Ke zona iinduli eRoma yamandulo: ikhadi kunye nembali

Ikomkhulu Italy - Rome yenye imizi yamandulo ehlabathini. Ekuqaleni, oko esasingakunxweme ngasempumalanga iTiber. Wabizwa ngokuba "obungunaphakade" okanye "isixeko phezu kweentaba esixhenxe." Enyanisweni eRoma yayakhiwe ezindulini, leyo babohlulwe nzulu kakhulu, kodwa ezincinane ezintlanjeni ubukhulu. Ngoku ikomkhulu amandulo iye yakhula kwaye anazo umda macala omabini omlambo. Ngoku sele phezu kweentaba ezilishumi elinambini, kodwa kukho imephu eRoma yamandulo, leyo kumakishwa indawo yokuqala sokubhatala, ebandakanya neenduli ezisixhenxe kuphela.

Overview

Kodwa njengoko imbali weSixeko unguNaphakade, waqala ukwakha phezu kodonga lasekhohlo lwe iTiber River. Ke zona iinduli baseRoma yamandulo izinziswe ngokuthe ngcembe. Okokuqala, apho kwakukho yokuhlala, kuye a engundoqo enye - iPalatine, ngoko Eskvilin, ngoko ke Capitol kunye Quirinal, kancinane emva koko iViminal, Caelian kunye Aventine. Ngapha koko, ukuba zaye zabandakanywa kwemida komzi, amaRoma ukuba kanye ngonyaka ngoDisemba 11, ukuya kubhiyozela semiholmiya Day.

Indawo apho ityala wamandulo, akukho mlilo yasungulwa. Ukuphakama kunomyinge nduli 40-50 m ngaphezu umlambo lowo.

iPalatine

Kwaba naye waza waqalisa imbali weSixeko obunguNaphakade. Ngokutsho legend, emazantsi entabeni phezu amanzi iTiber inqanawa ibhaskithi obufake neentsana - Romulus kunye Remus, leyo kamva waba wabaseki eRoma yamandulo. Apha elunxwemeni kukho umqolomba, apho wayehlala khona ingcuka ngubani suckled kunye nabazalwana. Le ntaba ibizwa imbeko yothixokazi iba - umxhasi ongcwele abelusi.

Ukususela isixeko yasekwa, kule nxalenye Rome Ancient isoloko embindini amandla, babehlala apho patricians, abalawuli kunye nookumkani. Basebukhosini apha wakha amabhotwe amahle - Domus. Iziqwenga esekhona unanamhla.

Eskvilin

igama layo bubonakala "kwihlomela". Oku sele kuchaziwe ngentla ukuba iinduli baseRoma ahlala nitshintshane. Kulandela emva ePalatine waba kule ntaba. Ngelo xesha, wayengonwabanga ngokoqobo eyaguqukayo yaba yokulahla umzi. Ngokubhekele phaya, apha bathwalwa isohlwayo kwaye amalungiselelo amangcwaba ezigqibe amahlwempu kunye namakhoboka. mangcwaba abo sisigingqi kakhulu nzulu apho izidumbu balahlwa.

Ngexesha lokulawula soMhlekazi, emangcwabeni yazala, kunye neegadi ezintle Maecenas wakhula endaweni yayo. Kwakhona kwi Esquiline wakha yonke inkqubo kwemibhobho yamanzi.

Capitol

Neenduli zonke baseRoma wamandulo injongo yayo. Le lwentaba, owakhelwe ngokupheleleyo phezulu amabandla. Kulapha ke omnye wabo luzinikele uthixokazi Juno Moneta apho babehlala ngamarhanisi edume ukuba wamalela ukukhala lakhe elikhulu zamaRoma kwi utshaba ezayo. Kwakhona yafakwa kunye kwintendelezo yokuqala, apho yavela imali. Baye ngokuba "iingqekembe 'imbeko uthixokazi yasekuhlaleni.

Ehlabathini Capitol ebudeni bolawulo Servius Tullius yakhiwa udonga apho Hill waba ligwiba soyiswe. Xa iziko yayo itempile enikelwe Jupiter. Ngaphantsi bekunjalo ambiwa kuyo, nto leyo eyabangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwayo ngokupheleleyo. In bamaXesha Aphakathi, ummandla yenduli kuphela isakhiwo omkhulu yaba ibandla St Mary. Ekungeneni kwakhe ngezinyuko, apho kwakukho izinyuko 122. Yakhiwa imbeko losindiso sixeko ukususela isibetho.

