Yalelani Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich: emfutshane engobomi, iifoto, ucaphulo, amabhaso

Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane inikwa kweli nqaku, wazalwa ngo-1897, ngoNovemba 20 kwidolophana Chardakhly, ibekwe kwi ummandla Azerbaijan, kufutshane Yelizavetpol. Weza ndiphuma kusapho oluhlwempuzekileyo.

Uyise wayesebenza railwayman. Ivan wafundisa ukuba ukufunda nokubhala. Yena wafumana imfundo yakhe yokuqala esikolweni Insert Armenian. Ke, kwiminyaka 1907-12., Ivan waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe Tiflis, isikolo kaloliwe yasekuhlaleni. Ukususela ngowe-1912 ukuya 1915 Baghramyan kufumana ekhethekileyo sele kwisikolo yobugcisa, yaye emva koko waba ezintanjeni kanye ingcali.

Ukuqala inkonzo yasemkhosini

Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich usebenze iinyanga eziliqela, emva koko bangena phakathi komkhosi Russian njengevolontiya. Waqalisa inkonzo yasemkhosini kwi reserve nomkhosi elihamba, koko wakhonza webutho umda yesibini (elihamba). Ukuba indoda abafundileyo kunye nesibindi, Bagramyan wawongwa umva umgaqo yesigunyaziso esikolweni. Yena wayigqiba ngowe-1917. Emva koko Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich inxaxheba iimfazwe kunye Turkish Bashi-bazouks. Wawusebenza kuqala kwi kwithala ukudubula wesithathu, uze - kwicandelo lokuqala Armenian mahashe.

I-February Revolution kunye War Civil kwi nxi Baghramian

Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich (umfanekiso wakhe uvezwa kweli nqaku) ngemihla kwi Februwari Revolution wayephantsi kweempembelelo le Dashnaks. Kwicala yabo, wakhonza de 1920 njengoko Armenian counter-revolution akukho livunyelwe. Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich wazibandakanya njengevolontiya kwi Red Army ekupheleni kuka-1920. Wakhonza khona kwixesha lokuqala, injengele webutho lokuqala Armenian, kwaye ithathe inxaxheba kwiMfazwe Civil (i-11 Army) isikhundla kwi qela. Ivan Hristoforovich kwakhona negalelo ekusekweni amandla yiSoviet kummandla Georgia and Armenia.

De February 1921 yena umphathi-butho, umncedisi alimwi. Ngowe-1921, ukususela ngoMatshi ukuya kuSeptemba, yena unobhala ummeli Georgian yamajoni Armenian SSR. Emva kwethutyana, waphinda wathatha indawo yakhe yangaphambili. Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich waya inkonzo yezobuntlola i webutho, de kuye ekupheleni kuka-1923

uqeqesho oluqhubekayo

Emva kokuba iMfazwe Civil yaphela, wacezela izifundo ezizodwa ezijoliswe ekuphuculeni nomsimelelo womyaleli. Njengokuba umphathi webutho, yena wathunyelwa ngo-1923 kwiCandelo Armenian elihamba. Baghramyan ukususela 1924 ukuya 1925 wafunda iikhosi amahashe zamagosa yesixeko eLeningrad. oogxa bakhe baba nosaziwayo ezifana K. K. Rokossovsky kunye G. K. zhukov. Emva kokuphumelela Baghramyan wabuyela kwisahlulo sakhe emlindweni yakhe yangaphambili. Kuyo, wakhonza de 1931.

Baghramyan ngo-1931 waqalisa ukufunda e-Academy. Frunze. Yena wayigqiba ngoJuni 1934. Ngowe-1935, November 29, Bagramyan wonyuselwa ukuba sikhulu. Kunyaka olandelayo, ukuqalela ngo-Oktobha, wasusela imisebenzi yakhe intonga imisebenzi isebe, bakhonza ndiyintloko yayo. Ngoxa lizwe ubunzima uthe ye-Red Army wenziwe. On Baghramyan kananjalo kwaba ubumdaka. Noko ke, sakwazi ukuba amsindise - uphumile A. I. Mikoyan.

Baghramyan ngo-Oktobha 1938, baphumelela Military Academy of Staff Jikelele. Kuyo, wahlala ukuba abe njengomfundisi ngamaqhinga.

