Izimbobo ze-ozone - ingxaki yexesha lethu

I-Ozone iqulethwe yilapho inkunkuma ilahlekelwa ngamashishini, kwaye yingozi yemichiza. Liyinto ekhutheleyo kwaye inokubangela ukubola kwezinto ezinxulumene nazo zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo. Nangona kunjalo, emoyeni, i-ozone iguqulwa ibe ngumncedisi oxabisekileyo, ngaphandle kobomi boMhlaba obungeke bube khona.

I-stratosphere ingqonge kwimoya elandela indawo esiphila kuyo. Ingxenye ephezulu yayo ihlanganiswe yi-ozone, umxholo wayo kuloluhlu lunee-molecule ezintathu kwi-10 yezigidi ezinye iamolekyu zomoya. Nangona i-concentration iyinto ephantsi kakhulu, i-ozone idlala umsebenzi obalulekileyo - iyakwazi ukuvimba umzila we-ultraviolet imisebe evela kwindawo kunyekanye nelanga. Iimitha ezinobungozi zingathinteli isakhiwo seeseli eziphilayo kwaye kunokubangela ukuphuhliswa kwezifo ezinjenge-eye cataract, umhlaza kunye nezinye izifo ezinzulu.

Isiseko sokukhusela umgca we- ozone ngumgaqo olandelayo. Ngexesha apho i-molecule zomoya-mpilo zihlangene nomzila we-ultraviolet rays, ukuphendulwa kwabo kwee-athomu ze-oksijini ezi-2 kwenzeka. Ama-athomu ahlanganisiweyo ahlanganiswe nama-molecule engafihlakeleyo, adala i-moleone ye-ozone, equkethe ama-athomu e-oksijini amathathu. Xa imitha ye-ultraviolet idibana nama-molecule e-ozone, oku kutshabalalisa ngee-athomu ze-oksijini ezintathu. Umzuzu wokuqhekeka kwama-molecule uhamba kunye nokukhululwa kobushushu, kunye nomhlaba womhlaba awusayi kufumana.

Izimbobo ze-ozone

Inkqubo yokuguqula i-oksijini ibe yi-ozone kunye nendawo enye ibizwa ngokuba ngumjikelezo we-oxygen-ozone. Uhlobo lwayo lucacile, nangona kunjalo, i-dynamism iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bemisebe yelanga, ixesha kunye neentlekele zemvelo, ngokukodwa, ukuqhuma kwe-volcanic. Iingcali zenzululwazi zagqiba ukuba ubomi bomntu buchaphazela kakhulu ubunzima bayo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kocingo lwe-ozone kubhalwe kwimihla yamva kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwezinye iimeko, yanyamalala ngokupheleleyo. Indlela yokunciphisa impembelelo engalunganga yomntu kulo mjikelezo?

Izimbobo ze-ozone zibangelwa kukuba inkqubo yokutshatyalaliswa kwendawo yokukhusela iqhubeka ngokunyamezela ngaphezu kwesizukulwana sayo. Oku kubangelwa kukuba kwinkqubo yobomi bomntu, umoya uhlambulukisiwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo e-ozone-depleting. Ezi zinto, okokuqala, i-chlorine, i-bromine, i-fluorine, i-carbon kunye ne-hydrogen. Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba i-chlorofluorocarbon compounds iyisongelo esisisiseko kumgca we-ozone. Ziyasetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizityalo eziqhoqhoqho, izivalo zoshishino, izixhobo zomoya kunye neenqwelo ze-aerosol.

I-chlorine, eya kuluhlu lwe-ozone, ingena kunye nokusebenzisana nama-molecule e-ozone. Ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali kwakha i- chlorine oxide kunye ne-molecule ye-oxygen. Xa i-chlorine oxide idibanisa i-athomu ye-oksijeni yamahhala, enye intsebenziswano iyenzeka, ngenxa ye-chlorine ekhutshwayo, kwaye i-molecule ye-oksijini ibonakala. Kwixesha elizayo, ukuphindaphinda kwekhendi, kuba i-klorine ayikwazi ukuhamba ngaphaya kwemoya okanye iwele phantsi. Izimbobo ze-Ozone zibangelwa ukuba i-intlanzi yeli qela iyancipha ngenxa yokuqhekeka kwayo ngokukhawuleza xa amaqela angaphandle angaphandle ayabonakala kwisiseko sayo.

Indawo

Iindawo ezinkulu ze-ozone zifumaneka kwi-Antarctic. Ubungakanani babo buhambelana nendawo yelizwekazi ngokwayo. Le ndawo ayinabantu, kodwa izazinzulu ziyaxhalabisa ukuba ulwaphulo lunokusasazeka kwezinye iindawo zeplanethi, ezihlala zizinzileyo. Oku kuhlaselwa yintlekele yendalo kunye nokufa kweMhlaba.

Ukuthintela ukuncitshiswa kocingo lwe-ozone, kubalulekile okokuqala kukunciphisa inani lemveliso ewonakalisayo ekhutshwe emoyeni. Ngowe-1987, iTyrreal yeMatriki yasayinwa kumazwe angama-180, enika ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziqukethe i-chlorine ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Ngoku, izimbobo ze-ozone ziyancipha, kwaye izazinzulu zithemba ukuba imeko iya kulungiswa ngokupheleleyo ngo-2050.