Louvre Palace: imbali neefoto

Louvre Palace (France) iyimyuziyam nezintsonkothileyo yokwakha iziko ka Paris, esekwe phezu kwiinkulungwane ezininzi. Ekuqaleni ke kwakukho inqaba enkulu, kamva sakhiwe sibe yokuhlala basebukhosini unomtsalane. Namhlanje, oko imyuziyam mkhulu ehlabathini eneencwadi owayesisityebi imisebenzi yobugcisa.

incazelo

inkulu zemizi wembali eYurophu, iguqulelwa imyuziyam, kubekwe phezu kodonga lasekunene Seine. Kangangeminyaka 800, isakhiwo ngokutsha izihlandlo eziliqela. Ngokwamanani yezakhiwo Louvre sathatha iimpawu ekuvuselelweni ngokutsha, yobuciko, neo-classical kunye eclectic. Ezinye izakhiwo, Okuqhotyoshelwe omnye komnye, xa lilonke zenza isakhiwo enamandla, zakhiwe kwisicwangciso se-uxande evuthelweyo. Kakade ke, omnye imibombo ibalulekileyo iParis i Louvre Palace.

Isicwangciso esimbaxa kubandakanya:

• engundoqo isakhiwo, eziquka iinxalenye enxulumene amaziko amathathu;
• exposure komhlaba, yona inxalenye ebonakalayo iglasi yephiramidi uNapoleon eyadini;
• Inqaba yamandulo okuvezwa kunye Tuileries Gardens.

Zakhiwo kwezakhiwo kunye kwindawo ezingama-60 ukuya kwezingama-600 m ² museum ezingaphezu kwama-35 000 imisebenzi yobugcisa. A ilifa ihlabathi ibandakanya imizobo, imifanekiso, izacholo, izinto zemihla ngemihla, izinto zokwakha, yelo xesha ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ngenkulungwane ye-yeshumi elinesithoba. Phakathi avuleke zexabiso - tshe kunye Code kaHammurabi, Umfanekiso ka-Nike of eSamotraki, ekupeyinteni "Mona Lisa" yi uLeonardo da Vinci kunye nezinye yobuciko.

Abanemvume ekuqaleni

Louvre Palace, leyo lisukela emva kwinkulungwane XII, ekuqaleni wakhonza umsebenzi onombono ukuzithethelela. Ngelo xesha kaFilipu Augustus II ebukumkanini ngaphandle kwe Paris yakhiwa tridtsatimetrovoy inqaba ngoyaba - Keep. Olakhiwe kuyo 10 iinqaba ezincinane enxulumene eludongeni.

Ngaloo maxesha anzima, ingozi ephambili avela emntla-ntshona, ngalo naliphi na ixesha na kuhlasela Vikings okanye yama- itrone French ukusuka kwisizukulwana Plantagenet kunye Capetian. Ukongeza, umfela ndawonye kukumkani yaseNgilani yaba Duchy ka eNormandy, ibekwe ebumelwaneni.

Le nqaba waba umsebenzi onogada-ukuzithethelela. Imimandla ngamnye kwenqaba kunokubonwa zokugcina. Baya kuba kwinkcazelo elungiselelwe kwimbali Louvre, yaye njengomda reserve zakudala. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ukumkani owakhe enqabeni phezu kweziseko yenkqubo yokuqala ukuzithethelela. Kwenzeka ukuba, igama elithi "Louvre" ngolwimi lwe Franks lithetha "inqaba".

Abanemvume ngasekupheleni

Kwisiqingatha sesibini kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesine Louvre Palace unenzondelelo iinguqu ezinkulu. Ngelo xesha, iParis iye yandiswa kakhulu. iindonga zesixeko ezintsha kwinqaba iShushan ubudala ngaphakathi kwesixeko abakhuliswa. Ukubaluleka zeqhinga isakhiwo ukuzithethelela abizwa. UCharles V Wise wakha imboniselo ibe inqaba ummeli, wenjenjeya ikomkhulu lakhe.

Donjon waye ngokupheleleyo yakhiwa. Uyilo elingaphakathi iguqulwe iimfuno zokuhlala, kwakukho kophahla kunye uqoqo. Around quadrangle wakha izakhiwo zokuhlala norhwebo ukuphakama efanayo. Ngentla kwesango engundoqo wavuka turrets ezimbini ezincinane ezintle, leyo wanika ulwakhiwo nangobuciko ethile.

