Izinki nezinki hayidroksayidi: iipropati, izicelo kunye nendima endalweni

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba izinc nezinki hayidroksayidi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabaphengululi mihla. Ulungiso ngendlela yokusebenzisa kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zezakhiwo imichiza.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ingxubevange yobhedu-zinc esetyenziswa yi ngamaYiputa amandulo, yaye emva uBukhosi baseRoma. Kodwa apha zinc kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba anikezele uhlobo esulungekileyo iminyaka emininzi. Kuphela ngo 1746 A. Marggraff kuqala got le metal ngohlobo yayo enyulu. Kwinkulungwane elinesixhenxe le lokunyibilikisa zinc sele yenziwe ngendlela engazange mveliso.

iipropati chemical kunye nenkcazo emfutshane: zinc

Izinki sisinyithi yobulukhuni medium of. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kakhulu krobo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Kodwa kubushushu-100 ukuya ku-150 degrees Celsius ukuba metal oluthambileyo - yenziwa ukusuka kuxwebhu okanye eneli esinobukhulu ngaphantsi kakhulu ngeyona ndlela.

Ukusuka kwindawo eekhemikhali bakujonge atom zinc kunye inani igcwala ka-phinde ngo 2. Kuyinto metal kakhulu esebenzayo leyo inxaxheba indlela njenge arhente yokunciphisa. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, umoya, kwiqondo lobushushu iqondo 100, zinc ngokukhawuleza libunile, umphezulu layo ligutyungelwe enomzimba ifilimu carbonates. Ukuba umoya ofumileyo kwaye iqulathe isixa esikhulu le carbon dioxide, ngoko wentsimbi kutshabalala ngokukhawuleza.

Izinki ilangatye blue utshisa kukho ioksijini ngexesha zokufudumeza okanye - kwiimeko ezinjalo, inkqubo yokutsha ihamba ukuyilwa komsi omhlophe (oku oxide metal).

Izinki idityaniswe izinto ezilula kunye acids ezithile kunye neziseko, iityuwa ukwakha, nezinki hayidroksayidi, ngokulandelelana.

Namhlanje yaziwa izimbiwa malunga ezingama-66 eziqulathe zinc - kwaye umthombo enkulu for industrial imveliso ye sentsimbi. Ngokomzekelo calamites, zincite, willemite, Franck lignite kunye smithsonite.

Izinki Gidroskid: iimpawu zomzimba imichiza

Zinc (II) hayidroksayidi kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko lisetyenziswa mveliso eyahlukeneyo imichiza. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, le nto, ziikristale ezincinane enemibala emihle, nto leyo ifana ezingenakunyibilika emanzini. hayidroksayidi Ifomula ngu:

Zn (OH) 2

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le nto uye iipropati kwamandla amphoteric. Izinki hayidroksayidi idityaniswe asidi, bangene indlela neutralization yaye ngaloo ndlela bakha ityuwa, kunye namanzi. Umzekelo:

Zn (OH) 2 + H2SO4 = ZnSO4-phinde ngo 2 H2O

Noko ke, zinc hayidroksayidi idityaniswe alkalis ukwakha neetyuwa ezimbaxa kunye namanzi. Umzekelo:

Zn (OH) 2 + 2NaOH = Na2ZnO2 + 2H2O

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa into eshushu abole ukwenza i oxide kunye namanzi:

Zn (OH) 2 = ZnO + H2O

Ke intsimi isicelo, i hayidroksayidi isetyenziswa kwishishini yemichiza ye ekulungiseleleni iikhompawundi ezahlukeneyo zinc, ingakumbi, iityuwa zayo.

Izinki kunye nesicelo yayo

Kuyinto ezisitheleyo zinc Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi umhlwa inhibitor, nto leyo isale zentsimbi kunye nentsimbi. Ngaphezu koko, isixa esikhulu ngentsimbi kufunxwa isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ngobhedu nobhedu.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, kule zinc ibhetri owomileyo lisetyenziswa anode, kwaye lisebenza kwisikhongozeli. Ngapha koko, lo wentsimbi kusetyenziswa ngexesha ukwahlukana zesinyithi amanene (umz; igolide) welothe. iikhompawundi Ezinye zinc zithathwa izinto semiconductor eqhelekileyo.

Izinki ngendlela eziphilayo

Eneneni, kunzima ukuba zazi indima ye zinc kubomi nayiphi eziphilayo, kuquka abantu. Ngaphandle amazinga aphantsi kakhulu, iba yinxalenye enqanda ebalulekileyo inxaxheba kwinkqubo protein yokuqaphela, iseli yokuphefumla, njl Izinki ikwanoxanduva uphuhliso amathambo Palsy. Oku kubonakaliswa ukuba xa kukho imali elingonelanga yezimbiwa nga fiki ukufikisa kunye ukubonakala dwarfism.