Quirinal

Phantse zonke iinduli baseRoma bamandulo ilivo yayo. Quirinale kakhulu, kungekho ngaphandle. Yena ogama lakhe behlonipha uthixo Quirinus imfazwe, waqubuda Sabines yamandulo. Ngokutsho legend ekuqaleni amadoda kuphela abahlala eRoma. Xa Romulus abamenyiweyo yomthendeleko Sabines. Ngexesha kwizikhumbuzo amaRoma wayiba neendwendwe onke amantombazana kunye watshata kubo. Ngenxa yoku, imfazwe, apho abaqweqwedisi baqalisa ukudlala.

Ngokutsho legend, imfazwe wayeka yi abafazi ngokwazo, njengoko sele sakuqhela iintsapho baseRoma. Ngenxa yoko, amaqela alwayo wangena isivumelwano soxolo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba eyona ngongoma yakhe imeko apho Sabinsky umlawuli uTito Tatius waba ngumlawuli eRoma belingana Romulus.

iViminal

Igama yenduli lithetha "willow kweleentaba" kuba mathambeka zigqunyiwe ngokupheleleyo le mithi. Ekuqaleni ukuba eyayihlala Sabines. Ukubunjwa weSixeko Obungunaphakade Quirinal kunye iViminal ibandakanya zombini amaRoma emva ukuthinjwa amantombazana. Ngethuba zoMbuso, le ndawo ikakhulu kwakhiwa kunye Izakhiwo zokuhlala umiwe ngabantu ukususela kwiklasi asezantsi.

Kukho kwakhona adumileyo kunye yamandulo amaqula amaRoma - mnths of uDiocletian, kuthatha indawo 13 eehektare. Banako ngaxeshanye ukubonelela abantu 3200. Ngomhla kummandla amagama kwakhona Wakhula imiyezo ezintle, ibethe imithombo ngokungummangaliso, kwakunye yokulifumana ithala leencwadi. Ukongeza, i Hill iViminal yayiyindawo apho babehlala Abalindi, enze imisebenzi yabalindi lobuqu umlawuli waseRoma.

Celio

Njengokuba kubhaliwe iyaziwa, waba yaMandulo ekuqaleni eRoma, ngokufutshane ezindulini apho kuchaziwe kwinqaku, yaba Limi edyokhweni kakhulu - le ndawo wakha phezulu enye yokugqibela. Celio yathiywa emva Etruscan Celes Vibenny. Waye ethathwa njengokuba ngukhokho nje yaseRoma, ngoko ke ilizwe lendawo omiweyo kuphela inzala yakhe. Kuphela I kwinkulungwane sifike apha uyazi. Eyona ndawo iphambili yonqulo endulini kwakukho itempile enikelwe kaThixo uKlawudiyo, kodwa, ngelishwa, kule sakhiwo ozukileyo a iziqwenga ezimbalwa kuphela.

Aventine

Ogama lakhe behlonipha kukumkani Aventina Silviya, owayelawula emva Romulus. Kwelinye iimyuziyam yemephu yamandulo eRoma igcinwe, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba eli ntaba, ngokungafaniyo abanye, ayizange kodwa ukuhlala. Kodwa ngemihla weRiphabliki, yena kakhulu kwakhiwa kunye nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Isiqalelo apho kwakuhlala amakhoboka kunye nje. Kodwa Ixesha uBukhosi baqalisa ukuhlala kule ndawo kunye basebukhosini abazizityebi.

Mbusi Aurelian, owayelawula ngenkulungwane III, ikwazile kwiminyaka nje 4 ukwakha udonga zagutyungelwa zonke iintaba ezisixhenxe eRoma yamandulo. ubude balo-19 km, ukuphakama - 8 m, kwaye ubukhulu -. 3.4 m Ngelo eludongeni kwakukho 383 iinqaba namasango-18. Xa iRoma woyisa ngamaGoth, oko zonakaliswe kakubi yaye wachithwa ngokuyinxenye. Nangona kunjalo, eludongeni Renaissance wabuyiselwa kwaye, ndimele ndithi ukuba usekhona kakuhle namhlanje.