Kolawulo lobuFasi emhlabeni

kolawulo lobuFasi kwinkulungwane yama-20 bazisa kakhulu intlungu nokubandezeleka. Ke wabangela imfazwe kakhulu omkhulu kwimbali yabantu - kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Le nto isebenza kuphela kwelinye ilizwe - Italy. Ulawulo lwamaNazi eJamani ubizwa ngokuba "lwamaNazi." Kodwa ke eneneni ayenzi kutshintsha. Nakule la magama abe interchangeable, baye laziwa ubuntu, inkohlakalo, imfazwe kunye ikukudandatheka. Okulandelayo, siza kuhlolisisa ezi iindlela ezimbini kweli nqaku. Kwakhona ukuphendula umbuzo wokuba yintoni yolawulo zwilakhe ezifakwe Italy wayehlukile German.

ukuba nombono

Igama elithi "Fascism" imvelaphi Italian. Le nguqulelo lithetha "umqadi", "iqela", "umbutho". Le yintshukumo yezopolitiko eyayikho kumazwe zongxowankulu kulo lonke kwinkqubo lobunzima xesha. ngqesho Mass, ubuhlwempu, indlala - yonke loo nto yenza ukuba uthathe omnye jonga kwi inkqubo yangoku yezopolitiko.

ubungqina

kolawulo lobuFasi luphawulwa mpawu zilandelayo:

• iintlobo kakhulu zobundlobongela ukujongana kwanabo.
• ukulawula inani phezu zonke iinkalo zobomi kwezentlalo: inkcubeko, ubugcisa, amajelo eendaba, imfundo, uqeqesho, njalo njalo
• uhlobo ngokusebenzisa izigalo. Umgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle olawulo zwilakhe ejoliswe ukucinezelwa umhlaba omtsha ngeenjongo zokuxhaphaza ngokungenabuntu.

emibonweni

kolawulo lobuFasi zahlukile endibuthethileyo ideology esekelwe:

• Ukucula 'demagogy. Izithethi lwamaNazi izinto, ngokuqhelekileyo elikhulu, ngaphandle amagama ezintsonkothileyo namabinza. ngokusebenza kwabo icacile, nkqu abemi abafundileyo kakubi abo aqalile "ukuqonda" umthombo zonke iingxaki karhulumente, ukholo inkokeli, ukulandela ukuba abe nekamva eliqaqambileyo.
• Leaderism. Inkqubo yonke onamathele ngeenxa inkokeli mnye, ngaphandle apho engasebenziyo.

ulawulo zwilakhe uMussolini kaThixo

Uphuhliso nolawulo yileyo e-Italy linxulunyaniswa igama uMussolini. umbutho lokuqala zwilakhe kweli lizwe kwaqala ukuvela ngoMatshi 1919. Baye ngokuba "ukulwa Alliance" ( "Fashi Di kombattimento"). Inkoliso yamalungu azo - nxaxheba kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Aba bantu okukhulu iimbono chauvinist ubuzwe. Lo mbutho yaye yakhokelela neciko abanezakhono B. uMussolini.

Totalitarianism slogans lwentando yesininzi

Ephawulekayo ngenxa yokuba amaqela amaninzi kunye zezepolitiki owawusiza amandla, ukudala imithetho ngegqudu yileyo, esebenzisa amazwi kakhulu silinene, lwentando yesininzi. Ngoko ke waba ngumbutho uMussolini. Ukuba acele inkxaso inginginya, wathembisa kwiparadesi esemhlabeni:

• Ukupheliswa yeeNgwevu, amapolisa, amalungelo kunye nezihloko.
• belungelo lovoto.
• amalungelo Civil nenkululeko.
• Isikali okuqhubekayo irhafu, ukupheliswa amahlwempu.
• iyure-ezisibhozo ngosuku lokusebenza.
• abalimi Ukuvumela ubunini bomhlaba.
• izixhobo jikelele, eli ligatya iingalo ubuhlanga imfazwe.
• Ukuzimela koonondaba, iijaji, njl

UMussolini wathembisa ukuba ngabemi yonke into akwazi nokuphupha kuphela. Olunye ungathanda ukuba ukukhumbula islogani wamaKomanisi "kwifektri - abasebenzi, ilizwe -. Abalimi"

Ukuza ku namandla fascists e Italy

Umbuso zwilakhe eItali waqalisa ukuba imilo ngo-1921. Kwaba ngoko awathi intshukumo "Union" Baqala kumzabalazo evulekileyo ngenxa yamandla. Ngeli xesha, inkxaso yabantu omkhulu. iipowusta ze ne kuk lobuxoki demagogy, vula uthembisa ukuba akukho mntu liyakusebnza, wenza iqhinga.

