Izinto zokulwa ne-ice: imveliso, iimpawu, uvavanyo

Ukulwa nomngcipheko kuwo wonke umzi ubeka ingqwalasela. Izixhobo zokulwa nokucatshulwa kwamhlanje zindlela zokuhlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo kunye nokwakhiwa kweqhwa kunye nokwenza ukuba umhlaba uphelele, ucoceke kwaye ukhuselekile kwiimoto nabahamba ngeenyawo. Ubungqina bezinto ezi zixhobo kukuba abachaphazeli kakubi indlela yomhlaba.

Ba sebenza njani?

Umgaqo we-anti-ice yamanqaku kuthetha ukufumana umswakama kwiqhwa. Xa zizalisa i-reagents eyahlukeneyo, zifika kwiikristali zeqhwa zize zitshathise. Ngenxa yoko, i-brine efom iyanqandwa kakhulu kumashishini aphantsi kakhulu. Kwaye oku kusebenza njengesiqinisekiso sokuba i-ice ayiyi kubonakala.

Iintlobo kunye neempawu

Izinto ezikhoyo zokusasaza i-icebo zihlangabezana neemfuno ezininzi, eziqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwazo ezindleleni:

1. Zikhuselekile ukupakisha, kunye nabantu, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana.
2. Awuyikukhupha izinto ezinobungozi ezingakwazi ukuqokelela kwiishubhu, umhlaba, umoya.
3. Iindlela zisebenza kakuhle, oko kukuthi, ukuxinwa okuphantsi kwezi zinto kwanele ukuba baqale ngokukhawuleza bangene ngaphakathi kocingo.
4. Zilula ukuyisebenzisa: Kwiimeko ezininzi, izinto ezichasene neqhwa ziyahlakazeka okanye zifuthwa phezu komhlaba.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Uninzi lweempawu ezisetyenziselwa ukulwa nokukhwabanisa, ziquka iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo-i-chloride, i-chlorate, i-hydrochloride. Imixube enje ixakeke kakhulu kwiqondo lokushisa kakhulu, ngoko benza ngokukhawuleza. Izinto ezihamba phambili zixhaswa ngeezithako ezingenakuqhelaniswa, izixhobo ze-biophilic eziphucula umgangatho womhlaba, izongezo ezikhawulezileyo kunye nokuphazamiseka. Kuphawulekayo, kodwa ezinye izigulane kunye nokuchithwa okupheleleyo zinegalelo ekuveliseni umhlaba ngezinto ezincedo.

Izinto ezidumile

Abakhiqizi banamhlanje banikeza uluhlu oluninzi lwezixhobo ezinomgaqo omnye wokusebenza. Ama-reagents e-anti-ice asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumabini oomasipala kunye nobucala. Phakathi kwezixhobo ezidumileyo:

1. Umxube weSan netyuwa. Yona nto ibonakalayo ebusika, ekwasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zokuhlala zaseRashiya. Njengengxenye yomxube kukho umlambo wamanzi okanye isanti exutywe kunye netyuwa lobugcisa. Olu nxu lumnxeba ekukhawuleleni ngokukhawuleza kweqhwa. Kwezinye iimeko, i- inhibitors yokuguqulwa yongezwa kule mxube , ukwenzela ukuba ityuwa ayichaphazeli i-asphalt okanye i-metal surface.
2. I-calcium chloride. Le nkonzo ye-antifoaming ineziphathamandla ezintle: ukushaya ikhephu, ngokukhawuleza iphendulela nayo kwaye ikhuphe ubushushu obuninzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwale ngcaciso kuncedisi nje ekungcoleni kweqhwa, kodwa nokuphucula imeko yomhlaba. Ukubunjwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunzulu kufinyelela kumgca weqhwa, kutyunyiweyo, kungashiyi nantwini kwi-asphalt surface.
3. Magnesium chloride. Le reagent ithathwa njengesixhobo esingokwemvelo sokulwa neqhwa, njengoko ukukhutshwa kwayo kuqhutyelwa kwimeko.

