Ukubalwa ukulayita. lokukhanyisa Street. Ukubalwa yokukhanyisa indawo yemveliso

Kumaxesha amandulo, ukukhanya waqonda ngabantu nje into, nto leyo kwakuxhomekeke nokuthanda iziqu eziphezulu ... Namhlanje ke akukho mfihlakalo indlela uyakwazi ukulawula le imitha, yintoni na kubume bayo, ukubala indlela ukulayita.

Ukungabikho ukukhanya reyi iziphumo kubekho ukuncipha okubalulekileyo ucikizeko, ukonakala ezempilo kunye nokunciphisa meko. Kule nkalo, i-ingongoma ebalulekileyo ichanekile kwaye nokuthotyelwa kunye neemfuno yococeko, nokubekwa uqhagamshelwano ngezinto ukukhanyisa. Kumashishini inzuzo uya ukuthenga izixhobo-eyonga for endlwini kwakunye ngenxa ntsimi.

ukusebenza lokukhanyisa

Xa ombala uluhlu 380-780 NM kwi woqondo spectrum radiation magnetic libonakala. It ingachazwa yi kwezi zithethe zixabisekileyo zilandelayo:

1. liqaqambileyo Flux (le yinxalenye radiation woqondo ibonwa ngumntu njengokuba ukukhanya). Iyunithi yomlinganiselo le mithambo. Xa ubalo obizwa ngokuba F.

2. Amandla ukukhanya (lexinene wobhobhozayo ezikhanyayo kwisithuba lulele kwicala ezimanyeneyo engile eqinileyo). It luchazwa nje, kwaye ulinganiswa candelas.

3. I-angle eziqinileyo (le yinxalenye isithuba, nto leyo amalungiselelo ngaphakathi kumphezulu etsobhileyo). Ulinganiswa steradians. Oku kuboniswa ekubaleni W.

4. ukhanyiso ibonisa ixabiso umphezulu lexinene wobhobhozayo ezikhanyayo. It is a iyunithi zodidi, yaye ezipalini zibonakaliswe E.

5. Ukuqaqamba ke umphezulu amandla mninzi umqadi kumphezulu edulusele kweli cala. Le flow ulinganiswa candelas square metre nganye kwaye luchazwa uL

6. isalathiso ilitha (P) ngumlinganiselo lwezixhobo Gweb ukukhanyisa.

7. bemfuno illuminance yama- (K), kulinganiswa e ekhulwini, kusetyenziswa ukuhlola isalamane nokunyuka ubunzulu illuminance.

8. Isalathisi kuyaphela (M) esetyenziswa kuvavanyo njengenqobo kabi ilitha, nto leyo ebangela ubuhlungu amehlo kukabani xa amagumbi amatshatshazi nonuniform kwi kwinkalo umbono.

izixhobo zokulinganisa

luxmeters ezahlukeneyo kusetyenziswa ukugqiba illuminance. Umzekelo, iyunithi "U-116" ikuvumela ukuba ukubala le parameter eyenziweyo yale igqengezelayo kunye ukukhanya bendalo. imitha Ukukhanya isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukukhanyisa kwezolimo, ezothutho, kushishino kunye namanye amacandelo.

Ukukala amanye amanani, ezifana ukukhanya, umlinganiselo pulsation, kusetyenziswa izixhobo analog-digital. Umzekelo kubo izinga intliziyo monitor-ukukhanya manzi "Argus-07". Umgaqo ukusebenza kwayo - yokuguqula wobhobhozayo ezikhanyayo into eyenziwe izinto eyandisiweyo, isignali zombane eqhubekayo ngokomlinganiselo illuminance. Ngaphezu koko, oko iguqulelwa ibe ikhowudi yedijithali ukuba kuboniswe Ibhodi ngekhompyutha.

Iintlobo kwezibane ekuveliseni

Ukuba igumbi esikhanyayo izibane kuphela, izibane floor, izibane, oko kukhanya okwenziwe, ibizwa ngokuba ukulayita. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukudala indawo ukonwabele ukusebenza, ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo izakhiwo kunye nemihlaba. Oko lungohlulwa lube zezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

1. Working.
2. Ukhuseleko.
3. Emergency.
4. House.

wasebenzisa lokuqala ukukhanyisa iiofisi, iindawo zomsebenzi ngaphandle kwesakhiwo. Uhlobo yesibini neyesine kwezibane ibandakanyiwe iiyure non-shishini, kwaye eyesithathu iqaqambisa zokuphuma ngexesha likaxakeka, imiba yokhuseleko ezahlukeneyo. ukulayita inokuba eziqhelekileyo, apho izibane zilungiswe ngokufanayo kwindawo yokwaleka ye-ofisi, okanye idityaniswe. Kwimeko yesibini itotali wongezelela izibane yobulali ukuba wadala izibane usondele ukuya emsebenzini.