UMussolini wenza izinto ezisitheleyo loo mandla uya kufumana nanini na ngexabiso. Njengoko bathi kwingxelo: "Ngoku umbuzo amandla uba umbuzo ngamandla."

ikholam Abaxhobileyo wenza i "imatshi iRoma" ngo-shirt abamnyama-Oktobha 28, 1922. UKumkani Victor Emmanuel wavuma ukwenza ngumlungiseleli uMussolini yinkulumbuso. Urhulumente waba nabuganga ukuba umzabalazo wezigalo owawusilwa Fascism. Kakade on October 30, komjikelo loloyiso yendlu yabasebenza kwiikota baseRoma. Le omtsha lubonise ukuba ixesha inkunkuma akukho namnye oya. Le Umngcelele sakhatshwa abahlali kunye uxabana wobusoshiyali ungonelisekanga.

"Ukugcina Promise"

nkqubo imithetho ngokungenalusini karhulumente usoloko isekelwe demagogy nezithembiso. Siye ezidweliswe ngentla izilogani prevozglasil isithethi Italian phambi kokuba weza kwisikhundla sokuba yinkulumbuso. Emva kokuqeshwa imibala (inkokeli) kwaba "ukugcwalisa" inkqubo yayo waza waqalisa ngokutsha wolawulo zwilakhe:

• Ukumisela ulawulo engqongqo karhulumente kuwo onke amacandelo oluntu, kuqukwa uqoqosho. Corporations wadala inkqubo apho kuphela kwakukho iqela yayo eziphicothiweyo zwilakhe, abantu.
• Ukuseka nenkokeli yehlelo (imibala). Emibonweni yonke kunye nenkqubo ezopolitiko enokulungiswa phantsi kolawulo uMussolini.
• Uzwilakhe ndilibele ukuba ngonaphakade kwakukho kubukho bukaThixo. Waza wenza umnqophiso kunye Vatican, inkxaso ngokwezimali. Ebudeni uPope Pius XI wathi uMussolini "wathumela phantsi kwamazulu."
• Urhulumente waqalisa ubumfazwe ngenkuthalo. Athembisa ukuba izixhobo umkhosi lwenziwa kuphela, kodwa kunokuba eyaphukileyo.

Common phakathi Italy kunye iJamani kukuba kolawulo wayethembele ngamandla owake uBukhosi baseRoma. UMussolini ingqalelo ngokwakhe ezihlangwini nesooKesare. thumo lwakhe emhlabeni wabona ekubuyiselweni kwemida mmandla. Noko ke, ukuba zifake ilizwe laseYurophu ayikwazanga. Ngoko ke, njengokuba lizwe wokuqala abanyuliweyo "Carthage" - i Libya bahluphekayo kunye nezixhobo abangekaphuhli wobukhosi. Bonke ungqamene:

• Ilizwe Afrika yinxalenye uBukhosi baseRoma kumaxesha amandulo.
• Libya waba izixhobo ezinamandla. Kukhona kungaba baqeqeshwe izenzo ekhubekisayo.
• A uloyiso encinane wamnika amalungelo ezopolitiko.

Ngethamsanqa, i zokuma Italian akazange afumane ioli kweli lizwe, ngoko uHitler kwafuneka asebenze ukuzama ukufumana bese eYurophu. Phambi kokuba iidiphozithi Baku-zizityebi eRashiya, akazange wakwenza. Ke amisa Stalingrad. Akwaziwa ibali wayeya kuba njani, ukuba komhlaba e-Afrika musa lizama, ekubeni Libya - lizwe zizityebi oovimba "ngegolide black".

