Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin: biography, iingcamango ezingundoqo

Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin yenye yezona zobulumko abadumileyo ngenkulungwane ye-19. Yena waba nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ukuyilwa anarchism mihla. imisebenzi zakhe ziye zaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezininzi kwaye ezihambelana unanamhla. Sobulumko owayekwabizwa Panslavist. bathini Modern kusoloko kuthethwa ngemisebenzi uMikhail Alexandrovich.

izimvo zakhe watsala nxaxheba ezininzi zemishini ka-Oktobha Revolution, leyo batshintsha ihlabathi ngonaphakade. It yenye amanani ezigqamileyo phakathi iinkcuba Russian.

Esakhula

Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin wazalwa May 30, 1814 kweli phondo saseTver. Usapho lwakhe ube esisityebi ngokwaneleyo. Unina noyise baba abanini enkulu kunye kwisihloko ungunyana wabanumzana. Ukongeza kusapho kaMichael wayenabantwana 9 ngaphezulu. isiqulatho wabo mali enkulu ukuba sele uthetha nokwanela Bakunin. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, uMichael wafunda ekhaya. Xa-15 ubudala, yena wathunyelwa emkhosini. E St. Petersburg, wadlula uqeqesho zokudubula. Xa ndandineminyaka eli-19 aye esikolweni zamagosa. Noko ke, kwangaloo nyaka mnye wakhahlela kuba krwada wayethethe abaphezulu. Bakunin iminyaka emibini baselula, nichithe emkhosini.

Ngowe-1835 wayishiya le nkonzo yaye wafudukela eMoscow. Kukho Uqhelene umbhali odumileyo Stankevich. Malunga eli xesha, oko sitsala bulumko waseJamani. Uqala ukuhlola ngamandla imbali kunye yokuhlalisana. Yena ngokukhawuleza uba ukuba ayilunganga, kuzo zonke zokuzilungisa boncwadi. Amazwi akhe niwe abameli ezininzi zizifundiswa ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Moscow uMikhail rhoqo wezindlu umzali kwaye eSt Petersburg. Zobulumko okusingqongileyo nalo zithanda omkhulu. Ngowe-1939, i-noqheleneyo Herzen.

izwe

Uphononongo lwe bulumko Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin uzinika phantse lonke ixesha lakhe. Noko ke, yena akanayo imali yabo aze okunene uhlala yemali yabazali babo. Usapho akaxhasi uhlobo yokuphila kwaye ufuna Michael babuyela kwilifa kunye kwilifa wasebenza apho. Noko ke, uyise qho ithumela imali unyana wakhe. badla uMikayeli ngeendleko abahlobo babo, elide ime emakhayeni abanye abantu. Yena wayesazi kakuhle isiJamani. Xa kufundwa wokuqala ezakudala-bulumko German. Ngo-1840, byi ingqalelo kakhulu indalo ka Hegel. Awabelana iingcinga zakhe nabahlobo. Ubhala kwiimagazini ezahlukeneyo.

Bebuthanda bulumko waseJamani kukhokelela kukuba Michael bagqiba kwelokuba bafudukele Berlin ukuba baqhelane ngakumbi ezinawo data yenzululwazi. Malunga eli xesha, abecuphi bayazi ukuba kukho bulumko enjalo - Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin. Biography elula olinene unxibelelwano izibuko kunye ezahlukeneyo "iziqalelo ukungathembeki." Nangona kunjalo, akukho Michael asiyontshutshiso kuphela okwangoku obala.

Ukuze uhambo ukuya Berlin sidinga imali, yaye oku. Ekubeni ingeniso umbhali walo, yena ajike kuphela umxhasi - kuyise. Ukuze wenze oku, wabhala ileta elide, nto leyo sicacisa ngokuthe gca iinjongo zakhe. UYise unika imvume ukuhamba, kodwa akavumi aphake imali. Bakunin kufuneka acele-mboleko evela kumhlobo wakhe Herzen. Yena sokunikela isixa esikhulu - 2000 engange. Ngoku, ithemba zohambo ukuya eJamani kuya wokwenene ngakumbi.

Ngaphambi nje kokuba bahambe yakhe Michael kwenzeka axabene umbhali Katkov, bona bubonakala ibe umlo. Ekufudumaleni Bakunin ibangela abaphikisi Kungquzulwano, kodwa ndicinga ngcono ngosuku olulandelayo.

EYurophu,

Ngowe-1940, Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin uza Berlin. Apho ufumana oluninzi abahlobo abatsha. Wagalela zibe ngezangqa yabahlaziyi. Uninzi zonke wayenomdla ifilosofi Hegel. sobulumko Russian ngezandla wafumana kwi club "Hegelian". UMichael ubhala iintlobo zamaphephandaba German. Malunga neli xesha, ukuqhubela izimvo abe "ekhohlo" ngaphezulu. Wabhala iincwadana eziliqela revolution, leyo kakhulu into phakathi wobusoshiyali ezahlukeneyo. Ukongeza zobulumko German kwi kwisangqa zentlalo Bakunin zihlanganisiwe Polish nabafuduki Russian. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Ivan Turgenev. Emva kweminyaka embalwa e Berlin, uMichael wadibana Marx, kunye izihlandlo eziliqela ukunxibelelana.

umsebenzi mbuso

Emva kwexesha elithile, sobulumko wafudukela eParis, apho ngokusondeleyo osondela nezazi Polish. Ngomhla enye intetho yesidlo nokuxhasa amalungelo abantu Polish self-determination.

