Kant, 'amadlala Isizathu Olunyulu ": ukugxeka, umxholo

Iya isanda, abantu mihla emva iingcamango bulumko, owayephila iminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kokuba azalwe. Ngenxa yoko, wonke umntu ukhangela iimpendulo kwimibuzo zabo, ekwabelwana okanye ukuphika uluvo lwesibini, ukufumana indlela yabo okanye ukuncipha. Philosophy - nto ngokupheleleyo inzululwazi akucingeleki, wachaza ngamagama akanakuba de kube sekupheleni. Ngoko ke, ujonge izinto kule ngongoma ngokupheleleyo wonke umbono angakwazi. Ngoko ke, enye abameli liphambili bulumko German ephakamileyo kuthathwa Immanuel Kant. ubomi bakhe sobufundisi ngokusondeleyo ezimbini eziqaphelekayo: yiEnlightenment kunye Romanticism. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba lo msebenzi wakhe umdla yaye wacinga mkhulu, engalindelekanga kunye nobuhlakani.

Imbali Immanuel Kant

sobulumko German wazalwa ngo-1724. intsapho yakhe amahlwempu, kodwa inkwenkwe wanikwa imfundo ophambili kwisikolo igrama elite "Friedrichs-Collegium". Ngowe-1740, kant wangena eyunivesithi, kodwa ukugqiba izifundo zakhe akuphumelelanga. Isizathu sokuba esi siganeko ongemhle yaba kokufa kukayise elinguImanuweli, emva koko lo mfana waba umondli iphambili entsapho. Noko ke, isazinzulu yaseJamani wafumana indlela yokuphuma ingxaki waza waqalisa ukufundisa ekhaya. Ngaloo ndlela Kant uye wasebenza iminyaka elishumi, ababengengabo ilize, kuba ngeli xesha wakwazi ukuzikhusela ithisisi ukuze afumane sobugqirha yakhe, iphuhlise kwaye ipapashe hypothesis yesiqalo ngemvelaphi kwenkqubo solar, kwaye unelungelo lokuba ukufundisa eyunivesithi. Kaloku, bakulityhutyha ilizwe a lot of iziganeko mnandi, nto leyo wothulelw War kweminyaka esixhenxe leyo (1758-1762 GG.), Kant yaqalisa kwisigaba esitsha yomsebenzi wakhe. Ibizwa ngokuba "zibaluleke kakhulu".

Izigaba yi-sobulumko German

Makhe zihlale phezu umsebenzi sobulumko baziincamisa. Phambi ukubhala umsebenzi "Le amadlala Isizathu Olunyulu", isishwankathelo apho namhlanje uyakwazi ukufunda wonke umntu, Immanuel Kant wasebenza yeengcinga yesiqalo wabeka phambili ingcamango ngemvelaphi iintlanga zabantu, wanikela kucalulo ngokwemilibo zobukumkani yezilwanyana, wafundela nabaqala emhlabeni, indima yabo kunye nendawo Emhlabeni ebomini. Zonke ezi mpumelelo ngoku nqanaba "subcritical" uyilo. Wonke umsebenzi emva 1770 enikelwe obunzulu, iingxaki nobuntu yobukho, kwingqiqo yabantu, urhulumente, isimilo kunye bayo.

"Critical" ibakala bobuchule kant xa

Ukususela ku 1770, umsebenzi Immanuel Kant kaThixo yaziwa ngokuba "ezibalulekileyo". Yaba ngeli xesha wayibhala imisebenzi engcono bulumko, apho ngoku uthathwa njengomntwana onengqondo enkulu ezibalaseleyo zenkulungwane elinesibhozo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umsebenzi sisazinzulu German babekhethekile kwaye kuyinyaniso kakhulu ukuba nempembelelo kwabanye kulo mhla wethu. zobulumko ezininzi ngqo umsebenzi Kant, sithembele iingcinga zakhe nokucingela. Imisebenzi uthandwayo Immanuel Kant ingqalelo 'amadlala Isizathu Pure, "' amadlala Isizathu bobuqili 'yaye' amadlala yoMgwebo". Baye ezichazwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: obunzulu, zokuziphatha, bayo.

ulawulo unya Kant kaThixo

Ngelo kwisigaba esithile yempilo ubomi nentlalo-ntle sobulumko zimbi kakhulu. Ukuze siqhubeke ukusebenza kwaye bafunde ngehlabathi, ngokwakho, abanye, kant iphuhlise imo nzima ngabanye. Kukholelwa ukuba ngenxa Emanuweli ikwazile ukuba baphile ubomi obude kunye wafa kamva nabahlobo bakhe.

