Uxolo Tilsit

Ekuqaleni kuka IXX kwenkulungwane eYurophu, iziganeko zenzeka, nto leyo ikhokelele 1807 phakathi UNapoleon Bonaparte kunye Russian uMlawuli Alexander I satyikitywa iSivumelwano Tilsit, kuchaphazela indlela yonke elizayo kwimbali.

Ndinazisa yena ngo-1804, lo mlawuli French, uNapoleon ithwala ingcamango ekoyiswa Europe. Ngokuchasene kwizicwangciso bakhe phakathi Austria, Great Britain, eRashiya, uBukumkani Naples, Portugal naseSweden ukuseka wesithathu womanyano anti-French. Austerlitz mfelandawonye boyiswa, kunye Austria wenza umnqophiso umfelandawonye Bonaparte. IRussia ukho mdibaniso yesine, elabandakanya iBritani kunye Prussia, ukuqhubekeka imisebenzi zomkhosi nxamnye amajoni uNapoleon kaThixo. Kweli dabi Friedland yasebusika 1807 umkhosi Russian woyiswa yi-French kwaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele. UNapoleon Siyifezile usukelo lwakhe yaye wakwazi ukunyanzela * uKhesare Alexander iintloni yaye engeluncedo lwanto ngandlela zonke, iSivumelwano Tilsit.

Ukungena yesivumelwano

Intlanganiso ye uMlawuli ezimbini kwenzeka kwidolophu Tilsit. Ke kaloku Sovetsk kummandla Kaliningrad. Juni 25, 1807 phezu komlambo Neman ukuhlangabezana abalawuli bakha isihlenga, apho kwakukho ubuso intlanganiso ngobuso, leyo esinzulu, kodwa, ngelishwa, iziphumo ezibi kuba uBukhosi Russian. Oku kwalandelwa iintlanganiso eziliqela phakathi iintloko ithi, nkqu Alexander wayekho le show-mkhosi baseFransi. NgoJulayi 7, 1807 satyikitywa iSivumelwano Tilsit. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa ngokutsha imephu eYurophu, leyo, ngokubanzi, yaba ekuqaleni ekupheleni wolawulo uNapoleon Bonaparte.

Ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano (concession)

Uxolo Tilsit wabeka yoBukhosi Russian endaweni disadvantageous kakhulu. Ngokutsho kwesi sivumelwano, i-uMlawuli Alexander I kwanyanzeleka ukuba aye kunyinyiswa kwemiqathango kulandelayo:

• joyina kuvalwe iindlela ally wayo - i-United Kingdom;
• ukuqaphela UNapoleon zonke yokoyisa kwakhe;
• France ukuncedisa emfazweni;
• barhoxe e Moldova;
• ukuqaphela ukuba izihlobo zookumkani uNapoleon (Naples, Dutch kunye Westphalian);
• ingqalelo imfundo ixhomekeke French Duchy of Warsaw.

Uxolo Tilsit ngo-1807 Ozahlulayo ngokupheleleyo i-UK, elibe yaye kuvalwe lizwekazi, kunye uNapoleon wayesele bemka baya abachasi izicwangciso zabo yebhongo.

Ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano (compensation)

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngokusayina iSivumelwano Tilsit ngo-1807, uMlawuli Alexander I kwaye wenze minyinyiva ezininzi ukusuka Bonaparte. Russia njengembuyekezo waya kwisebe Białystok. IDanzig ngeli xesha kuba umzi simahla, yaye isalamane yoMlawuli Alexander, Prussia uKumkani Friedrich UWilhelm III, ufumana emva endala Prussia, naseSlovakia Pomerania.

Uxolo Tilsit, iziphumo

umaleko komphakathi Russian watolika esi sivumelwano yoxolo ngempama ebusweni, uNapoleon kuphela nje lokubhukuqa, engabizwanga. Kwathatha eminye iminyaka emihlanu ukuya Russian ngokunyanisekileyo yaye ekuhleni khangela emehlweni zomnye. Kuphela War of 1812 , ayikwazanga ukunika eli thuba.

Uxolo Tilsit, iziphumo apho uqoqosho Russian ziya waziva, enyanisweni, yaba yintlekele. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX ubukhosi Russian kubonelelwa ingqolowa, hemp, imithi nokunye kwimarike yaseYurophu. Ngenxa kuvalwe iindlela i-United Kingdom, nto leyo ebangela ukuba isabelo ingonyama ngayo kumazwe Russian, uqoqosho Russian uBukhosi iye ubunzima umonakalo omkhulu. Kakhulu abachaphazelekayo abarhwebi kunye nabanini-mhlaba. ukuvimba Continental yaseNgilani kwabangela ukwehla kurhwebo Russian phantse kabini, kunye namali yayo kakhulu "thinner". Uninzi bonke, ukususela sivumelwano uxolo Tilsit Prussia ubunzima. Yena kwafa ilizwe labo yaye wahlawula izibonelelo yaseFransi de ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX.