Particle nokwabiwa ubungakanani zomhlaba. Ucalulo zokufuya nokumisela ukwabiwa ubungakanani yamasuntswana

Xa uluhlu imisebenzi geodetic wambi efunyaniswa inkonzo enjalo, njengoko ukumiselwa yokwakheka komhlaba. Le nkqubo lwenziwa ukuze ufumane ulwazi malunga nokuqulethwe amasuntswana emhlabeni kwindawo ethile. Umsebenzi wokwakha kwenkcazo ubume na yimiyalezo, kodwa kwezolimo, yaye imisebe nokwakheka oko ufunwayo. Enanikade ukwakheka granulometric iindlela ezahlukeneyo icaciswa. Ukukhetha enye kuzo kuxhomekeke ezahlukeneyo izinto kunye nemiqathango.

Ngokubanzi ulwazi malunga kwisuntswana ubukhulu lonikezelo

Phantsi ukwabiwa ubukhulu bamagaqa ibhekisa ubukho izinto mechanical emhlabeni. Ngaphezu koko, kule meko umhlaba ukuze ziqwalaselwe njengoko unyulo jikelele lomhlaba, apho naye abe ngumntu. Njengoko ngokuba amasuntswana, ukuze babe neempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nemvelaphi. Kwakhona, Kukho iindidi lamanani zakhi. Umzekelo, ubukhulu ukusasazwa isuntswana kwentlabathi iya kuba abanye uniform elithile, nkqu ngokubhekiselele nesiqulatho iqhezu elithile amasuntswana. Iingcali uqaphele ukuba imali ubuncinane izakhi ekwaziyo yokuchonga ubuchule kwakwenziwa ngohlahlelo yi mm 0.001 kuphela.

Ngokungqinelana GOST abelwe izihloko amaqhezu ezintandathu -. Ingaba amasuntswana nesanti blocky, igrabile, udongwe, njl iqhekeza ngalinye uluhlu kuphela ngobukhulu, kodwa imvelaphi eziphilayo. Sifanele singacingi ukuba kuphela umxholo ocoliweyo kwamasuntswana Lubonakala yi yamasuntswana ubungakanani lonikezelo. GOST 12536-79 wababala kwakhona uthi ubungakanani amaqhezu eliphezulu, nto leyo ithathwa njengento yinxalenye umhlaba, ifikelela 200 mm. Oku izinto ikakhulu litye ukuba ube neempawu ezinkulu. Iqhezu kakhulu ecikizekileyo udongwe, nangona kulo mzobo kuba bakhuphisane kunye amasuntswana nesanti.

Ucalulo yamasuntswana ubukhulu lonikezelo

Ukongeza ukushiyana iqhezu imihlaba, kukho neminye imigaqo yokuhlela. Omnye wabo ubonelela ngokwahlulwa ngokusekelwe lwezalathisi okubhalwe zodongwe. Kule meko ithatha ingqalelo uhlobo lomhlaba kunye iqhezu lubalaseleyo elibhaqiweyo. An yokuhlela enye kukuqinisekisa uhlobo lweziqalelo ubume nge ubukho isanti, uthuli kunye nodongwe efanayo. Oko kukuthi, ngandlel 'ithile ulwabiwo ubukhulu bamagaqa iya kumiselwa qho kudityaniswe inkcazelo ebanzi kwintsebenzo eziqalelo ifakiwe. Kubalulekile ukuba kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa yokufana phakathi iindlela ezimbini ukuya ukuhlelwa nemixube kunokuba nzima ukwahlula phakathi kwabo kwisicelo.

iindlela ngqo yokuqingqa ekwakhiweni

Kukho iindlela ngokwesiseko ezahlukeneyo ezimbini ukuya ukuchaza iqela ubume ngomatshini umhlaba. Omnye wabo - ongangqalanga ejoliswe nokuchongwa lweepateni lomhlaba kwingingqi ethile, kwaye enye imele icandelo iindlela ngqo ezisekelwe izixhobo uhlalutyo zobugcisa. Ngokukodwa, iqela iindlela ngqo bangasebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, izixhobo kunye izincedisi, ezivumela ukuba ukumisela imida ye amasuntswana nge isithinzi eliphezulu ukuchaneka. Ngokukodwa, inokusetyenziswa ezinamandla zombane kunye nako ukuphumeza ukufunda micrometric. kunjalo Indlela ngqo inceda ngqo distribution ubukhulu bamagaqa umhlaba, ngenxa ukuntsonkotha lombutho yobugcisa kwenkqubo kunye neendleko eziphezulu isetyenziswa enqabile.

iindlela engangqalanga yokuqingqa ekwakhiweni

Eli qela iindlela yokumisela ubume ubuchule ngokuqhelekileyo ezinxulumene, ezo zisekelwe isicelo kwemithetho ezahlukeneyo kubume umxube test. Ngokukodwa, oko kungabonwa yi ubudlelwane phakathi iingxenye ezilungiselelwe uluhlu, kodwa ebanzi analysis yokusolwa ezingakumbi. Oko kukuthi, xa kuthelekiswa, zithathelwa ingqalelo, kunye nezinye iimpawu zomhlaba, ezifana ukufuma, iimpawu ukunqunyanyiswa, le Dynamics isimemezelo njalo njalo. Iindlela ngqo D. ukuze kugqitywe distribution ubungakanani yamasuntswana kwakhona ukubandakanya optic kunye neendlela hydrometric ukubhaliswa iimpawu emzimbeni. Ukongeza, iiteknoloji ezintsha uvumele ukusetyenziswa yokubumba kunye neentlenge zendalo. Ukuba uthelekisa lo mmandla ngeendlela uhlalutyo ngqo, ukuba Ububi yalo ukuchaneka ephantsi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukwenza ngexesha elinye-isifundo kwindawo ethile, oko Kukhethwa ukuba indlela kodwa ilula. Kodwa amakhulu-isikali kunye nomsebenzi rhoqo ukuzithethelela ngokwezoqoqosho ngokwabo iindlela kuphela ngqo.

indlela hydrometric

Oku, nangona indlela ethandwayo ezizodwa kakhulu, nto leyo esekelwe phezu kwemimiselo kulwelo abafudukayo. Enyanisweni, ukuba imisebenzi kusetyenziswa isixhobo uhlalutyo hydrometer. Le misebenzi kanye isimiso ngokommiselo ukuba umthamo we kulwelo abafudukayo iya kuba ubunzima elilingana endaweni enomzimba omtsha. Kuphela kwimeko eqhelekileyo hydrometric isuntswana lobugcisa ukusasazwa ubungakanani umhlaba kuqinisekiswa oluludaka eziqokelelweyo. Ngokukodwa, ingcali nayo ngokuthi ebhaptiza amasuntswana emanzini, khangela kuvunyelwa konke konke ukutenxa kule data ifunyenwe ngaphambili. Ngokuqhelekileyo, azihlole lwenziwa serially, kwimeko nganye, lo msebenzi wenziwa phezu kwinkcazelo ezineempawu ezifanayo - mninzi. Kwakhona, esekelwe kubudlelwane amasuntswana kunye neemeko bokuhlala kwabo emhlabeni ukuze ukwazi ukufumanisa i iqhezu kunye nemvakalo.

sokukhetha umbala indlela

Kule meko isicelo bume ulwelo uvumela ukwahlula amasuntswana ngamnye lweempawu. Komculo egxile emanzini, emva koko isantya Ummiso ukuwa izinto abakhoyo. Emva kwexesha elithile, uhlalutyo sigqityiwe kwaye amasuntswana kuhlala ziyasuswa. Isampulu ke womile, walinganisa, ingxelo ngeziphumo zovavanyo. Njengoko umthetho, ukumiselwa lonikezelo ubukhulu bamagaqa le ndlela isetyenziswa ekuhlalutyeni Imihlaba zodongwe. Oku kubangelwa kakhulu into yokuba zibe emhlabeni ukuya iqhezu onjalo entle leyo zihlalutywe yi izinga izehlo kumajelo eendaba lulwelo.

