropati yoluntu.

Izijikelezi, iinkwenkwezi, ezinomsila, izijikelezi-langa ezincinane, moya omncane, Hewana, izitishi isithuba , kwaye kakhulu ngakumbi - konke oku iqukiwe ingqikelelo "into isithuba". Phakathi izinto zendalo neyenziweyo ezifana kusetyenziswa imithetho ekhethekile yamkelwa kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe yaye kwezinye United yenqanaba Earth.