Grain yokuthenga lobunzima: ngoonobangela kunye neziphumo

Grain yokuthenga ntlekele yenzeke ngexesha nkqubo New Economic (nep) eSoviet Union ngowe-1927. Enyanisweni, ngowe-1920 eli lizwe liye ezimbini kwintlekele yoqoqosho, ababengqina kubo iingxaki ezinkulu, hayi nje kuphela kwezolimo, kodwa icandelo industrial kuqoqosho. Ngelishwa, amandla libeyise akukho abhenele iindlela zorhwebo, kunye nenkqubo yolawulo kunye mandative, zokusombulula iingxaki ngamandla, nto leyo mandundu ngakumbi imeko yezoqoqosho abalimi kunye nabasebenzi.

ngumba

Ubangelwa mbilu zokuthengwa ntlekele kufuneka wafuna kwi-nkqubo yezoqoqosho lukho yamaBolshevik Party kwiminyaka ka-1920. Nangona inkqubo lenkululeko kwezoqoqosho, njengoko ecetywayo ngexesha nguLenin, ziinkokheli ezintsha ekhokelwa uJoseph Stalin bakhetha ukwenza ngeendlela yezolawulo, lukhetha uphuhliso kwicandelo non-lezolimo, kunye namashishini mveliso.

Inyaniso kukuba phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1920, eli lizwe waqalisa ukuthenga ngamandla kwaye bavelise iimveliso industrial ngendleko lali. ezithunyelwa wokudla yaba ngumsebenzi ophambili kurhulumente, njengoko imali efunyanwa ekuthengisweni, kwakufuneka ukuba mayikhule kwezoshishino. ukuthengwa Grain ntlekele iye kubangelwa amaxabiso engalinganiyo yeemveliso mveliso kunye nezolimo. Urhulumente uthenga ingqolowa kumafama ngexabiso eliphantsi, lo gama eyenziweyo zivuthelana amaxabiso impahla eyenziweyo.

Lo mgaqo-nkqubo yakhokelela ekubeni yokuba amafama kwanciphisa yokuthengisa okuziinkozo. kwesivuno kwezinye iindawo zeli lizwe kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho ukuvuthuluka meko kweli lizwe, nokukhawulezisa coagulation le nep.

ingxaki yokuthenga

Amaxabiso Iinkozo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba abalimi State phantsi ngokucacileyo xa kuthelekiswa kwimarike, echasene imigaqo-nkqubo New Economic, nto leyo ithetha ukuba utshintshiselwano kwezoqoqosho simahla phakathi edolophini kunye lizwe. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente olukhathalayo ngokuyintloko malunga kuphuhliso lwamashisini, amafama kunciphise intengiso zengqolowa, nokuba kunciphise ozozogidi ukuba ikhokele ubunkokheli qembu elalini. Ngelo xesha, amaxabiso aphantsi okuziinkozo zange ukukhuthaza amafama ukuba ukuphuhlisa imveliso yezolimo.

Ngoko ke, ebusika ka-1927-1928 babeka urhulumente iitoni million 300 iintlobo zeenkozo, yaye ngaphezu kwesigidi ezimbalwa kunyaka ophelileyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isivuno ngelo xesha kulungile kunene. Amafama ubunzima nje ngenxa amaxabiso udandathekile, kodwa intswelo impahla eyenziweyo, ekube kungavumelekile ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuze imveliso yezolimo. Le meko sibi kwakhona ngenxa yokuba ukuba iingongoma lokuhanjiswa ingqolowa urhulumente ebezikholisa ukuba udlame, ukongeza, kwilali ngenkuthalo amarhe malunga nokuqhambuka yemfazwe, nto leyo eye yalomeleza ngabandayo abavelisi zasemaphandleni ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo.

Umongo ngxaki

Grain yokuthenga ntlekele iye yakhokelela ekubeni urhulumente ucuthe ingeniso efunekayo ukuthenga impahla eyenziweyo amazwe.

Kwakhona, ukusilela zokuthengwa iinkozo elizweni kuye kukhokelele ekubeni isicwangciso sophuhliso lwamashishini uphantsi kwentsongelo. Emva koko iqela aya nokususwa ngenkani isonka kwabo amahlwempu balayo ukuthengisa iinkozo kurhulumente ngamaxabiso ezizodwa, yentengo, leyo engaphantsi kwe emarikeni.

isenzo party

Grain yokuthenga ntlekele kwabangela ngayo kubunkokeli elizweni, nto leyo wagqiba ekubeni athabathe okugqithiseleyo imveliso apho uhlolo ezikhethekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe (Stalin kwakhokelela wathunyelwa eSiberia iqela) zadalwa. Ngaphezu koko, siye saqalisa ukucoca elikhulu-isikali on-site. Namabhunga lali kunye neeseli iqela wayindulula abo, ngokoluvo lwabalawuli abaphezulu, ayikwazanga ukumelana nonikezelo iinkozo kurhulumente. Kwakhona bakha amaqela ezikhethekileyo abantu abahluphekileyo, abo zasuswa ingqolowa kulaks, bona apho bafumana umvuzo we-25 ekhulwini okuziinkozo.

iziphumo

Grain ukuthengwa eziyingozi 1927 yakhokelela kwamakhaya ekugqibeleni nep. Abasemagunyeni ukuba bashiye icebo nokudalwa co-operatives, apho ngelo xesha elinye njengoko uLenin wathi, waza wagqiba ekubeni aguqule ngokupheleleyo kwicandelo lezolimo, ukuyila iindlela ezintsha yentsebenziswano phakathi lali kunye zikarhulumente ngokohlobo lweefama ezidityanelweyo kunye nezikhululo umatshini-zothutho (MTS).

Iingxaki nonikezelo ingqolowa izixeko kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni eli qela lazise i ukutya kunye namakhadi mveliso bekuyekisiwe emva kweMfazwe Civil. Ekubeni icandelo lezoshishino ukusebenza kakuhle ngenxa yokuba inkxaso ebonakalayo kurhulumente, zonke naziimbandezelo batyholwa amanqindi - amafama atyebileyo. Stalin wabeka phambili ithisisi ye kukuqinisa umzabalazo eklasini, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ukunqamla nep uye collectivization emaphandleni kwaye emizini mveliso. Ngenxa yoko, abalimi ziye zadityaniswa iifama ezinkulu, ukuveliswa enanikelwayo kuwo kurhulumente, nto leyo eyenza kwalula ngexesha elifutshane ukudala isiseko inkulu industrial sikarhulumente.