Naliphi na izinto ezichasene ne-ice ezikhethiweyo zokucoca izitalato ezivela kwikhephu kunye neqhwa, kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno eziliqela:

• Yiba nobungani bemvelo;
• Ukusetyenziswa ngexabiso elincinci;
• Ukusebenza kwiqhwa ngesivinini esiphezulu;
• Yiba ngempumelelo.

Ziziphi iinkampani ezinikeleyo zokuthenga iimpawu eziphezulu?

Zirax

Inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe i-Zirax inikeza izixhobo zokulwa nokucatshulwa ezinokuthi zikwazi ukujamelana nokukhwabanisa. Inkampani iqhuba imveliso yezixhobo ezinamandla kunye nezixhobo zamanzi ezisebenzayo kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Phakathi kweempembelelo eziqinileyo, iimveliso ezilandelayo zifanelwe ingqalelo:

1. "Premel". Eli nqaku likhangela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukwazi ukusetyenziswa kumaqondo athile ukuya kuma--32 degrees. Kukulungele ukubenzela iindlela, izitalato, ipaki yeemoto, i-intraquarter thoroughfares.
2. Eismelt. Lezi zixhobo zamanqwanqwa ezichasene ne-ice-sha, apho izixhobo ezingabonakaliyo zongezwa. Ubonakaliswe ngentshukumo emide, amandla amancibiliko aphezulu, usebenze, amazinga aphantsi okusetyenziswa kunye nokubunjwa kwe-granulometric efanayo .

Iimpawu ezixubileyo ezivela kwiZirax

Le nkampani inikeza i-Premelt esebenzayo kunye ne-liquid "remel", engasetyenziselwa kwimodi yokumisa ukuqinisekisa ukuphazamiseka kweqhinga eliphezulu kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko eziphathekayo. Ingundoqo yesicelo salo kwezi zilandelayo: isisombululo sinamanzi ngokukhenkcela okumileyo, okuza kuwela esendleleni. Siyabulela ukuxakishwa kwesi sixhobo, kuqinisekiswa:

• Ukusabalalisa okungafaniyo kweetyuwa omanzi phezu komhlaba;
• Ukubambelela ngokufanelekileyo kummandla wendlela;
• Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza;
• Ukunciphisa iindleko zomzimba ukuya kuma-40%.

UZPM

Uluhlu oluninzi lwee-reagents lunikezwa yi-Ural Refractory Materials Plant. Uphuhliso luqhutywa ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwimihlaba-mali, ukuze imali ihlangabezane nazo zonke iimfuno. Iimveliso zesi sityalo (esibizwa ngokuba yi "Bionord") zenzelwe ukuqhutyelwa kweendlela, iindlela zokuphakama, amabhuloho. Kulo mveliso yonke imfuneko yanamhlanje kwizinto zokuchasana nazo ziqwalaselwa. Isityalo sinikela iintlobo ezininzi zeemveliso:

1. "I-Bionord" iyindawo yonke, apho izinto zengxabano zongezwa ngendlela yeempawu zeemabula, eziphucula ukulandelelana kwendlela. Olu hlobo aluphazamisi umhlaba.
2. Bionord-Mosty. Olu lwakhiwo lungasetyenziselwa ukucwangciswa kwamabhanji, ukugqitha, iitanu kunye nezinye izakhiwo zokufakelwa. Ukwakhiwa okucatshulwa kakuhle kukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mphumo ochaphazelekayo kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi. Xa isetyenziswe, umxube uphelile ngokupheleleyo kwaye awuqokeleli kumbane.

Uvavanyo lwezinto zokungaxhatshazwayo yilo lityalo lwenziwa rhoqo, oluqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwawo kwimigangatho ekhoyo kunye neemfuno.

