Kitai-Gorod, eMoscow, eSt Petersburg ... Kutheni kuthiwa umzi lo mzi?

amagama aqhelekileyo, izibizo nezichazi, amagama imilambo kunye needolophu zidla isifundo etymologists target. Izazinzulu ufuna ukufika ngoyena ndoqo imvelaphi ingqiqo ethile. Kaloku, umzekelo. Kutheni ebizwa umzi lo mzi? Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, makhe sijonge mazwi uguqulwa njani yaye kwenzeka ntoni abalinganiswa.

A and B babehleli phezu ityhubhu, okanye kutheni eso sixeko igama umzi

Incazelo elula kukuba ekugqibeleni igama elithi "umyezo" (indawo) baphulukana ileta "o". Ukuqhubeka etymological "ugrumba" silandele logic yabantu, unako ukuzoba ezifanayo kanye ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba "ngaphandle" (yokungena kule lali) - yavela ucutheko wayelapha emhlabeni ibinzana elithi "malunga ebusweni". Ukuba isichotho - olu hlobo zokuhlala ziingcungcu kunye ucingo nkqi, umzekelo, ibhotwe okanye enqabeni yomkhosi, ngoko ucingo (okanye egadini) lithetha "Nowujikeleza umzi", oko kukuthi, kufutshane ummandla obiyelweyo ngaphandle. Yiyo loo nto loo sixeko igama umzi.

Amaninzi, abantu bezinto ezinjalo iingcibi kunye nabathengi. Xa inani labahlali landa okologorodnih, bazakhela ukukhusela ucingo entsha - eludongeni. Ngoko isixeko waza wakhulela phantsi esembindini, ivaliwe iindonga inezakhiwo.

Enoba Chinese owayehlala Moscow yamandulo?

Ke eMoscow yakhiwa namakhonkco, njengoko oko kungqinwa izihionipho ezigcinwe: i-Garden Ring, i-Boulevard Ring . Nabanye Ngenkulungwane ye-15, Ivan III wabakhupha usapho kucingo yesicelo unokwakhela, abantu bendawo nomi abantu. Ukwakhiwa olunye udonga kwagqitywa abakhi Italian ngo-1538. Le ndawo sele ifumene igama umdla - China Town, kunye nodonga ngokwalo ngokuba Kitai-Gorod. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kule ndawo bobabo kwisithili Abakwenzayo kwaye kweenkcubeko Business Centre solawulo, ka eMoscow. Kutheni ebizwa China Town? Placename isuka ngomxube amagama Russian-Italian yaye lithetha "udonga lomzi". Ngokutsho kuguqulelo mnye, igama elithi "China" livela zamaTurkic kwaye ngokoqobo lithetha enqabeni yomkhosi, indawo enqatyisiweyo. Kodwa kwenye hypothesis, Kwathi igama East Slavic "China", "iminenga", gama elo elithetha "ngathi ucingo ', wena wakhiweyo kumgaqo ucingo. Olunjalo oluqinile osontiweyo ezibekwe kumgama enye kwenye, yaye umsantsa phakathi kwabo ezaliswe emhlabeni, amatye amakhulu, igrabile nodongwe. Ngenxa yoko udonga onamandla kunene, yokuwa athi ngamanye amaxesha abakwazanga nkqu cannonballs. Ngenxa yoko, i-Chinese ayikho eMoscow.

isayensi kunjalo umdla - etymology! Izifundo amagama ecacileyo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa, uyakwazi ukuqonda isizathu sokuba esi sixeko igama umzi. Kodwa emva amagama ethu ndawo.

Kanye ngo-1922 eMoscow saba likomkhulu yiSoviet Union, oko baqalisa ngokutsha enkulu kunye ngokutsha isithuba ezidolophini. udonga ilitye elimhlophe of China-dolophu sachithwa ngokupheleleyo ngo-1934. Ezinye iintsalela esi sakhiwo aye alondolozwa kwi square. Revolution e Ithiyetha Lane kodwa kwisikhululo sikaloliwe "China Idolophu" kwi kwicala "Varvarka".