Uhlobo elandelayo kwezibane mveliso Kungokwemvelo. Apha kwakhona, kukho iindidi ezininzi: osecaleni, phezulu, zihlangene. Okokuqala - oku xa kwelanga ongena egumbini ngokusebenzisa skylights ezindongeni zangaphandle. Xa ukukhanya yesibini ukuya kugqitha Ekungeneni ezindongeni kwiindawo beyeka ubude besakhiwo okanye izibane. Uhlobo lwesithathu sidibanisa izibane ongentla icala. Olu hlobo kwezibane kuyimfuneko ngakumbi kule ndawo kunye khona njalo inani elikhulu labantu.

uhlobo Ludityanisiwe kwezibane ludibaniso yendalo neyenziweyo. Oku kusetyenziswa kwiimeko ezizodwa xa umsebenzi kwenziwa ukususela ekuqaleni ukuya kwinqanaba lesithathu, ukuba izisombululo kuyimfuneko isithuba-yokucwangcisa ukwakhiwa okanye xa ukusebenziseka kubugcisa nakuqoqosho kuqinisekiswa izibalo.

IMIMISELO iintlobo ngokukhanyisa

Izilungiselelo imilinganiselo parameters kufuneka sithembele kwi SNP "Izibane Natural neyenziweyo." Ngaloo Improvement ukhanyiso kulawulwa ubuncinane kumgangatho kuvumelekile esekelwe iimpawu kunye nohlobo lomsebenzi owenziwa ebonwayo (RR). Kukho iindidi ezintathu lr:

1. Eyokuqala ibandakanya imisebenzi apho akukho mfuneko ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhanyisa. ukwahlula into kule meko kungenzeka imigama ezahlukeneyo ukusuka iliso.
2. Eyesibini uvumela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezamehlo ngelixa esenza umsebenzi. Isizathu kukuba ubungakanani encinane kakhulu na into, nto leyo alubonwanga esweni.
3. Eyesithathu iquka umsebenzi oyimfuneko ukufumana ingcaciso evela screen. Ngokuba lo hlobo iimfuno ezikhethekileyo esebenzayo zokukhanya lwequmrhu.

Xa kokuvumelana kunye SNP "yokukhanyisa Natural neyenziweyo" ezi mpawu zilandelayo imisebenzi olubonakalayo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ngokukhanya obhobhozayo subclass. Eyokuqala ukhandwa ngenxa ubungakanani ucalulo into, kwaye eyesibini - phezu indibanisela yesandi kunye Ngokungafaniyo calulo into ngasemva. Kuba nganye iimpawu nganye ezinga malungu abantu luminance, icandelo luminance, umlinganiselo pulsation neendlela zazo ekubaleni sokukhanyisa ngumntu.

Ukuba ukukhanya kwendalo kwigumbi okanye zidityanisiwe, ngoko RR obhobhozayo lomlingani ulula yendalo. Yeyona umlinganiselo ukukhanya kwendalo ukuya kwixabiso elimisiweyo ukukhanya engaphandle nkqo, kwaye lidala isibhakabhaka ukukhanya evulekileyo.

Xa ukukhanya kwendalo a icala kunye nendlela enye, kukho ixabiso keo zisezantsi kwindawo apho ekudibaneni kwe iindawo nkqo icandelo moya umnqamlezo kunye umphezulu olunemiqathango elisebenza kumgama 1 m ukusuka eludongeni, ime kude evela apertures ukukhanya. Ukuba ukukhanya eliphezulu okanye idityaniswe, ngoko ke ubalo kuthatha ixabiso umndilili ngumlingani kwezi ndawo imi ekudibaneni kwe candelo nkqo moya caba umphezulu ukusebenza.

Ukubalwa ukulayita

Le yinto yokuqala kukhethwe uhlobo umthombo kukhanya kulo mba. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukumisela inkqubo yokukhanyisa nokuthobela. Intwana yesibini iya kuba ukufakwa-ofisi luminaire ezikhethiweyo kwaye ukubalwa illuminance kwiindawo ezithile. Ke ekugqibeleni, indawo yokugqibela yi inkcazelo legunya isibane enye. Ukukhethwa umthombo wokukhanya lwenziwa ngolawulo kulandelayo: izibane okuyimpumelelo ezisetyenziswa environments amaqondo ngentla na izinyuko ezilishumi, kunye neemfuno eziphakamileyo umbala lomsebenzi weklayenti umgangatho kunye iqondo amancinane yokwenzakala. Ukuba ofisi akukho ukukhanya nobushushu bendalo ukwenza umsebenzi ezichanekileyo, sebenzisa izibane ezibengezelayo. Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa ukubala zokukhanya LED, kufuneka kukhunjulwe apha ukuba izibane olu hlobo asingabo isiphumo stroboscopic, oko kukuthi, ukukhanya rhoqo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukubala izinga pulsation echanekileyo ukuphepha ukugqama eliphezulu.

