Imbali umzi ka-St Petersburg. iinyani ezinika umdla malunga St Petersburg

Abaninzi namagqala ubudala ungathanda bathi ngoku, asinguwo umzi lo, amaxesha atshintshile kunye nabantu. Noko ke, njengaye nawuphi sizukulwana, ifikelele ngeminyaka kunye utshintsho waphawula. Lonke utshintsho ibonisa imbali mzi. Saint Petersburg - enye ezintle, esisityebi iindidi iziganeko, zokuhlala isimanga nkqu eyimfihlakalo. Ekubeni yasinda ekutshatyalalisweni revolution, imfazwe, i Petrograd handsome (aka uPetros iLeningrad) namhlanje utsala abakhenkethi hayi kuphela lizwe kodwa ehlabathini jikelele.

Ukuba kukho ukuhamba ezitratweni, apho kanye nahamba Brodsky bokuhamba wavuma uthando lwakhe Asa Dovlatov. Bathi ukuba nkqu abangenamakhaya apha ukuziphatha neenkosi okwenyaniso.

Indlela ukwakha isixeko

Into yokuqala kukuba ukwazi indlela kwakukho St. Petersburg. Imbali komzi (isishwankathelo linikwa kwi inqaku) iqala kwinkulungwane XVII. Yaba 1703. uPetros nam ndoyisayo Ingermlandiyu yaye ngokukhawuleza sagqiba ukwakha kula mazwe enqabeni yomkhosi, ekuqaleni nosivshuyu igama eSt Peter-Burj. Ngoko ke wambiza ukumkani wayo; kodwa hayi uzuko lwakhe, ephuma ngentlonipho uyabathanda umpostile uPetros. Xa olunye uhlobo lwale gama libhekisela ilizwe lonke washiya ukuba ukususela kwimihla bamaxesha amandulo, xa owayelawula leTeutonic Knights.

Okumangalisa imbali mzi. St. Petersburg waqalisa uphila ngexesha apho yonke into usaqhubeka Great Northern War, kuba kuqala konke oko kwakuthetha ukuba abe yinqaba yokuzithethelela. Rumor yokuba ilitye yokuqala esabekwa ukumkani, yaye xa kwenzeke oku, isibhakabhaka nokhozi luphaphazela.

Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba eyona njenge lamandulo, ngenxa yokuba ezi ntaka Akufumanekanga na kule ndawo, yaye uPetros ngokwakhe ekwakhiweni iinqanawa kude noPetros.

Sasisebenza ekudalweni isixeko inani labantu ezintathu ezilikhulu lamawaka. Bona abaqeshwe qho iishifti ezimbini okanye ezintathu, eyathatha ukususela ngoMatshi ukuya ku-Oktobha.

Kukholelwa imbali igazi lo mzi. St. Petersburg Kudla ngokuthiwa, emi phezu namathambo, njengokuba abakhi abaninzi babulawa ngexesha lomsebenzi. Le nto kakhulu ntiyiso. Masters anikwa umxhesho kunye nemali lo msebenzi, nto leyo kuqinisekiswa amaxwebhu. Nangona ukwenza ngaphandle olahlwa. Kuba shift ngalinye Ukhwelise abantu kulo lonke elo lizwe, kodwa akazange eze yonke. Abo bafika, maxa wambi walwela ukuba basinde. Ukuze ufumane ukumkani mbaleki wayalela entolongweni ndibavalela entolongweni intsapho yakhe uhlale apho de yokuduka ngokwayo utsho.

Ingaba kwenzeka ntoni phambi koko?

Kodwa ke akusoloko efanayo kwakukho St. Petersburg.

Imbali emfutshane mzi, ukuba abantwana uza kuba ngokukodwa umdla. Malunga kwesigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwindawo ngoku Wakhula nkqubo amahlathi ezinkulu zamaxesha athile ngonyaka, imilambo baba eliqukuqela elizeleyo. Xa Wathatha amandla ezandleni zabo kwabafileyo kobusika, inkoliso ilizwe kuhlawulwa yi ice lizwekazi. Ngubani wayecinga ukuba indawo uPetros elimgcinayo inwebu frozen ubukhulu wamanzi phantse 1 sekhilomitha. Okt Imbonakalo glacier namhlanje, wayeza ukufihla isixeko "kunye isithsaba."

