Filipp Orlik kunye noMgaqo-siseko wayo

Filipp Orlik (Philip Orlik -. Ukr) Uyile phantsi embalini njengenye abapolitiki anempembelelo kwimpuma Yurophu. igama lakhe linxulunyaniswa imbonakalo ekuthinjweni lokuqala yezopolitiko - emva kokoyiswa i balwa e Poltava abalandeli 1709 Ivan Mazepa yaqokelelwa kwisixeko Bendery, elabhengezwa i "urhulumente elubhacweni" ezintsha. Emva kokufa Mazepa besiba headed filipp Orlik.

curriculum vitae

Kwafika oziphethe elizayo kwintsapho owaziwayo Orlikov, kudala wahlala imeko yezopolitiko ngokuqinileyo ubukumkani Czech. Emva iimfazwe Hussite, irola enzima ukuqhuba nge Mpuma Yurophu ngenkulungwane ye-14, isebe ngodaba le zizigwili bathutha ezinzile Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, uze - kwi-Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In nayo. Yenzani ibekwe kufuphi Vilnius, owazalwa filipp Orlik. Umhla wokuzalwa - 11 Oktobha 1672 - ibonisa ixesha ngokufanelekileyo elinzima kwimbali kwimpuma Yurophu: i Cossacks wasivuna kwimida lizwe kwaye zibonisa uhlaselo nezibonda naseTurkey. Konyaka emva kokuzalwa uyise nonyana wakhe wabulawa janissaries ikrele kweli dabi Khotin. Czech uLord Baron lunqulo yamaKatolika, kodwa unina uFilipu, Irina, wazalwa Orthodox. Njengoko kunjalo, uFilipu wamthabatha unqulo nonina waza waqalisa ukwenza Orthodox. Ayimangalisi into yokuba kungekudala kwenye yeedyunivesithi kunayo yonke abafundi zakwalizwi ixesha kuluhlu, igama elitsha - filipp Orlik. Photo zelo ziko alisebenzelayo, kwaye ngoku afumaneka kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo.

ulutsha

E Kiev-Mohyla Academy, ukukwazi kwe-uFilipu oselula lavulwa okusemandleni alo. umsebenzi onzima, unyamezelo, italente yakhe ikhono ukuqhuba neengxoxo kakhulu ayazise wezakwalizwi owaziwayo-kakuhle kwaye neciko Stefan Yavorsky. Emva kokuba ikhademi filipp Orlik e Kiev yaye yenye yeendawo kunye Kyïv Sisixeko. Emva koko ihlangabezana intombi ka-Paul Gertsyk, sashiya ka Poltava, yaye ngo-698 watshata intanda yakhe, ukomeleza indawo yayo phakathi omkhulu Cossack.

Amanyathelo okuqala kwezopolitiko

imvelaphi elungileyo, imfundo esemgangathweni kunye neempawu zanceda Orlik oselula kwenza umsebenzi omangalisayo. Yena abe mcebisi ka Hetman Ivan Mazepa. Ivan Stepanovich yaba Orlik kwizibulo emnqamlezweni. Ngexesha elifutshane filipp Orlik waba ngomnye wabantu abaninzi abazizityebi of Ukraine - yakhe ifama neelali kummandla Poltava kunye Chernihiv. A nendawo trustee I. S. Mazepy wavumela F. Orlik zihlale zinolwazi ngazo zonke izigqibo yimbali. Kungelo xesha incoko elide kunye nomhlobo wakhe ally eyabangela I. S. Mazepu kwingcamango usebenzisa ubutshaba ka Sweden kunye uBukhosi Russian, ngenjongo ukuphelisa bobabini kwaye udale imo Ukrainian.

Battle of Poltava kunye nendima Ivan Mazepa

Around Ivan Mazepa ababesoloko inxalenye amagosa Cossack, abangazange bafune ukuvuma ubukhulu nobunganga boMgaqo nguzwilakhe Russian. Umnqweno ndaphule umnqophiso ngenkulungwane ubudala enomfutho ukuphazamiseka ekrwada zobukhulu zinkulu weRashiya kwimicimbi zangaphakathi Ukraine. Kwaye ke Cossacks, abefundisi kunye burgesses abazange abalivuyeli status quo kwaye ufuna ukutshintsha ukuba ngcono. Kuyinto ndawonye imali yabo nokuphuhlisa izicwangciso ukuze kwakhiwe sokumiswa Ukrainian. Exhaswa Sweden, abaxhasi Mazepa wazama ukuseka umbuso ozimeleyo, nto leyo ukuthatha izikhundla kunye filipp Orlik. Biography nomxhasi othembekileyo zabonakala plus enkulu kuphuhliso lwe Orlyk njenge Hetman of Ukraine. amathuba Good zingqinwa esekhulile ka Mazepa, kwaye kwacaca ukuba lo ally oyinyaniso lweli Hetman geqe Ukraine kumele uthathe indawo yawo efanelekileyo ngurhulumente omtsha, ezizimeleyo.