Ekumiseleni inkqubo izibane kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo iindleko-ukusebenza kwenkqubo ukukhanya ahlangeneyo kunye nococeko yayo (ukufana kunye nokukhanya wobhobhozayo ukukhanya). Xa izixhobo ofisi lazo, isicelo izibane lendawo. Ngu inkcazelo uhlobo isibane kufuneka ithathwe malunga imithetho chithwa ngolunya yobumhlophe entsimini umbono yabasebenzi, kwakunye ngokuxhomekeke imeko-bume lomoya le.

Kuba ukwabiwa kakuhle ukukhanya eyenziwe scheme ukukhanyisa. Kuyinto iintlobo ezininzi: elula (ukudibanisa inani elincinane izibane kubekanye kwizithuba umaphuli yesekethe), i yomkhethi (uqhagamshelwano kwamaqela amabini azimeleyo lediski balawulwa ngaxa linye), bi-owenza (vula nangaphandle lwenziwa kuphuma amanqaku ezimbini), lo commutator (ilawulwa ezimbini sokuyivula kumacala amabini, yaye omnye - kwicala elinye).

Calculation shop yokukhanyisa ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo yemida zilandelayo: ukumiselwa uhlobo lwemithombo ukukhanya luminaires, ukubala kwabo kunye nokusasazwa oqeqeshelwe isithuba, ukumiselwa amandla abo kunye wesekethe namandla. Ukongeza kwezi zinto, kufuneka ahlawule ingqalelo iintlobo imisebenzi ezibonwayo, iimeko zokusingqongileyo, izixhobo zokusebenza indlela ikhona, inani labasebenzi, izibane ngexesha likaxakeka.

amandla ethile Indlela

Ukubalwa ukulayita ngale ndlela ivumela ekubaleni sokukhanyisa eliqikelelwayo kwizakhiwo zoshishino kunye unikezelo efanayo zalapho zokukhanya. A amandla isibane ibalwa yi ifomula:

PL = PyS / ezadalwa

Apho ngu- bani na amandla ezizodwa isibane, ethe ixabiso kwi labobalawuli akufuneki. Power ezinoxinano ixhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nokubekwa nezibane luminaires, iimpawu isithuba wokuloba, kwakunye ukuphakama zokumiswa. Ixabiso S ibonisa indawo yomgangatho kunye eziyi - inani kwimibhobho. Iziphumo zikholisa elingqukuviweyo ixabiso eliphezulu.

Indlela ukusetyenziswa ekubhobhozeni ezikhanyayo into okanye

Ngale ndlela, siya ubale imveliso kwezibane xa ukhanyiso umsebenzi kumphezulu ihleliwe. Indlela ayisebenzi ukuba localized ukukhanyisa lwangaphandle basekuhlaleni, ukuba iindawo zokusebenzela ayikho tyaba, kwakunye kubalwa ukukhanya kanzulu.

Ubalo lwenziwa ngokomgaqo wokubala:

F = En SZK / Nη

Apho F - na wobhobhozayo ezikhanyayo; En - normability ukhanyiso; S - indawo esandeni; N - inani ngemibhobho; Z - ratio amandla kancinane; K - factor ukhuseleko; η - ukusetyenziswa ratio ye izibane reyi ukukhanya.

Ukususela ixabiso obhobhozayo ezikhanyayo aboniswe isibane, leyo zingohluka kwezo ixabiso abaliweyo kuluhlu ukususela -10 ukuya +20 ekhulwini. Ukuba umahluko omkhulu ngaphezu imida kuvunyelwa, inani kulawulwa ngayo luminaires.

indlela spot

Indlela esetyenzisiweyo ukumisela kwimitha ukukhanya wezibane xa ukukhanya kubonakala ayibalulekanga. Indlela lisetyenziswa kuyo nayiphi na indawo apha kumphezulu esikhanyayo kunye kwemidlalo ukukhanya. Le ndlela isekelwe phezu lulwahlulo ukuxhomekeka umphezulu illuminance (E) apho eveliswe yi indawo umthombo wokukhanya, umgama ukusuka kumphezulu (r), i-engile lweziganeko (a) kunye ukukhanya (I):

E = I cos α / r ²

Calculation shop izibane, ingakumbi ukuhlohla izibane luquka amanyathelo aliqela:

1. Ukufumana ukhanyiso ubuncinane nganye ezinga malungu abantu.

2. Ukukhethwa uhlobo umthombo ukukhanya. Ukumisela uhlobo ngezinto kunye nokubekwa kwawo emgangathweni evenkileni.

3. Wedwa kweendawo zokulawula kunye illuminance liphantsi kwisicwangciso ofisi eqhelekileyo.

4. amanqaku ulawulo lwenziwa izibalo kwi yokukhanyisa eqhelekileyo. Kubalwe elandelayo wesakhiwo yemveliso kwezibane isekelwe kwi indawo nge zokukhanya ubuncinane eqhelekileyo.

