Ingcamango yesayensi yendalo yesimanje. Isicatshulwa seengqiqo kunye nefilosofi

Ingundoqo kunye nomsebenzi wesayensi yesendalo. Zehlabathi zendalo

Ingcamango yesayensi yanamhlanje kude kube ngoku ayizange ilungiswe kwisayensi yesayensi. Inani elibalulekileyo labalobi baneenguqu zabo zomgaqo-mfundiso, ezikuthi, njengombandela, azihlanganisi phakathi kwabo. Ukungavumelani akukhathaleli nje kuphela isakhiwo salo mbandela, kodwa nembali yayo.

Kwimibuzo yenzululwazi yesayensi, abalobi bavumelana ngale ndlela ilandelayo.

Ukuba izazinzululwazi ezifunda ubunjani zidibanisa kwinkqubo, loo nkqubo iya kuba yenzululwazi yesendalo. Ngelo xesha, uhlobo luchaza iiseti zehlabathi, ezifikelelekayo kuzo zonke iifomu zamava abantu, Umhlaba. Bona (ihlabathi lehlabathi) yinto yokufunda kwisayensi yesendalo.

Ngokubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wehlabathi, banokuhlulwa kwiindawo ezintathu ezidibeneyo:

• Ubume be-microcosm;
• Ubume be-macrocosm;
• Ubume be-megaworld.

Ubume be-microworld yindawo apho imingcele yayo imiselwe ubungakanani be-athomu. Le yihlabathi lezinto ezintle ezincinci kune-athomu okanye ezilinganayo.

Ubume be-macrocosm bukhula ukusuka kumlinganiselo we-atom ukuya ekulinganiseni komhlaba. Le yihlabathi lezinto ezinzima kune-athomu, kodwa ezincinane kuneMhlaba okanye zilingana nayo.

Ubume be-megamir bunqamle ngobunzima bomhlaba - ukusuka kwicala elincinci kunye nobungakanani bendalo-ngokubanzi.

Njengoko uyazi, ihlabathi libonakaliswa kukuqonda. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba kuphela kwindlela ebonakaliswe ngayo umntu, kuba engenawo amandla okucinga, ngaphandle kobunzima bokuqonda.

Ngokubhekiselele kwiipropati zokucinga, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zehlabathi:

- Injongo yokwenene (kuboniswe). Ilawulwa yindlela ekhethekileyo yolwazi - engabonakaliyo. Le fom ("ingqondo ecocekileyo") ayiyipropati yomntu, ubukho bayo buya kuthathwa kuphela.

Ihlabathi lenjongo enjalo ayikwazi ukuphikiswa, kuba, njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, umntu akananto yokuyijonga. Nangona kunjalo, ngokudityaniswa kweenjongo, injongo iyakwazi ukuphanda.

Ingqiqo ebonakalayo (kuboniswe). Ihlabathi elizimeleyo, ngokuchasene nalo, libangelwa ukucinga. Ihlabathi liphazamiseke ngongenelelo loluntu.

Ethetha ngomsebenzi oyintloko wezenzululwazi zendalo, abaninzi ababhali bayavuma ukuba ihlola imithetho yemigaqo yendalo.

Inkcazelo, ukuqonda, inkcazo yesayensi yesendalo

Iipropati zezinto kunye neziganeko azilinganisi. Ngolunye uphando olutsha lwendalo, kukho ithuba lokuvula le nto kunye nesifundo kwindlela entsha, ngeempawu ezintsha. Into enenombolo engapheliyo yeepropati.

Kuphela ukuchaneka okuthe ngqo kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezinomlinganiselo wepropati.

Enye into okanye enye into ayivumeli ukuba ilandele zonke iipropati zayo. Kwakhona akunakwenzeka ukuphanda uhlobo lwepropati enye kunye nemfuneko yesiphene, Ukuchaneka okungenammiselo.

Ulwazi olupheleleyo naliphi na isifundo okanye into engenakwenzeka. Kunokwenzeka ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo inxalenye ethile kwi-accumulation knowledge yepropati zabo, kunye nephutha elithile ngokupheleleyo liya kuvunywa.