hetman

Imbali kunye nothotho iingozi awavumelekanga ukuba ukuphumeza isicwangciso Mazepa. Emva kokoyiswa kwi Idabi Poltava Karl XII kunye nabaxhasi bakhe, waya emzini aseMoldova ka Bender. Kwaba khona ukuba emva kokufa Ivan Stepanovich yaba hetman filipp Orlik. Hetman of Ukraine xa lilonke, kwaye wayibona uKumkani eSweden, kunye umbusi Turkish. Lo msitho ebibanjwe ngokutsho Cossack kwizithethe endala, njengoko kuthelekiswa ukuqeshwa Hetman ukumkani ngasekunene-bank Ukraine. Ukuya ngasempumalanga inkokheli Dnieper Cossack waba Ivan Skoropadsky.

ngokwamkelwa komgaqo-siseko

Kodwa isiganeko engundoqo nembali yaba ngokwamkelwa komgaqo-siseko yokuqala ebhaliweyo ehlabathini ngo-1710. Ukuba waqokelela ndawonye onke amasiko nezithethe amalungelo Cossack, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izithethe lwesakhiwo mihla kwezopolitiko eYurophu, Ukraine yamkela umgaqo-siseko, umbhali walo filipp Orlik. biography emfutshane ngumpolitiki kuyo nayiphi: iindawo zehlabathi elonyulwe njengokuba ngembali yobomi bomntu, uzama ukusebenzisa ngokusemthethweni imithetho yedemokhrasi.

Filipp Orlik kunye noMgaqo-siseko wayo

Umthetho iphambili kweli lizwe ibhalwe ngolwimi Latin nabadala Ukrainian, iqulethwe iinxalenye 16 kunye kwintshayelelo. Baqalisa isibhengezo senkululeko, akukho ligatya kobunganga kuyo nayiphi na imiqathango - nangasekhohlo zabo kwicala lasekunene Dnieper. Hetman yenzelwe ukunciphisa amandla ebhodini engundoqo, nto leyo iza kuqulatha zamasekela akhethwe regiments Cossack. kwakuya kwenza intlanganiso abadala kunye colonels. Hetman kwafuneka enze izigqibo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo izindululo ibhodi yayo. Ukongeza, enikelweyo izihlandlo ezithathu ngomnyaka, babutha Ukutya enkulu. Oku kuquka izigidimi amabutho Zaporozhye, amalungu abefundisi, abameli yonke imizi Ukraine.

UMgaqo-siseko uqinisekisa amalungelo nenkululeko bonke abemi karhulumente, kungakhathaliseki ukuba impahla kunye neklasi ngobuntshatsheli. Ukongezelela koko, wayecebe ukuba baphumeze kubuyiselo lomhlaba, ukukhangela lonke ilizwe, ngokungekho mthethweni zifakiwe okanye idluliselwe kwi kumashishini abucala - ukuze zingqinelane isikhundla ngayo abona bafundi bahluphekayo. elizimele Ukrainian yayikukusasaza yonke kummandla Ukraine, kunye nemida olu hlanga lutsha kwafuneka ukuba ukuhlonipha onke amazwe angabamelwane.

Iziphumo ze-siseko

Imbonakalo nje ngumqulwana obaluleke kakhulu loo nto ibonisa inqanaba wokukhanya kunye sokumiswa iinkokeli Cossack kwinkulungwane yokuqala ye-18. Inqanaba wemfundo ngokubanzi ixesha kuvunyelwa ukuba bathembele yokuba zonke ezintsha ziya kwamkelwa yaye yavunywa yi ngabantu. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, olu xwebhu kwaye kange umiselwe ukuba ube siseko lokuqala lwentando karhulumente yokwenene. uphindelela ukutshintsha indlela iziganeko kwaye ayikwazanga kuphumelela. Urhulumente lokuqala Ukrainian kuvele iminyaka emibini kuphela engamakhulu kamva.

Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe filipp Orlik babehlala kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu. abantwana bakhe saa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, kunye nonyana omdala Gregory wayekwazi ukwenza ubutyebi eFransi waza waba umnini kumazwe amaninzi kufuphi Paris. inzala yakhe kwiminyaka emininzi kamva wathengisa umhlaba urhulumente waseFransi, kwaye kule ndawo lwakwakhiwa moya, ogama emva kokuba umnini wokuqala - "Orly".

Ngumdali efanayo kakhulu-siseko wokuqala waphela ubomi bakhe kwisixeko aseMoldova Iasi. De kwafika imihla yokugqibela iileta ezivela kulo lonke elaseYurophu kuye, wazama ukuba ukugcina imbali yeziganeko zezopolitiko. Kodwa ke amandla lobuzwilakhe tsarist wazuza amandla, yaye ndiyathemba ukuba balahle ukubambelela amagunya asebumelwaneni kwaba mbalwa kakhulu.

De kube ngoku, neenduli eziluhlaza Moldova, Bender abe ngumqondiso ekhumbulekayo Filippa Orlika. Le ndawo abakhenkethi ehlabathini lonke ngokwamkela ngokuthanda uhlanga adumileyo Ukraine.