5. iitafile reference wagqiba yokukhanyisa okuza ezongezelelweyo stock.

6. Fumana wampompoza ubalaseleyo, kwanezibane. Ngokutsho iziphumo wathabatha isibane eqhelekileyo.

7. Ukumisela amandla isibane iphela ufakelo ukukhanya.

izibalo UMZEKELO umbani ukunika zilandelayo: a ingxaki banikwe h ukuphakama = 4 m, a k ukhuseleko factor = 1,5, ezongezelelweyo lomlingani ukhanyiso u = 1,2, Emin = illuminance nganye ezinga-75 spiderman. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuchaza iindawo umsebenzi izibane kwi ezindongeni izibane HPA.

Ekubeni izibane olu hlobo ukuhanjiswa kukhanya enzulu, kubo λ = 1. Umgama phakathi kofakelo ukukhanya iya kuba-4 m, kwaye ukusuka zalapho zokukhanyisa kakhulu iindonga -. 1 m zibekwe phezu Amanqaku okulawula isicwangciso A, B (i luminance lisezantsi) kwaye ukubala umgama kubo ukuya ngeprojektha izibane elikufutshane (d). Le nto elilandelayo inkcazo phantsi kwemiqathango-ukukhanya ekufumaneni indawo ngokubonakala liphantsi. Ngokutsho ukubala ixabiso isibane ezikhanyayo obhobhozayo, umahluko yalo kunye nexabiso ibhanile, kananjalo afumane ukukhanyisa.

Ukubalwa zokukhanya lilonke xa usebenza nge computer

Xa umsebenzi lowo ezinxulumene PC womqeshwa, kufuneka bathobele imithetho ezizodwa ufakelo kwezibane. Kulo mzekelo, iliso lifumana umthwalo kabini, njengoko Uyabubona ukukhanya kubonakala ukusuka lwebhodi yezitshixo kunye namaxwebhu, kwakunye ngqo ukusuka esweni.

Igumbi kufuneka ukulayita yendalo neyenziweyo kunye keo lomlingani hayi ngaphantsi kwe-1.2%. Kuyimfuneko ukuba umphezulu ukusebenza ngeekhompyutha yaye nomntu nelungiselelwe ecaleni amathuba sokungena kukukhanya ukukhanya bendalo. lokwenziwa igumbi izibane ubalo lwenziwa malunga nenkqubo iyonke ukukhanya ngesiganeko efanayo. blestkost ngqo zibenze imithombo ukukhanya (njengokukhazimla ngeefestile, izibane kunye nezinye iindawo ezikhanyayo ayikho ngaphezu kwe-200 cd / m ^2), nokubengezela ilawulwa Ukukhetha eyiyo izibane kunye nendawo lezihlalo ezisebenzayo, ngokuxhomekeka kwiziseko zokukhanya (njengokukhazimla ilitha kwikhusi, mabangabi ngaphezu kwe-40 cd / m ^2).

Xa kukhanya okwenziwe imithombo ukukhanya kufuneka usebenzise izibane ezibengezelayo kunye ezijiko-jiko ezibengezelayo. Ukuba ngaba indawo leyo imveliso okanye character zentlalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukusebenzisa izibane halide metal. Zalapho kufuneka ibe Louvres kunye diffusers.

izisombululo lokukhanyisa Street

Izitalato inomsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuhlanganisa kwiindawo zangaphandle zibe yinto enye, udlala indima umncedisi ukhuseleko kunye nezifundo kwisithuba, kwakunye nokwenza aesthetic Makungafiki ukuya umhombiso mzi. Esikhanyisa izixhobo olu hlobo kwezibane kufuneka zikhethwe kuxhomekeke iimpawu kunye nobume izinto. Ukuba isebenze ngokuzenzekelayo okanye dispatcher. iintlobo ezininzi izibane ezitalatweni kungathiwa:

1. Flood. Kakuhle eli ndlela - ukufaka yaye kujoliswe kwizibane. Isetyenziswa yokungenisa ukukhanya ukhuseleko kwiindawo ezingqonge.
2. Iyonke. Le ndlela iquka ukwabiwa efanayo izibane uhlobo olunye. Luhle iindlela ukukhanyisa, iipaki, iindawo apho uhambisa abantu kunye neemoto.
3. Zokumakisha. Nale hlobo ngezinto izibane ezitalatweni zibekwe ecaleni imigca azinikezele iimilo. Isetyenziswa ukudala yakhiwe ezibonwayo, sigxininise isiqabu, babone icala iindlela zokuhamba.