LwamaNazi (zamaNazi) uncuma Germany: oonobangela imvelaphi

E eJamani, intshukumo intshukumo National Socialist zisenzeka ngexesha elinye njenga kwi Italy. imbonakalo yazo, kunye republic eSoviet waba imvelaphi ilandelayo:

• AmaJamani bangaziva yisiwe leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. iiyunithi zabo ukulwa wema iikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka eParis. Ukuba akunjalo kuba kukulahlwa soMhlekazi waseJamani, ngoko eJamani, mhlawumbi, ukuba abe winner kule mfazwe.
• Emva kokuba ekubulaleni namahlakani German ziye izibonelelo ezifana okokuqala kweli lizwe kwakukho indlala, intswelangqesho, intlupheko, umbhodamo kwezoqoqosho emali. Oku kwadala ingqiqo sikweni kunye nomsindo. AmaJamani babekholelwa ukuba bakhohlisiweyo. Kukusayina ihlabathi, waza wafumana iwonga iyikoloni iBritani neFransi.

Nazi Party (NSDAP)

Ezi zizathu wathabatha ngokubethwa yangaphambili Adolf Hitler, ngubani ensimbi umnqamlezo ukulwa ekulweni, ibhaso liphezulu ijoni. Waba ngunozala le Party Socialist Workers 'National. inkqubo kwayo ngo 1920 kuquka ukulwa "capitalism embi":

• Ukurhoxiswa yomvuzo unearned, ie, abakuthandayo kuboleka ngokubambisa. Le ndawo lujolise ngokupheleleyo amaYuda.
• Le phantsi kwesizwe kwamashishini amakhulu qhinga.
• Ukutshintshelwa yeevenkile ukuba umthengisi amancinci German.
• Inguqu kwezemihlaba, kuvalwe intelekelelo.

Izizathu kwimpumelelo NSDAP

party Hitler, beza amandla kancinane umzabalazo yezopolitiko kulonyulo. Ngasinye amazwi ezintsha National Socialist wafumana amalungelo, de Adolf Hitler abawazanga loo nguTshansila. Kwakukho izizathu ezininzi zempumelelo:

• ze kwezopolitiko Active. Ingcamango Fuehrer njengoko imibala wayehluke ukulwelwa nobu-, inkolelo yokuba nekamva eliqaqambileyo.
• iindlela Power. Ngokukodwa wadala iiyunithi amabutho "avala" (CA) iiyunifom brown kugqogqa iqela lezopolitiko ayihlasela ukushicilelwa, nezitali phephandaba. Xa kwakukho nokuba iinzame of lika wamajoni, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Beer Hall Putsch. Noko ke, abasemagunyeni eJamani, ngokungafaniyo eItali, sendide ukusebenzisa izixhobo ukucinezela.
• inkxaso-mali. Hitler exhaswa izangqa ebanzi zebhanki eUnited States. Ababhali-mbali bathi abaqeshwa NSDAP bafumana imivuzo yabo zeedollar, njengoko uphawu waseJamani ixabiso kakhulu. Sebenzela uHitler ukuba zindala kakhulu, wayefuna ukuba kuye phantse bonke abantu abasebenzayo.

Neo - ngxaki mihla

Ngelishwa, imithetho ngokungenalusini karhulumente baye bafunda nto abantu. Njalo iipokotho flash neo kwilizwe elithile. Kulo efanayo eJamani, emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, umbutho omtsha neo-zwilakhe. Kwamanye amazwe, imikhosi lungaka wasebenzisa amandla. Umzekelo, oku kwenzeka eGrisi ngowe-1967 kwaye eChile ngo-1973.

Namhlanje, iingxaki yobuFasi kunye nobuzwe kakhulu efanelekileyo. Yokufika okukhulu nezilwanyana ezingeyonzalelwane yalapha eYurophu, ihambo yabo neliyingozi, ukusilela ukuba amkele imithetho kunye nemigaqo wemikhosi kwenziwe ukunganeliseki. Wasebenzise eli lungelo-iphiko yezopolitiko imikhosi. Enye yezi - iqela 'Alternative for iJamani ", nto leyo abuthele lokuvota Landtags yasekuhlaleni.