Credo ephambili bulumko ukuze asebenzise ingqondo yakhe kuzo zonke iimeko. Ngokwembono yakhe, oku kuya kufuneka ukuba ube nesibindi ngokwenene. Ingcaciso evela yangasese kant Unokubona ukuba azange atshate. Oku kungenxa yokuba ebutsheni bakhe akaba nako ukunika okhethiweyo (eziphathekayo), kodwa xa mba wasonjululwa, sobulumko Akukho nomnqweno wokutshata. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yobumfihlo Immanuel Kant wakwazi ukubhala imisebenzi emikhulu ezinjalo, kuquka "Le amadlala Isizathu Enyulu '- umsebenzi esisiseko.

umsebenzi Kant kaThixo yentanda

Kukholelwa ukuba Immanuel Kant waba ezintathu kuphela yabasebenzi enkulu owaguqula ubomi bakhe inqubo abantu abaninzi ehlabathini. Emva 1770, sobulumko wasebenza iincwadi zabo, kodwa kuphela ngo-1781 wakwazi ukupapasha kuqala kubo.

'Amadlala Isizathu Olunyulu "- sisiseko le ncwadi emibini elandelayo. Mhlawumbi ezinye zazo ziya zibonakala ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ulwalamano lwabo indissoluble. Uchaza umsebenzi Immanuel Kant ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukugxekwa - ngundoqo nasekufundweni ingqondo kwindoda ilizwi layo. Ngoko ke, bonke abantu bafanele ukuba abaphathe ngokwaneleyo nje kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ukuba obufunayo. Le yindlela abantu sikhangela iqhekeza ingqondo yakhe. 'Amadlala Isizathu Olunyulu "(Immanuel Kant) kusibonisa imiba isithuba kwexesha, mhlawumbi ngoncedo umsebenzi ngengqondo ukungqina ubukho bukaThixo, njalo-njalo.

Kant wacinga umsebenzi wabo wokuqala iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, ngoko onke amazwi eyafakwa msebenzi elungeleleneyo kwaye ezinye ingqondo, ukuze zifundwe phakathi kwemigca. Noko ke, ukuba ubhale 'amadlala Isizathu Pure "Immanuel wathabatha kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa.

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi malunga mveliso

Mhlawumbi, ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na busengozini, kuyimfuneko ukuchaza umsebenzi 'amadlala Isizathu esulungekileyo "ngokufutshane. Kwimeko enjalo ke kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuxoxa ezinye iinkalo zomsebenzi. Kodwa isiphumo kuphela xa abantu baya kufunda yonke le nto, cinga isivakalisi ngasinye kwaye ungathanda le ncwadi. Emva koko abantu imibuzo, ingcamango yokuba zonke efanayo ungathanda sidlulisela kwabanye sobulumko waseJamani.

Inyaniso, indoda neqembu yaba Immanuel Kant. 'Amadlala Isizathu Pure "kufunyaniswe, ekubeni akukho namnye engenise umsebenzi onjalo okunye egqibeleleyo, ebhaliweyo iintsuku ezimbalwa ehlabathini. Ngenxa yoko, uhlobo lomsebenzi - oko ulwazi engqondweni. Enye indlela ukuze kuphunyezwe lo msebenzi nokugxekwa. Oko kukuthi, phantsi koxinzelelo nangokwasengqondweni iingqondo zethu uziva engaqhelekanga eyenzekayo. Ukuze ukwazi kuye, kuyimfuneko ukuqala yakugxeka. Sekunjalo, wonke umntu ubona ukungxamiseka imisebenzi ngamnye.

Undoqo lomsebenzi Kant kaThixo

Emva kokufunda imisebenzi leyo Kant wabhala ( "amadlala Isizathu Olunyulu"), abantu abaninzi baye basungula ayikho ngokupheleleyo umfanekiso ocacileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba yomsebenzi iquka iinxalenye ezimbini: imfundiso ngokudlul imigaqo kunye nendlela. umsebenzi Kant kaThixo ngowona mxholo, nto leyo ukudibanisa izicwili umxholo ukuba akumacala yencopho. 'Amadlala Isizathu Pure "Kant - ngaba amagama njalo. Ngoko ke, abantu wancokola sobulumko, waqonda isimbo sakhe sokubhala kunye nezimvo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, Noko ke, umfundi kunokuba nzima ekuqaleni ukuze uliqonde kakuhle umsebenzi. Ukuze uphephe oku, kufuneka ngenyameko kuphela kancinci bafunde umsebenzi sobulumko waseJamani.