Ukuqala Enkulu Patriotic War kwi nxi Ivana Hristoforovicha

Emva kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, Kiev Military zeziThili uqambe Front South-Western. Ivan Hristoforovich, ibinguye oyintloko imisebenzi kunye nosekela oyintloko labasebenzi Front. Kule sikhundla, yena inxaxheba kuphuhliso ekhubekisayo 1st Army ezinkulu kufuphi Lutsk, Rivne kunye Dubno. It lwanciphisa phantsi kwangaphambili imikhosi yaseJamani vehicles, kodwa akazange ukugcina yonke South-Western Front. Kwalona ukunika eKiev abahlaseli baseJamani kukhokelele kwinto yokuba ngaphambili yayibiyelwe. Kanye kwindawo kwizahlulo yanikwa umyalelo wokugqibela - ukuzama ukubaleka bejonge eWisconsin, leyo kunzima ukuba kudlula-mkhosi. abasebenzi ingumsebenzi ngesiphumo yahlukana, namagosa akhe eqale ukuba umyalelo amaqela ngamnye. Ivanu Hristoforovichu ikwazile ukurhoxisa amajoni lawo kokusingqongileyo. labantu kwabo malunga 20,000. Malunga nokuthatha inxaxheba Kiev ukusebenza ngoyaba ngo-1941, ngoAgasti 12, yena wawongwa elikwinqanaba uMajor General. Baghramyan wafumana njengomvuzo i-Order of the Red Banner.

Bagramyan waba yintloko ye-zantsi Front. uLieutenant jikelele

yatshatyalaliswa kwekomkhulu zantsi Front, kunye Bagramyan wamiselwa umphathi yalo ngaphambili. Army counteroffensive ku Rostov lwaqhutywa ngokwezigqibo necebo lakhe ngemihla enzima Kwidabi Kiev. Sam Baghramyan ithathe inxaxheba kulawulo yomkhosi. Abahlaseli Isijamani ngenxa yalo msebenzi bagxothwa kwisixeko Rostov-on-Don. Oku kwaba negalelo elibonakalayo uloyiso, itsalwa kwi-Moscow emfazweni. Baghramian zasebusika uthunyelwe umyalelo ibekwe kwisithili iqela eyinkunzi-mkhosi. counter uxambuliswano nempumelelo, leyo yakhokelela, zikhokelele kwinto batyunyuzwa iinxalenye Wehrmacht, leyo basondele Yelets. I-Red Army kwaba Ndinako ukuyichitha amaJamani kwi km 80-100, batshabalalisa kongqameko ngoko Eletskii. Bagramyan ngomsebenzi qwa wawongwa isikhundla uLieutenant jikelele.

1942 ngo Baghramian career

Ivan Hristoforovich waqhubeka umthetho kwicala South-West. Kunye January 1942 ekhubekisayo Barvinkove Lozovskaya-operation sele ziphuhlisiwe kwaye yenziwa phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe. Kulo nyaka, ngoMeyi, yena inxaxheba kwizicwangciso kwi eKharkov operation ekhubekisayo. Ngenxa iimpazamo, Noko ke, kubonakala ukuba ndingungantweni. Iqela elikhulu eentloko ezaxhobela Russian bakwazi ukuthatha kwindawo umkhosi waseJamani ngeli ekhubekisayo, uze ulonakalise. Abahlaseli Isijamani ngenxa yezi lokungaphumeleli babe nethuba singene eCaucasus kunye Stalingrad. Bona zasuswa isithuba ngqwayi nababhexeshi labasebenzi kwinxalenye ekumzantsi-ntshona. Not imyekile isiphelo yaye wamajoni abanetalente enjalo, uIvan Bagramyan, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane thina abanomdla. indlela ngokungeyomfuneko aye ohlulwa. Noko ke, emva kokuqalisa lohlaselo kuye kwacaca kuye kakubi siweyo. Umyalelo ulindele ukuba ngokuyintloko yokuba i amaJamani ehlotyeni kwakhona zama ukufaka eMoscow. kuhlaselwa Active Tymoshenko wagqiba ekubeni uqhubeke. Noko ke, kamva waqonda ukuba kukho amandla ngakumbi yaye bakhuthele ngakumbi ukuxhathisa utshaba wakhula. Le ukuze angabaleki lohlaselo kukhokelele kwinto yokuba amaJamani banikwa ithuba ukuze zingqonge umkhosi Russian. Ukusilela kwalo msebenzi yaba isizathu ukuba amagosa mkhosi kunye nabasebenzi ngaphambili baye balahlekelwa kwizikhundla zabo.

Ivan Hristoforovich, ngubani kwanyanzeleka ukuba ushiye indawo kubanjwa, yaba kangangexesha elithile reserve. Kodwa sele ngo-1942, ngoJulayi, waye wathunyelwa alimwi Western Front we-16 Army. Ngethuba ekulweni umkhosi wakhe bababulala umonakalo ebalulekileyo elutshabeni, ingakumbi ebusika buka 1942-43.