Rutkowski indlela

Njengazo zonke ngqo neendlela uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo, le ndlela Asiyo kakhulu ichanekile yaye sinika jikelele ingcamango kunobukhulu equlathwe kuvavanyo yeseli. Umgaqo yokumisela iimpawu amasuntswana yi indlela Rutkowski lusekelwe kwi parameters ezimbini. Kwindawo yokuqala ngayo izinga efanayo nokuwa element kwixesha eliphakathi engamanzi. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, ulwalamano kufumaniseka ukuba aba lolu hayi kukukhawulezisa okanye imvelaphi amasuntswana, yaye kwimeko izithethi ukuntywiliselwa ngokobungakanani. Parameter yesibini, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukumisela nokwabiwa ubungakanani lomhlaba le ndlela isekelwe phezu ukukwazi amasuntswana ukudumba kwi enye zolwelo medium. Kule nxalenye uhlalutyo zichongwa kunye neempawu zomzimba imichiza ngandlel abaninzi.

indlela yokugalela

Le yenye yeendlela midala zixhaphakileyo yokuqingqa nokwakhiwa komhlaba. Oku kusekelwe ukusetyenziswa iiseti ezithile izikrini ezibheke iqhezu ubungakanani obufanayo, yaye musa ukuvumela amasuntswana ukuya kuseto ezinkulu. Indlela elula efikelelekayo ukuyisebenzisa, ngoko ke idla esetyenziswa kwishishini lokwakha, apho kungekho ithuba ukucwangcisa iindlela ezintsonkothileyo uhlalutyo ngqo. Noko ke, uvavanyo ubume ngokusebenzisa screen ayikwazi niqiqile kukhonjwe iindlela ngqo. Sekunjalo, azihlole awuvumeli ukuba ukujonga, umzekelo, ukwabiwa ubungakanani iintlobo olukumgangatho ofanayo okuchaneka njengoko uya kwenza isifundo micrometric. Noko ke, ukuchaneka liya kuxhomekeka kwindlela izixhobo analysis - oko kukuthi, iiseti ukusefa. Kukho iindidi ezimbini izixhobo data. Omnye wabo sijoliswe yabasebenzi kunye sieving ngaphandle ukuhlanjwa. Kulo mzekelo, iiseli kuba ubukhulu mm 0.5 ukuya kwi-10. Elinye iqela le iqhekeza ngesihlungulo ukuba adlulisele mm 0.1 ukuya kwi-10.

Njengoko ukwabiwa ubukhulu bamagaqa kuchaphazela izityalo?

Namaqhezu kunye ntetho kwezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo kuchaphazela iipropati agro-technical umhlaba. Ngokukodwa, ubume akwazi ukufumanisa imeko ngamanzi-umoya umhlaba, wayevuma yayo kukhukuliseko, udibaniso, ukuxinana, bemvelo nomgangatho imichiza. Umzekelo, ezinentlabathi nodongwe imihlaba ukuba ubuthathaka yokusingqongileyo ngokwemigaqo exchange lomoya kunye nokufuma. Oku kuphazamisa izityalo ezininzi - ingakumbi ukhulile umhlaba wezolimo, apho umaleko ochumileyo ikwachaphazela uhlobo zokuvuna. Kodwa unikezelo ubukhulu bamagaqa kubalulekile ukuba uhlaza, hayi kangako ngokwemiqathango lwesakhiwo nokuxinana, njengoko umxholo lweziqalelo luncedo. Ngamanye amaxesha le ebusweni nezinki, iphosphate kunye ityuwa ngokwalo eyiyo okunesondlo noseko ezikroziswayo, kunye ngokususa into ebangela ukuba ukwenza olunye izichumiso.

isiphelo

Umzekelo iindlela zobugcisa ukuya uhlalutyo lomhlaba ukuze ihanjiswe ubungakanani yamasuntswana ubonisa indlela izixhobo zokukala zakutshanje iindlela zophando non-ukhuphiswano phambi kokusebenzisa imithetho kwengxelo kunye nemithetho ezinesiqalelo yemvelo. Kakade ke, asinakukwazi sithi ukuba bazimisele lonikezelo ubukhulu bamagaqa umhlaba ngokusebenzisa uhlalutyo micrometric uphelelwa iindlela ngqo kwi lentsebenzo esemgangathweni. Kodwa ngokwemiqathango ukuba nokusebenziseka lelona qela yesibini iphumelela ngakumbi. Kulo mzekelo, isigama usebenzisa ophezulu-ngqo yentsimbi na irhoxisiwe. Iindlela ethembisayo ifuna nje ukuhlanganiswa siseko ezimbini zophando.