Ukunikezela ngolu hlobo ngeenkcukacha ezaneleyo zeemathematika akuthethi ukuba le nto yenzekile. Enyanisweni, inkcazo yeli gama ithetha ingcaciso yendalo yayo, izizathu ezibangele ubukho beli bakala kwaye zifuna ukuba zenzeke, kwaye azikho ezinye izinto.

Ukuchaza into ngale ndlela kuthetha ukutyhila:

• Indlela kunye nencoko yangaphakathi yento;
• Izizathu zokuba inxalenye nganye iyahamba;
• Indlela yokwenza la malungu asebenzisane ngayo;
• Umfanekiso wendlela le ntshukumo edibanisa ngayo nezinye iziganeko kunye nezinto eziphathekayo.

Phantse yonke ingcamango yesayensi yendalo yesimanje isekelwe kwinto yokuba izinto ziyafumaneka xa kubonakala intliziyo yabo yangaphakathi.

Amanyathelo okuphuhliswa kwezesayensi zendalo

Imikhosi yokuvelisa ngexesha lamaxesha amandulo kunye nama-Middle Ages aphuhliswe ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kolwazi lwezenzululwazi, ngoko-ke lusekhompilweni kunye nolwasemthethweni. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukuqala kolwazi lwangaphambili ngeyona ndlela yenze imimiselo ebalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni imikhosi evelisayo. Isiseko sokuguqulwa kunye nokunqoba kwendalo kwimizo yenkolo, kunye nolwazi olusebenzayo kunye nezakhono zobugcisa.

Eli thuba lokuphuhliswa kolwazi malunga nendalo lithathwa ngokwalo (inani elincinci) lezinto ezifunyenwe kwangaphambili, eziza kuthi zibekwe eceleni kwisiseko sezesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, iteknoloji kunye neteknoloji zaphuhliswa ngokungaphelelanga kunye nalezi zinto zithengwayo, ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo malunga nenkqubela.

Kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa, iinzame zomzimba nezengqondo zenziwa ngabavelisi ngokwabo. Ulwazi lwabo lwanele ukuqhuba ngokuzimeleyo imveliso ekhethiweyo.

Eli nqanaba kwimbali yokubonakalisa uluntu ngokuqonda kufuneka kuthiwa yi-pre-zesayensi. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba, ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga ixesha elifanelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "inzululwazi yendalo" ngokumalunga nale nkalo kunemiqathango.

Ekuqaleni kwesigaba esilandelayo - isigaba senzululwazi - ngokusisiseko kwisiseko sazo sifaka ifilosofi. Oku kukhankanywe phantse yonke imfundiso yesayensi yanamhlanje.

Ngokubambisana nokufumana amava kunye nezakhono zobugcisa, kwavela isidingo sokusebenza kwabo, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo kunye nokuvelisa.

Ukuguqulwa kolwazi olusebenzayo ekuqalweni kwezenzululwazi kwakhokelela ekubunjweni kwezinto zesayensi yolwazi: okokuqala, okwenyama, i-biological, geological, kamva-geographic, mechanical,

Ukuba ngokusekelwe kweli nqaku i-conceptual general design of science yesimanje yakhiwa, ngoko kuya kuqinisekiswa ukuba kubalwa kwinkulungwane yayo ukususela ngo-1948, xa uNorbert Wiener wadala i-cybernetics. Ngokwale nzululwazi, imvelo kunye noluntu lulawulwa yimithetho echanekileyo. Ukufunyanwa kwe-Wiener kwakubaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke iprogram yezesayensi yeenkulungwane zama-20 neye-21, kwaye i-cybernetics ithole isihloko esingaqhelekanga "sesayensi yesayensi."

Ukususela ekupheleni kwee-90 zee-20 zenkulungwane. Umlandeli we-cybernetics kwakuyi-informatics, leyo leyo, ekugqibeleni, kuze kube namhlanje iqwalaselwa "yenzululwazi yesayensi".

Inzululwazi yesimanje yendalo, ezayo emva koko ifumana ingcamango eyodwa, kuba indalo yayo iya kufuna ukuqhubeka nokuqwalaselwa kweenguqu kwimifanekiso yehlabathi yesayensi. Kuyo ngokwayo, kuya kubakho ukubonelela indlela yokuyihlaziya.