Inxalenye esezantsi iindonga ngokupheleleyo zigcinwe unanamhla. Iintsalela izakhiwo ziyathandwa ikota iphiko kwimpuma Louvre oku. In ethile - quadrangle ezijikeleze intendelezo square.

Renaissance

Kwinkulungwane yeshumi, uFrancis ndagqiba uzakhe Louvre Palace. Umakhi Per Lesko ecetywayo ukuyilandelela enqabeni kwi indlela le French Renaissance. Umsebenzi yaqala ngo-1546 kwaye baqhubeka phantsi Henry II.

isakhiwo esitsha ngaphambili ukuba i imilo oluxande kwintendelezo enkulu (Chur Kare) kodwa ekugqibeleni sitshintshele imilo isikwere. Ngexesha ubomi Pierre Lescot yayakhiwe inxalenye kuphela iphiko lasentshonalanga ngasezantsi. Yeyona izakhiwo ezigcinwe ngokupheleleyo zindala lo Louvre.

Lomhleli lisetyenziswa kwi bokwakha iifom classical, edibanisa nabo isikolo yemveli French (kophahla phezulu kophahla). Esi sakhiwo lubonakala ngokuba kuhambisana evumelanayo olungaphambili kunye imimandla ezintathu discontinuities ngohlobo windows buxande zinezihloko pediments ezibunxantathu, ezahlulwe pilasters kunye Iiveranda kumgangatho osezantsi. Olungaphambili babedla imifanekiso ezininzi. Louvre Ibhotwe e ezimele hayi ngaphantsi kwe emehlweni umxhelo. Lesko, kunye nomkroli Jean Goujon bakha iHolo Enkulu kunye oqingqiweyo ka-Artemis.

Ukwandiswa nqaba

Ebudeni bolawulo Ekateriny Medichi yayakhiwe ecaleni ebhotweni Tuileries , yaye liphuhlise ingqiqo elandisiweyo izakhiwo zakhe Louvre ezikhoyo. UHenry IV zisebenzise le projekthi.

Okokuqala Louvre Palace zentsalela lingadlulanga iqhaga endala kunye zentendelezo ezandisiweyo. Ngoko abakhi uJacques kunye Louis Métezeau Andrue zigqityiwe ukwakhiwa gallery wazifela waza waqalisa umsebenzi kwi igalari enkulu (Grand Gallerie), nto leyo wacofa Louvre kunye Tuileries.

Kakade apha kweli nqanaba sinzima iba nto yenzululwazi kunye nenkcubeko. Oko kwakukho indlu ishicilela, a Mint. Kwaye ngoko kwelinye zakhiwo savunyelwa ukuba sihlale kunye abakroli umsebenzi, ngabapeyinti, bejewellery, watchmakers, abenzi iingalo, bemifanekiso, nabaluki.

ngekhulu XVII

Louvre Palace waqhubeka ekhula yaye ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Louis XIII uyichole ikhuni lookhokho bakhe. Phantsi kwakhe Zhak Lemerse ukwakhiwa le nkundla yaqala iiyure-1624, yaye isakhiwo entla wamiswa - ikopi igalari uPierre Lescot.

Louis XIV, yaba ubuthathaka amaphulo amakhulu, wayalela ukuba azitshabalalise izakhiwo ezindala ze ugqibezele isithuba ezijikeleze intendelezo. Bonke badalwa kwi indlela efanayo. Kodwa injongo zibalaseleyo yaba kukwakha i-East Iveranda.

Ekubeni le nxalenye ibhotwe ejongene dolophu, oko wagqiba ukwenza ingakumbi emangalisayo. abakhi best yaseYurophu ixesha samenywa. Le projekthi zibalaseleyo thaca lo Italian Giovanni kukuyo. Wacela ukuba achithe yonke indlu yomkhosi, nokwakha entsha. Xa sicinga ngendlela ukuzingisa kunzima kunye nezintsonkothileyo wakha ukumkani odlulileyo, ingcamango sakhatywa. Klod Perro (umdala umzalwana ukubalisa Sharlya Perro) liphuhlise kwizibhambathiso, ukusuka apho intsimbi aqale.

Paris ubuso

East Iveranda baguqula Louvre Palace. Inkcazelo iingcali zokwakha imitha-173 zikhona ngolu hlobo - yeyona ngumfuziselo eliphezulu iingcinga classicism French. Klod Perro wala ezibalaseleyo ngexesha elikhulukazi lwezakhiwo ongumRoma, ngamasuntswana inxenye ye-iikholam kunye pilasters. Baye indawo kwiintsika moya evulekileyo isimbo laseKorinte, ephethe kuphahla (wayenayo ezintsha).