Ngomhla elunxwemeni lomlambo umgxobhozo

"Kuya kubakho isixeko wakha eMoscow wayo uya kubizwa ngegama lomlambo!" - utshilo kaYuri Dolgoruky. Lwaba iingxelo zembali uchaze isicwangciso enkulu dolophu. Enyanisweni, ilali encinane lomlanjana wayekho elide ngaphambi kwesi siganeko esibalulekileyo 1147. Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba sisixeko Moscow, kucacile - ke igama lomlambo, olakhelwe kuso. Yaye yintoni kanye ethi ukuthini? Kukho yeengcinga ezininzi, ukucacisa imvelaphi yegama. Etymology kunye nezinye abaphandi basaqhubekeka ukujongana kwimbali ukubunjwa kunye nemilinganiselo yayo. Ngoko ke eli gama lithetha ntoni? Yaye kutheni eso sixeko igama umzi, kunokuba, yithini, emaphandleni?

Ngokumalunga lwegama yesibini Akukho umahluko. Kukholelwa ukuba intetho abantu Komi waboleka yamasuntswana "-wa", elithetha "ezimanzi" okanye "amanzi". A yegama lokuqala kukuthi ngentetho evakalayo ngokwahlukileyo. Siqwalasela iinguqulelo ezininzi:

• "Mosquito" - "mnyama" okanye "abamnyama" ngeelwimi lweBaltic;
• Komi abantu liguqulelwe ngokuba 'inkomo ";
• Mari kwenzeka 'Mesca "(bear);
• Translation Czech - 'isonka ekrwada ";
• igama Slovaks nto imiselwe ku "amile";
• abantu Erzya "mazy" - lihle, "Kuva" - ndawo.
• kwi Slavonic ngolwimi "Mosquito" - i "moorland".

Emva alula, kuvela ukuba eMoscow - umlambo kunye ezinodaka, kumanxweme afumileyo, okanye nje "amanzi kumgxobhozo". Le nguqulo kuqinisekiswa yi kukuba umlambo kuthatha ekuqaleni yalo Starkovskogo kumgxobhozo.

Ekuqaleni kwakukho nje inqaba

Enye isixeko Russian ogama imbali izihloko rhoqo Iyandonwabisa bengasenasazela iingqondo ambuze - Petersburg. Entlanjeni lomlambo Neva, zibangwe Sweden incanyathiselwa uBukhosi Russian, uPetros ndathi ukwakha isixeko inqaba. Ekubeni ekwakhiweni kwayo (1703) kunye 1720 inqaba yokuqala ngokuba eSt Peter-Burj. Kamva igama itshintshile izihlandlo eziliqela, loo nto ayizange kunciphisa ixabiso le nto. Yintoni elungileyo izise nokudalwa isixeko entsha elunxwemeni Neva?

• Russia wazuza ukufikelela kwiindlela elwandle entsha.
• Ngenkuthalo waqala ukuba imikhumbi.
• Future uPetros Paul Fortress sele umqobo ethembekileyo ukuya bahlaseli.

Kamva lo Fort wakhula isixeko esihle, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba likomkhulu kumantla eRashiya.

ESt Peter-Burj, okwabizwa ngokuba St Petersburg, naye Petrograd, iLeningrad ne St Petersburg

Ukususela 1720 ukuya kowe-1914, yaye ikomkhulu loBukhosi Russian kwathiwa St. Petersburg. "Saint" - ngcwele, "UPetros" - UPetros, "Burj" - umzi, sifumana i "kwisixeko St Peter." Kubonakala izimvo nesilima, kuba yonke into icacile. Ikomkhulu wathiywa igama umsunguli wayo. Yiyo loo nto loo sixeko igama St. Petersburg.