Xa umlambo enxulumene kwimbali mzi. St. Petersburg imi phezu Neva River, leyo, Noko ke, abazange ayisekho nokuba iminyaka 4-5 eliwaka phambi kokuba ukwakha. Wentsingiselo sangoku ichibi echazwe kwiminyaka 2500 kuphela eyadlulayo. Ngaphambi kule endaweni yakhe ngoxolo benza Tosna kunye Iiklip.

izizwe yamandulo yaseYurophu - emva kokuba ngumkhenkce, waya ebantwini ndawo beza baqala ukuza. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, igama lomlambo engundoqo wanika Indo-abaMhlophe. Ngokuba iwaka leminyaka ngaphambi kokuba uKristu weza apha izinyanya Balts kunye eFinland.

izizwe Eastern lenqaba weza Neve kuphela BC ngenkulungwane IX, Bakha Novgorod Rus. Umhlaba aqala ukwenza ngenkuthalo, ukukhulisa uqoqosho, yezandla kuphuhliswa kunye norhwebo.

Njengoko St. Petersburg yayilikomkhulu

Ukususela ngo 1712 ikomkhulu loBukhosi Russian ibhengeze Saint Petersburg.

Imbali isixeko iqala udumo kunye nokuqondwa. Oku ngoko nangoko zidluliselwe zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo, kodwa kukho ayigange. Enyanisweni, lo mzi waba eSweden. Oku kunjalo kuphela kwimbali, xa ikomkhulu urhulumente ku ezahlukene omnye.

ngaphezulu kancinane ngaphezu kwekhulu isixeko igcina isidima sayo kwaye ndaphulukana nawo ebukumkanini Peter II, ngoko wabuyela uyigoduse.

Isizathu sokuba ushukumisa capital ukuchaza orientation pro-yaseYurophu yokumkani. St. Petersburg isimntwiso entsha, mihla, Western, ngoxa eMoscow kuthathwa amazwi, ubudala, Oriental. Loo ngxabano, kwaye achaze utshintsho rhoqo iwonga kunye Petrov eMoscow yi umzi.

De kube ngoku, uPetros ebizwa ongasentla, yenkcubeko, ikomkhulu okrelekrele Russia.

Isixeko kwinkulungwane XIX

wazisa XIX kwekhulu umzi akunangxaki. The War of 1812 afuna imali rhoqo. Ngenxa yokuba uphuhliso St. Petersburg kuhlile noko, njengoko washiya yonke imali ukugcina amajoni. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye ukunyusa ixabiso uPetros njengeziko yolawulo.

Ugxininiso yabekwa kwinzululwazi, ngokusekwa amaziko emfundo. Kwakhona, lakhiwa yoshicilelo. Enye impumelelo edume - ukuvulwa kwe Pulkovo Observatory kunye Russian Geographic Society, apho ixesha elide wahlala Kumaziko lizwe zenzululwazi.

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XIX kwathiwa Northern Dvina Canal, nto leyo izisa kwinqanaba elitsha St. Petersburg. Imbali isixeko (ifoto kwixesha phantse watshabalala) yenza a turn elibukhali - ukuqala ukuphuhlisa urhwebo noshishino kwi ngeendleko neendawo ezintsha zothutho. Kwakhona ikhula kuyilo yokwakha kweso sixeko. On olungaphambili, uPetros wasebenza siziinkosi kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle kunye zasekhaya.

Lullaby revolution

Trip ukuya Cruiser "Aurora" (St. Petersburg) - imbali sixeko kubantwana ngohlobo ezintsha. Kwaye lokuqhubeka yokuhamba uyakwazi onokumxelela ngayo ezo ziganeko.

Nokuba phambi revolution, nini, ngenxa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I yokuguguma abavakalelwa anti-German, kwagqitywa ukuthiya ngokutsha isixeko Petrograd. Ukukhula kolu shishino kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho inani elikhulu labasebenzi abathe balungiselela amaqela amaninzi yobusoshiyali kunye nemibutho. Kulapha Sivela revolution ka-1905-1907.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngaphambi kokuba apha ukuba kukho imvukelo Decembrists ngo-1825.

Cruiser "Aurora" (St. Petersburg), imibombo, imbali mzi, amagama ezitalato ukuvelisa imvakalelo yokuba ezi ziganeko zenzeka hayi kwekhulu leminyaka aza kutshanje.

Ngowe-1924 le dolophu igama iLeningrad, kwiintsuku ezintathu emva kokufa yinkokeli sabasebenzi.