Ride Green

Ukuqulunqwa kwe-anti-ice formulations yesizukulwana esitsha kuhanjiswa yiGreen Ride. Imveliso iqhutyelwa ngesiseko se "Bishofit". I nkampani igxininisa ukuba onke ama-reagents akhuselekile kwaye angalimazi ibhalansi yemvelo. Ukhuseleko lwendalo esingqongileyo alukhuseli nje kuphela uhlobo, kodwa kunye neevili ezinqwelo-moya ezidibana nomhlaba ophathwayo. Namhlanje amafektri amaninzi e-anti-ice materials anikela ngemveliso yabo, eveliswa ngesiseko se "Bishofit". Sinikeza uluhlu oluthile lweziqulatho ezingabizi kwi-Green Ride:

1. I-RockMelt iTyuwa ngumxube ojongene kakuhle neqhwa nekhephu. Ungayisebenzisa nakwiifama apho kukho izilwanyana. Xa usebenzisa, kuyimfuneko ukucoca ubuso, emva koko i-reagent isetyenziswe kuyo. Ifunyanwa ixesha elithile, ngoko kunokwenzeka ukutshabalalisa iqhwa ngefosholo kwaye kulula ukuyisusa.
2. I-RockMelt Mix yinto yokwakheka kwe-granular engasetyenziselwa ukuphatha iindawo ezihamba ngeenyawo, iintendelezo, iinqanawa, izithuthi eziphantsi kunye nezitepsi.
3. GreenRide. Le reagent isilungele ukusetyenziswa, akukho zithako kwaye akukho ukungcola kwingozi kuyo. Ngokusabalalisa ngokufanayo phezu komhlaba, ngokukhawuleza nangokucoca ngokufanelekileyo. Ungasebenzisa olu lwakhiwo kuyo nayiphi na imeko yemozulu.

Ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo eziveliswe ukulawulwa kweqhwa zihlangabezana neemigangatho neemfuno, uRosavtodor weSebe loThutho lwaseRussia Federation wadala izinto ze-ODN ezichasene ne-ice - imigangatho yendlela yendlela. Olu xwebhu luchaza ukuba zeziphi izinto kunye nokuba yeyiphi ininzi engasetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa iindlela ekulwa ne-icing ebusika. Iluhlu lwezinto ezigqithisekayo eziphambili ekunyango kweendlela, imigangatho yesicelo sabo ibonisiwe. Uxwebhu olufanayo lubonisa iimfuno zokhuseleko, ngokubhekiselele kulowo ma-reagents akumele abe nonobungozi, abanobuhle bendalo, ukuze bangabi nefuthe elibi kummandla. Zonke iifekthi zanamhlanje kufuneka zivelise ama-reagents ngokuhambelana nemimiselo enikwa kwi-ODN.

Inendima ebalulekileyo idlalwe ngokuvavanywa kwamagqabantshintshi endlela. Ziqhutyelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye zijoliswe ekutyhileni ezo zikhombisi zezinto ezifana nokuvelisa okusanhlamvu, umswakama, ubuninzi bomninzi, ukushisa kwe-crystallization, amandla okuqhafaza kunye nezinye iiparitha. Inkqubo yokuvavanya izinto eziqinileyo kunye nezixhobo zamanzi zihluke, okufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngabavelisi.

Esikhundleni seempembelelo - ukudibanisa

Imihla yamanqabaninzi yeendlela eziqhelekileyo ayinakujamelana nomthwalo onokumelana nawo. Ukwandisa umgangatho wengubo, ngokukodwa ebusika, xa iindlela ziphathwa ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo, zisebenzisa i-anti-ice pads. Zifaka iimpahla ezigcina izigulane ixesha elide kwaye zizihlukanise ngokuzenzekelayo ukuba kukho isisongelo sokwenza i-icing. Ngombulelo obunqabileyo ikhephu kunye neqhwa ngeke kubambelele kumgangatho wendlela, ngoko ukuhamba kuya kuba ngcono, kunye nezinga lokhuseleko-phezulu.