1943

Emva kwexesha elithile, wakhokela Bagramyan mkhosi uqambe Guards 11. Ngexesha lasehlotyeni ngo-1943, ngexesha Idabi Kursk, ethetha ngaphambili kwi Bryansk Front, umkhosi wakhe ngempumelelo kuqhutywa umsebenzi nangegxalaba, wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo ngokoyiswa iqela ezingundoqo amabutho esitha. Khaba ukusuka ephangweni leyo impi Baghramian ngesiquphe baboniswa yiJamani. Zeza kunye izimpi zakhe kwiintsuku zokuqala ezimbini kwinqanaba lohlaselo ayiphumelelanga ukuba atyhudise eziphumelela utshaba kwi-25 km nzulu esinga kwelasezantsi. AmaJamani, ukuze ndiyeke lohlaselo, waqalisa shift amajoni ayo ukuya emazantsi nasempuma kwe Eagle. Ngenxa yoko, ukwanda kuphela umsebenzi ukuhlaselwa Russian kwi Bryansk Front. Ukongeza, i-Army Central Front, eyaqala Julayi 17 ukuhlasela esebenzayo, naye waba intshukumo ngempumelelo ukuya Eagle. Ngowe-1943, 5 Agasti, imikhosi Russian bakwazi kkuba ngokupheleleyo amaJamani ukusuka iinkozi. Ngoku iphethwe ngendlela Bryansk. Baghramyan for imisebenzi ngempumelelo wafumana i-Order of Suvorov isidanga sokuqala kunye elikwinqanaba sikhulu jikelele.

Ivanu Hristoforovichu 17 Novemba 1943 wanikwa isihloko Jikelele Army. Ivan Bagramyan, ogama engobomi kunjalo ziya kuphawulwa impumelelo ezininzi, wamiselwa ingqwayi-19 Novemba wokuqala Baltic Front. Bagramyan wayalela imikhosi ababeqhuba ngempumelelo Gorodoksky ekhubekisayo, yaye bathathe inxaxheba ekusebenzeni Belarusian yosizi lohlaselo lweBaltic.

Ukuqhubeka yezenzo ngempumelelo ngo-1944

Ngowe-1944, umkhosi, wakhokela uIvan Hristoforovich, wenza ngempumelelo enkulu kufuphi Vitebsk, kwakunye kwi inkqubo ihamba amajoni ngaphambili kwi kwicala Memel ngexesha ekhubekisayo imisebenzi lweBaltic. Kuba umbutho ngempumelelo butho wafumana isihloko Hero eSoviet Union Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich. ezininzi mbasa yakhe, kodwa ke oku kubaluleke ngakumbi.

Unyaka wokugqibela yemfazwe

Ngowe-1945, entwasahlobo, waza waba yintloko ye alwayo imisebenzi iqela Samland. Kuye kwasekwa ngokusekelwe lokuqala Baltic Front. Le umkhosi wamajoni yafakwa Front lweSithathu Byelorussian. Kwaba ilawulwe A. M. Vasilevskogo, Marshal eSoviet Union. Ngenkxaso Aviation imikhosi Baghramian waya lohlaselo e Koenigsberg. Njengoko yathinjwa ngempumelelo iintsuku ezimbalwa. kubi Kungekudala waziyeka zonke utshaba imikhosi Samland.

Ngo-1945, Aprili 24, Marshal Vasilevsky ngexesha ukulungiselela imisebenzi zomkhosi kwiMpuma Ekude, buyasuswa ngaphambili. Baghramyan, Jikelele Army, abe injengele ngaphambili lesithathu Belorussian. Ivan Hristoforovich uye wakhonza kweso sikhundla de ekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Ngowe-1945, ngoJuni 24, wayiqhubela webutho, waba ngowokuqala Baltic Front ngexesha kumbhiyozo woloyiso.

Okumiselwe Baghramian emva kwemfazwe

Jikelele Bagramyan emva kwemfazwe, wathabatha umyalelo we kwiBaltic Military District. Ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, ngoMeyi 1954 waya kwiSebe lezoKhuselo waseUSSR, i Group of abaHloli Jikelele. Emva konyaka, ngoMatshi 11 ke wawongwa isihloko Marshal eSoviet Union. Ukongeza, Bagramyan waba uSekela uMphathiswa wezoKhuselo.

ukufa Baghramian

Wafa ngoSeptemba 21, 1982. Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich (1897-1982) wangcwatyelwa eMoscow ku Red Square. Nguye ke umbhali "Endleleni eya Ukoyisa Enkulu" yaye "Kwasephakadeni imfazwe." Eli lizwe akayilibalanga a hero efana Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich. Ucaphula kuye, leyo kuthiwa kakhulu ethandwa - "Ngoko ke siza kuya kuphumelela 'yaye' oonyana Enkulu owakhulisa eCaucasus" (malunga Pushkin kunye Lermontov). Zimbalwa statements ngayo wafumana udumo kakhulu, asikwazi enokuthethwa ngaye.

A lot of namabhaso ezifunyenweyo Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich. biography elifutshane, nizibambise ufunde, sinika inkcazelo esisiseko ngalo. Siyathemba ukuba sifundiwe into entsha. Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba umntu ephawulekayo Bagramyan Ivan Hristoforovich. ngobomi bakhe yabhalwa nathi ukuze bazifunde kubo abafundi.