Izihluzi Russian

umba oyile ibisoloko ingqalelo ukuba yeyona ibalulekileyo uqoqosho naliphi na ilizwe.

Its imbali izicokisi Russia waqalisa 1745, kususela kwimini xa inkampani yokuqala ibisekwe phezu komlambo Ukhta abazalwana Chumelovymi. Xa intliziyo imveliso yawo ukubeka eyona, kodwa afanelekileyo kakhulu ngaloo mihla, iparafini, kunye nezinye izinto zokuthambisa.

Namhlanje kushishino Russian oyile ukusulungekiswa igqalwa omnye kakhulu yimpumelelo. Growing Inani lamashishini, yaye ezincinane nezinkulu, ngenxa yenzuzo ngakumbi ukusuka processing of "ngegolide black". Best zonke, ushishino yaphuhliswa kummandla Central kweli lizwe, ngokunjalo kwi Tyumen kunye eChelyabinsk iingingqi.

izicokisi Russian ukuvelisa ikakhulu ipetroli, iparafini, idizili, irula, amafutha jet, ioli amafutha, amafutha kweemoto, itha, petroleum coke, njl Uninzi zazo kufutshane rigs ioli olwenza iinkampani, ukuze angachithi iimali ezongezelelweyo ukulungiselela sonikezelo izinto ekrwada. Emva processing, imveliso ogqityiweyo uthunyelwa kumsebenzisi ekupheleni.

Umsebenzi ophambili, oluqhutywa izicokisi e Russia - yinto enzulu ioli nokusulungekiswa. Umjikelo yabo imveliso idla ubunjwe lokulungisa izinto zokwenza imveliso, primary oyile ukudlalwa m amaqhezu zisetyenziswe oluquka nokuqhekeka zokuphosa, ukuguqula, coking kunye hydrotreating wokuxuba neoli ogqityiweyo.

Kwiindawo ezicokisayo inkulu eRashiya ibekwe Central, aseSiberia kunye iVolga kwizithili federal, engunobangela ngaphezu asixhenxe ekhulwini amandla lizwe. Lo mzi wokucokisa Neft-eOmsk kunye Angarsky, Antipinsky (Tyumen) Afipsky (Krasnodar) Krasnoleninsky (Khanty- Mansyisk) Ufa (Bashkiriya) njl Ngomhla kummandla zifundo senkokeli Russian kule nkqubo ephambili neoli Bashkiria.

Russian oli ngenxa becala wabonakala kwilizwe lethu emva kwemfazwe; ngokuba ixesha kwamaziko 16 zakhiwa phambi 1965, emele ngaphezu kwesiqingatha namhlanje ekhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa ithuba lokulungisa umnotho 1990 kolu shishino kubekho ukuhla kakhulu imithamo yemveliso. Oku kube lula wacacisa: ngaloo maxesha kabukhali lehla ukusetyenziswa oyile lwangaphakathi, nto leyo libya imveliso, nobunzulu lomlingani processing oko phantsi, esiwa 67,4 ekhulwini. Kwaye kuphela ngo-1999 i-oli ikwazile ukufumana kufutshane imilinganiselo USA naseYurophu.

Kuphela kwiminyaka yakutshanje kweli phephancwadi kuyakhuthaza trend wayo, umqondiso kuzo mali okubonakalayo nefteperabotku ukuba, kwasekuqaleni lagqithisa engange-40 billion ngo-2006.

Ndikhule processing lomlingani nobunzulu, kuba ngo-2010, Vladimir Putin wakhupha umyalelo wamalela ukudibanisa kwabo ezintsha emendweni izicokisi eRashiya, apho asifikeleli-70%, xa ucinga ukuba ezi beenkampani esibi udinga ngokwala maxesha. Inani mini-izicokisi eRashiya namhlanje uza angamakhulu amabini anamashumi mahlanu.

Yaye ekupheleni kuka-2012 Kucetywa ukwakha eRashiya inkulu oli, sise ekupheleni mbhobho edlula East eSiberia ukuya Pacific Ocean, apho ubunzulu processing imveliso iya kuba malunga ne-93 ekhulwini, okuhambelana kwinqanaba befikelelwe kwisithuba esiphakathi ko iinkampani efanayo US .

Zibethelelwe kuninzi kushishino ukusulungekiswa i elizweni lethu phantsi kolawulo iinkampani ezilishumi ezinkulu ezifana "Rosneft", "Lukoil", "Bashneft", "Surgutneftegaz", "TNK-BP", "Gazprom", njl