Emva koko, kuyacaca ukuba iRussia yena akakwazi ukuya umva. In Paris Bakunin ukhangela ngakumbi atshintshwa ngakumbi. Apha ke ezikufutshane olukhulu ekhohlo. Xa ngokuthi of St. Petersburg uMikhail ukugxothwa eFransi. Noko ke, i-Februwari Revolution lithe qwele uze ubuyele Bakunin.

Mihail Aleksandrovich ihlela abasebenzi. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba izimvo zalo kutshayelwe urhulumente omtsha ugqiba ukuba amgxothe kwinkokeli Russian eJamani.

Emva koko, uye wahamba kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ezili e Prague, lipapasha eminye yemisebenzi yakhe Pan-Slavic. Ugqiba kwelokuba ahlale ngokusisigxina eYurophu, kodwa ngo-1851 wegqitha amapolisa tsarist baza bathunyelwa eRashiya. Apho uchitha ixesha entolongweni kunye ekuthinjweni. iminyaka emine Mihail Aleksandrovich Bakunin wahlala Tomsk. Wandula ke wenza waphuma yokuphuma eNgilani. Wafa Juni 19, 1876 eSwitzerland, apho yangcwatywa.

Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich: Ideas Basic

Iingcamango ezingundoqo sobulumko Russian esekelwe eziphathekayo. UMikhail Alexandrovich ayikwazanga kubalulwa njengoko ideology "ekhohlo". Wayekholelwa ukuba urhulumente kufuneka zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo. Endaweni yawo uya kuvuka uhlobo umanyano loluntu ezahlukeneyo. Ngokutsho Bakunin, uluntu ngalinye inyathelo ngokupheleleyo ngokuzimeleyo. Amandla yaso. Ngenxa yoko ubhalo kwisixhobo enjalo - uphuhliso iindlela enamandla ulawulo loluntu kunye intsebenziswano. Community kwafuneka ukusebenzisana federally.

Kuba ingcamango isixhobo esinjalo eluntwini Ngokuphindaphindiweyo yagxekwa ezo wobusoshiyali ngomlinganiselo. Ngokubona kwabo, urhulumente kazwelonke kufuneka lubekhona ukuba wakhanyela ngokupheleleyo Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich. Iimbono kokulingana kwezentlalo kunye umgaqo eyam communes babebizwa "anarhokollektivizm". Kulo mzekelo, indlela kuphela ukudala inkqubo enjalo, ngokutsho sobulumko, kwaba revolution. Njengoko amandla eqhuba ingqalelo inxalenye ezizezona abemi, njengoko luphawulwa yi amandla aphezulu kunye nesakhono ukuze viva. Noorhulumente mbuso babevela kwiiklasi asezantsi.

Ukuhlolwa of Communism

Bakunin ugxeke Marx kunye nabalandeli bakhe kwimeko karhulumente.

Wayekholelwa ukuba ngolawulo ngokozwi lakhe labasebenzi kuya kukhokelela le usurpation amandla. Ukonakala olwela kwiklasi entsha labacinezeli kwakukho isiphumo sendalo kwinkqubo ecetywayo yi Marx. Noko ke, yena Mihail Aleksandrovich wayethandwa kakhulu imisebenzi sobulumko German kwaye buqu wabhala ezimbalwa ncomo ezintle. Kwinkalo neAfrika wabona Austria kunye Turkey njengoko iintshaba eziphambili zabasebenzi. Wayekholelwa ukuba uBukhosi kufuneka kutshatyalaliswa ukuze kuphunyezwe inkqubela. ETurkey Austria, bacudise izizwe ezininzi, ukuba le ngxaki iphambili eYurophu, ngokutsho ekuvunyweni Bakunin kaThixo.

Pan-Slavism

Ngexesha ekuthinjweni Bakunin ingqalelo enkulu ukuba iingxaki nokuxubana. Panslavist imisebenzi yakhe kwazeka kuyo Europe. Wayekholelwa ukuba zonke nokuxubana kufuneka bamanyane. Bakunin akazange acinge naliphi na ilizwe eyahlukileyo, njengoko Centre United. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, wayekholelwa ukuba kwakuyimfuneko ukwakha ezinye uhlobo waseNigeria, apho bayalingana zonke izizwe Slavic. Ukuze bethana lo mgaqo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo uye wagxeka uRhulumente Austria Turkey. Kwakhona ingqalelo ubuntshovu-Polish. Inxalenye yachaphazela into efanayo kuBukhosi Russian.

abalandeli imibono

Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich iye abalandeli ezininzi unanamhla. Ngokomthetho yinto anarchists olukhulu. Bafumana uhlobo ngokuncedisana phakathi imisebenzi Bakunin kunye nezinye Njengomhlaziyi Russian - Kropotkin. inendlela kakhulu amaninzi zihlelelekile ngokushiywa nezembonakaliso bulumko malunga nokwakhiwa uluntu olunobulungisa, ebakhuthaza ukuba kwinqanaba engenangqondo.

Ukongeza anarchist Bakunin kunye ehlonelwayo kwizangqa zezinye "ekhohlo". Umzekelo, Marxists kunye kulandele iniyo-iiBolsheviks rhoqo ekubhekiswa kuyo imisebenzi yakhe. Isibakala sokuba iiBolsheviks ekwabelwana iimbono anarchist, ubonisa sethi isezantsi kwezitalato ogama lakhe behlonipha sobulumko. Emnyango ukuya yesicelo ngokwemiyalelo Lenin naye othi "Bakunin Mihail Aleksandrovich". biography emfutshane wokuvukela Russian kufakwa kwiprogram enyanzelekileyo ngokwamaziko science kwezopolitiko.