Ithuba Soviet

I-revolution kwakhokelela ekwehleni okukhulu sabemi besixeko kunye nabahlali-20 aye ngaphantsi kwe kwesigidi. Petrograd ukuba babuyele ebomini ekuqaleni nep waphumelela. Bona wabuye wokushicilela, upapasho, imidlalo yeqonga.

Centre of kwezamasiko uba St. Petersburg. Imbali lomzi abantwana kunye nabantu abadala bafumane shades entsha eqaqambileyo.

Kwakhona iqala uphekele buciko omtsha Russian - avant-garde.

izindlu inkcubeko eyayikho kwisithili ngasinye, yaye ezininzi lwembali imiboniso bamangaliswa.

iicawa ezininzi, ngokunxulumene olawulayo iinkolelo wamaKomanisi, ukuba sele inikwe iimfuno zoqoqosho, lwaba iimyuziyam.

Kakhulu omnye waba St. Petersburg. Imbali umzi, isishwankathelo iziganeko ngoku nakowuphi na umntu onomdla.

Iziganeko ezimbi kuqala emva kokufa laseKirov ngowe-1934. Abahlali abaninzi baye amaxhoba nangoloyikiso olukhulu. Emva koko, uthotho iintsuku, ephawulwe emnyama, kuba eLeningrad iphela. ngabemi World zitshekishwe ukuba uxhathiso - yaye abaziphumeleleyo uvavanyo olunzima. Phantse 900 iintsuku kwafa okuqhubekayo eLeningrad. Kuba oku feat, kunye nezinye impumelelo dolophu wafumana itayitile "Hero City".

Ezi ziganeko kufuneka zibandakanywe kwinkqubo lwemisebenzi extra-curricular ezikolweni kwaye ebaxelela ngaphezu imbali ezukileyo kwisixeko St. Petersburg (kwiBanga 2 kunye nangaphezulu).

Ukuvuselelwa emva kwemfazwe

Le minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe babeba ikhondo achache. Field neziqhushumbisi ukuhlasela ngenkankulu washiya isakhiwo ubuncinane omnye, apho kwakungekho amanqaku to- yemfazwe. Kodwa ukuhlangana ngokukhawuleza kwabemi, abasemagunyeni basivumela ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukubuyisela yangaphambili ebusweni Leningrad.

Ngaphezu koko, hayi kuphela phantse wabatshabalalisa, kodwa baphanga St. Petersburg. Imbali emfutshane dolophu kubantwana - oko ngumsebenzi wamaziko amabali malunga kwiGumbi Amber, leyo shwaka emva kwemfazwe akwafumaneka kude kube ngoku.

Ngowe-1955 oko wakha phantsi komhlaba, wambuyisela imigca umbane, amanzi kunye nezinye iingenelo yempucuko.

Kuba okokuqala ngasekupheleni 80 Nantso yabemi iLeningrad abe irekhodi - kwakunjalo ngoko 5 million.

ocalu-eSoviet

Emva kokuwa eSoviet Union isixeko wabuyela igama layo zembali - eSt Petersburg. Imbali lomzi abantwana kunye nabantu abadala, kwakhona ukutshintsha indlela kwemali. iminyaka 90, ukukhokela eneenkani yokuncipha kwenani labemi.

A bit emva nokuphola uxinezeleko, isixeko wenza yonke into ukomeleza isihloko ubungcali nenkcubeko. Ukwakha zesikhumbuzo, isakhiwo entsha, bakha le ndawo.

Ngo 2000, ekugqibeleni wazalwa umhlali omncinci oba sesigidi ezintlanu.

Esi sixeko emoyeni yayo

Kuphela iincwadi mnye, umntu akakwazi ukwakha isifundo kwi "Imbali St. Petersburg" (2 izifundo iklasi ngembali ndawo kwisikolo semfundo ephakamileyo).

All in uPetros: uburharha, usizi, abantu benze incasa okhethekileyo. Iintsomi ezifana uYosefu Brodsky, Sergei Dovlatov, Alexander Bashlachev, Boris Grebenshchikov kunye nezinye izithixo izizukulwana ezininzi iyayithanda umzi, batsho baphila bonke.

Kwabo bafuna ukuzama ukuphila kwixesha eladlulayo, xa amaxesha iibhola nokuncokola cwaka zehlabathi nantetho obumangalisayo, kubalulekile ukuba beze eSt Petersburg. Imbali isixeko kubonakaliswe izakhiwo, izitalato, umoya kwiinkulungwane ngaphambili, nangona emoyeni.

Kodwa kuwa ngokwenene uthando uPetros, kufuneka beze kuye.