Kuyamangalisa ukuba C. Perrault (eneneni self-wafundisa) ingaba ukunika ubungangamsha kwesakhiwo ngaphandle imifanekiso ezineenkcukacha kwaye "zokuhombisa", zithandwa kakhulu kwinkulungwane XVII. izimvo zakhe ukuze omkhulu evumelanayo, elibheke kumgangatho ophantsi enkulu, misho bezakhiwo kulo lonke elaseYurophu. iintlobo zezakhiwo apho kwaye eSt Petersburg. Le mbono ukubeka ngababini ikholam phakathi iiwindow, kwelinye icala, wanceda ukugcina airiness ye kwivaranda, kwelinye - ukunyusa ubungakanani bokukhanya nghena amagumbi.

VXIII-XX kwekhulu

Ngeli thuba i-Louvre Palace ulahlekelwa ubume yokuhlala basebukhosini. Ngowe-1682 Korol Lyudovik kunye neqembu yakhe bafudukela Versailles. amagumbi abaninzi kuhlala phahla. Xa ukwakhiwa UNapoleon Bonaparte waqhubeka. Ngokutsho iprojekthi Visconti wongezelela kwi nephiko ngasentla. Fontaine and Percier - kwakhiwa amaziko amatsha.

Kwinkulungwane XX (iminyaka 1985-1989), lo wezakhiwo odumileyo IM Pei ecetywayo uyilo ngqindilili zaze ocacileyo lwembali ngokufihlakeleyo. Kule meko igalelo olongezelelweyo Louvre wenziwe ngokusebenzisa yephiramidi iglasi ngaxeshanye lwesakhiwo kweholo ngokufihlakeleyo.

ukubunjwa lweengqokelela

iingqokelela eyodwa Louvre waqalisa ukwenza ukususela ngexesha weNkosi uFrancis I, ubugcisa admirer Italian. Wahlanganisa ngemisebenzi lizwe yakhe yokuhlala Fontainebleau le Renaissance, uze emva koko bafudukela eParis.

Kwintlanganiso uFrancis I baba imizobo ka Raphael, uMichelangelo, ukuqokelelwa zobuhlalu. Ukongeza, lo mlawuli wamema ukusuka Apennines of the best Italian nabayili bezakhiwo, ngabapeyinti, bejewellery, abakroli. Edume undwendwe wakhe uLeonardo da Vinci, ilifa apho waya womzobo Louvre "Mona Lisa."

Ebudeni bolawulo kumkani Henry IV Louvre Palace eParis yaba liziko yokuluka yaseFransi. I-Grand Gallery waba iqela iinkosi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ogama imisebenzi yaba isiseko yimyuziyam elizayo. ULouis XIV ulithandile zonke ezintle. Kwi-ofisi yakhe yobukumkani, kwakukho elinesihlanu lamakhulu imizobo, isiFrentshi, Flemish, Italian kunye namagcisa Dutch.

The French Revolution negalelo kuphuhliso lolondolozo lwembali nenguqu yalo kwiziko loluntu. Iingqokelela lookumkani, izinhanha, iicawa ziye uhulumeni waza waba myuziyam. amaphulo Napoleonic baye baba umthombo wemvula le aziwayo zilandelayo. Emva kokoyiswa uNapoleon Bebuyile iziqwenga ngaphezulu kwe 5000 zabamnini ngaphambili kuthinjwa, kodwa abaninzi bahlala kwi Louvre.

Lokusekwa lolondolozo lwembali

26/07/1791 Assembly neqela wayalela ukuba ahlangane ebhotweni Louvre "amangcwaba ubugcisa nenzululwazi." Kuba museum yoluntu yavulwa ngomhla 11/18/1793.

Ngenkulungwane XX Louvre Palace, nto leyo ifoto bamxabela ubungangamsha, unenzondelelo utshintsho. Re gallery komhlaba kunye yephiramidi ngeglasi yakhiwa, yahlulelana ukuqokelelwa lolondolozo lwembali kaThixo. Kwakukho kuphela imisebenzi wadala phambi 1848. Imizobo kamva Impressionist safudukela Museum of Orsay kunye Impressionism. Abo imiboniso ukuthi zidalwe emva 1914 unguye Center National kubo. Georges Pompidou.