Khrushchev nobudlelwane kunye neziphumo zawo

Emva kokufa kukaStalin kwimbali Soviet, waqala ixesha entsha, uphumelele ngesandla ngokukhanya umbhali Ili Erenburga ebizwa ngokuba "nobudlelwane Khrushchev kaThixo". Yintoni eye yatshintsha ngeli xesha, yaye yintoni imiphumo nguqulelo Khrushchev kaThixo?

engaguqukiyo breaking

Isiqalo sexesha elitsha yamakishwa ukungahoywa nkqubo kuStalin ngayo zocindezelo. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi ukuba umzabalazo igunya, iinkokheli ezintsha izakuziphatha ngathi linene. Sele 1953 wabonakala phakathi iinkokheli nemibutho yabasebenzi (Khrushchev, Beria, Malenkov), nomzabalazo ngamandla. Isiphumo yaba ukususwa kunye nokubanjwa Lavrenty Beria, owabulawa ngezityholo ukuhlola kunye iyelenqe.

Ngokunxulumene kubemi zesiqhelo nkqubo ka Khrushchev kunye noogxa bakhe luphawulwa ekunqandeni zocindezelo. Ekuqaleni kwayekwa "ityala oogqirha '", kamva waqalisa nokuvuselelwa aseleyo amabanjwa ezopolitiko. Ukuze iinkokheli Soviet kwacaca ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba athule zocindezelo. Isiphumo soku yaba ingxelo odumileyo "On ubuntu ihlelo Stalin kunye neziphumo zawo", esavakaliswa Khrushchev kwi the Twentieth Party Congress. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ingxelo Laliyimfihlo, umxholo wayo kwazeka ngokukhawuleza kulo lonke elo lizwe. Nangona kunjalo, oku de-Stalinization kwinkalo karhulumente enyanisweni ngayo yaphela. Khrushchev kunye noogxa bakhe bazi kakuhle ukuba xa ukwandisa le ndaba, inkampani usenokucinga ngokutshintsha yonke ubunkokheli eSoviet: emva koko, isithethi, nabalingane bakhe ukuba uthathe inxaxheba kakhulu repressions ubunzima, ngokusayina uluhlu hit kunye nezivakalisi kathathu. Kodwa ukugxekwa nesiqingatha-abantliziyo enjalo ngexesha a emangazayo.

Amanani uncwadi nobugcisa Khrushchev Sukugcina ngenxalenye akunjalo. ulawulo State phezu inkqubo yokuyila iye buthathaka, igalelo ukuvela imisebenzi kwizihloko ngaphambili abangancokoliyo, umzekelo, malunga ngobomi kwiinkampu Stalin kaThixo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa 60s ekuqaleni ', Khrushchev yayiqale ukuba ujije nati nabakuvuyelayo ukunyanzelisa izimvo zabo kwiintlanganiso kunye nezazi. Kodwa kakhulu kwexesha: a nobudlelwane eSoviet Union sele kuza, kunye izintlu nezazi yaqala ukuqinisa mood loqhankqalazo ezakhokelela ukuvela uso.

Ububanzi lokulawula

Ushintsho ayikwazanga kodwa kuchaphazela urhulumente kunye iqela ngokwayo. abasemagunyeni Republican kunye nemibutho zeqela bafumene amagunya, kuquka entsimini zocwangciso kwezoqoqosho. Kwenziwe iinzame ukuhlaziya kwamajoni phambili imibutho iqela, yasilela ngenxa nokumelana ukusuka nomenklatura.

Kodwa ezintsha ibalulekileyo yaba ukuphelisa imisebenzi nokucwangciswa amabhunga kwezoqoqosho (amabhunga zoqoqosho). La maqumrhu badalwa kummandla kwiindawo 1-2 yolawulo kushishino kunye nolwakhiwo. Bekucingelwa ukuba amabhunga zoqoqosho ziya kulawula ngcono imicimbi yasekuhlaleni, besazi iimfuno mmandla. Kodwa practice, le kubuyekezo udale ezininzi iingxaki. Okokuqala, amabhunga lwezoqoqosho izinto zilawulwa indlela iqela efanayo kubulungiseleli. Okwesibini, kaninzi ngoyaba umdla karhulumente okanye imimandla asebumelwaneni. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba Khrushchev, yonke into lubuyele kwisiqhelo.

iinkonzo zentlalo, imfundo, ezolimo

sphere Social Khrushchev nobudlelwane wachukumisa kakhulu. Okokuqala, lo mthetho kuye kwaphuculwa, ngenxa apho kwakukho abantu abolupheleyo pension, leyo, Noko ke, abazange kuchaphazela abalimi. amashishini Changed alimisileyo: yaqaliswa iintsuku ezimbini.

Okwesibini, kwinqanaba loluntu baqalisa ukucombulula enye yeengxaki buhlungu - lwezindlu. Kwagqitywa ukuba ukwakhiwa kwezindlu abaninzi. Kuye wenziwe ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa lwezitofu yebhajethi, kodwa ngenxa cheapness lo mbandela. ezinemigangatho-Five iibhokisi nabambekayo kwakhelwa eziliqela iiveki. Kakade ke, izindlu ezinjalo ezininzi iziphene, kodwa abantu ababehlala kwigumbi elingaphantsi kwe enqabeni yamajoni kunye nabasebenzi, kwaba amagumbi nje kubunewunewu. Noko ke, ngelo xesha, urhulumente, bengathembeli ngamandla ethu, yayikukukhuthaza ukwakhiwa kwezindlu co-operatives, apho abemi baye sityale imali ukwakhiwa kwezindlu.

Le iinguqu eziqhubeka kwinkqubo yemfundo. Phantsi komthetho omtsha, anenkqubo yezikolo unyaka-8 ezinyanzelekileyo. Emva kweminyaka 8 wachitha emva kwedesika esikolweni, loo mfundi unokukhetha ukuba bayigqibe imfundo yabo kuye iminyaka emithathu, okanye ukuya esikolweni vocational, ekholejini okanye esikolweni vocational. Enyanisweni, lo utshintsho akazange nokusondela ukuvelisa esikolweni eso ukususela emva kumaziko emfundo nje ukuba akukho ndlela zemali ukunika abafundi umsebenzi umsebenzi. Yingozi republic lesizwe ukwamkelwa kwemithetho, apho ulwimi ekufundiswa esikolweni ekhethwe ngabazali kunye abafundi kuxolelwa ekufundeni ulwimi Union Republic. Oku kwaqiniswa Russification kwaye inciphise inani lezikolo yesizwe.

Ukongeza sphere zentlalo, nobudlelwane Khrushchev bambamba kunye nezolimo. Abalimi bafumene passport kunye nenkululeko intshukumo. Amaxabiso yokuthenga lwesityalo yandiswe, nelenyuse inzuzo kule fama. Kodwa apha wayengekho ngaphandle lokungaphumeleli esiyenzayo. Ezi kunganxulunyaniswa BABALWA NDLANYA izityalo zengqolowa, kunye nokudityaniswa kwiifama nemibutho. Iingxaki wadala kunye nokuphelisa kumatshini seetrektara izikhululo. Economy got izixhobo ekunene, kodwa wangena matyala enkulu imali nokufunyanwa yayo abazange babe.

Khrushchev iinguqu zitshintshile kakhulu kuluntu eSoviet, yaye abaninzi kubo inkqubela ixesha. Kodwa crudity zabo chaos icala elinye, kwaye kweelana kukhal weqela - kwelinye icala, yakhokelela ukusilela kwabo nokuphelisa kwizikhundla zobunkokheli Khrushchev.