Xa 'amadlala Isizathu Pure "elinguImanuweli Kant usixelela malunga nesithuba kunye nexesha, zonke iindidi ngesizathu kunye antinomy yayo. Yena uqala umsebenzi wakhe ngezigwebo zokuhlela engaqhelekanga. Ngenxa yoko, umfundi Uqhelene iindidi ezintathu: zokwenziwa, zohlalutyo kunye priori. Olunye kwisicatshulwa zonke iinkcukacha kakhulu wamchazela. Umzekelo, eneneni eyenziweyo kwezopolitiko ngamandla ayo ukuhlalutya ulwazi olutsha. Kohlaziyo uyakwazi ukuchaza iimpawu isifundo esithile, kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba umenzi priori ukujonga ukunyaniseka kwayo.

Ngaphezu koko, xa umsebenzi wakhe 'amadlala Isizathu Olunyulu ", isishwankathelo yayo thaca kwinqaku sikhokelo oodnoy nje akwenzeki, babelwa uhlobo olulodwa womgwebo, njengoko yahlanganiswa (umzekelo, + zokwenziwa a priori).

itheyibhile yokuqulathiweyo

Umsebenzi 'amadlala Isizathu Pure "siquka iindawo eziliqela, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngentla. Kwakhona umsebenzi a intshayelelo kunye intshayelelo. Inxalenye yokuqala - imfundiso ngokudlul lwemigaqo - ubunjwe izinto ezimbini, ezifana nobuhle nokuba nengqondo. I ibloko yokuqala malunga isithuba kunye nexesha. Kukho kwakhona ezinye Imigqaliselo jikelele kunye nezigqibo ze candelo. I ibloko yesibini likhulu kangaka, entlantlu iincwadi ezininzi: ingqiqo analytics, mgaqo uphambili, ingqiqo ngesizathu ecocekileyo, izigqibo zayo dialectical kunye izicelo. Isigaba sesibini - imfundiso ngokudlul uhlobo - siquka intshayelelo kunye izahluko ezine: ingqeqesho, ongcwele, architectonic kunye nembali ngesizathu ecocekileyo.

Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi othi 'amadlala Isizathu Olunyulu "kucingelwa ukuba zibe nkulu ngokwaneleyo, uhlalutyo leyo kufuna ixesha nomgudu. Kodwa ngaba abafuni ukufunda umsebenzi umdla sobulumko German kwenkulungwane elinesibhozo, onke amazwi ingekuko ngengozi.

Reviews umgxeki

Njengazo zonke imisebenzi ezithandwayo, ukuba asebenze begxeka Immanuel Kant kaThixo kwathiwa 'amadlala Isizathu esulungekileyo. " Inxulumene ngqo iimbono ezahlukeneyo zobulumko nabahlalutyi abanikezela intekelelo, izigqibo umsebenzi sisazinzulu. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba uhlalutyo isizathu na nzulu ukuze idatha kunokuba nzima ukuphendula imibuzo ingaphelelwayo kunye nophando. Ngoko ke, esebenzisa umsebenzi kant kukuba akunakwenzeka ukuvavanya ngokupheleleyo nolwazi priori zokwenziwa.

Lonke ulwazi uqala nge namava

Immanuel Kant wayezama ukubonisa umfundi ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwazi into, ngaphandle imvakalelo okanye hayi Kwinjoli. Ngoko ke, weyiseka ukuba naluphi na ulwazi luqala namava. Ichazwe ngokweenkcukacha umsebenzi wakhe (kuba ukugxekwa othile 'amadlala Isizathu Pure, "ange ebekuthanda), wazama ukunceda bonke abantu bafumane amava elusizi ukuba avumele umntu azi ingqondo yakhe. Kakade ke, asizizo zonke, kodwa ezinye zazo, kodwa kuya kuba linyathelo endleleni obude nzima. Ungazibonela ngokwakho ngokufunda indalo mkhulu Kant kaThixo.