Isixhobo olufikelelekayo kunye neempawu zayo

Inkqubo lwezimali - ezi-siseko ukusebenza kwenkqubo mali, iimpawu zayo zokusebenza kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi ntlobo.

isiseko sayo yenziwe lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho kunye nemigaqo esemthethweni ukuchaza izakhono ezingundoqo abasemagunyeni engundoqo nabeengingqi malunga nokuziphatha inkqubo yohlahlo lwabiwo kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi zonke iintlobo.

Qaphela ukuba inkqubo mali kunye nesakhiwo karhulumente sele ukuxhomekeka ngqo. Xa siqwalasela umbuso owodwa mali khona ukuze kubekho amabini kumanqanaba - karhulumente wengingqi. Njengoko ngenxa federal, isakhiwo mali yahlulelwe kwii amacandelo amathathu:-mali federal, amalungu umanyano kunye basekuhlaleni. Qaphela ukuba ezi ntlobo of local fom nazo eyahlukileyo, ngenxa yolawulo ndawo kwisahlulo lizwe. Uhlahlo lwabiwo - luhlobo wemfundo nokusetyenziswa kwemali, nto leyo eyenzelwe ukunika yonke imisebenzi nabasemagunyeni karhulumente. Ukuma echanekileyo kuyanceda ekuphumezeni inkqubo ngempumelelo mali karhulumente.

izixhobo olufikelelekayo kunye nenkqubo yohlahlo ezikhoyo ngokunxulumene kufutshane omnye komnye. Isiseko salo naliphina kwinkqubo yohlahlo yinkqubo - iseti mali ye elements ngamnye kwicandelo lolawulo-zendawo, zisekelwe kumgaqo lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho kunye nokulawula komthetho. Ke imiba yale nkqubo, apho kukho ezimbalwa: isakhiwo, imigaqo ngesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza mbutho.

Xa inkqubo lwezimali jikelele isekelwe kwimigaqo ezininzi:

1. Iindidi mali, ezidaliweyo kwilizwe elithile kufuneka kwabelwane.

2. Ilizwe kufuneka ukulawula ngokucacileyo imigaqo esisiseko ye-nkqubo.

3. Phakathi amakhonkco yenkqubo mali kufuneka ngokucacileyo zabelwe umahluko.

4. Phakathi kwezi ndawo kufuneka uchaziwe ze bodwa uhlobo lobudlelane semilo babo.

Xa siqwalasela ngokweenkcukacha, kufuneka isekelwe kokwahlulwa kweendidi mali, nto leyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.

inkqubo lwezimali Russian iqulathe iiyunithi ezintathu eziphambili:

1. mali Federal.

2. Uhlahlo kwenziwa kuzwelonke-karhulumente kunye kwiiyunithi yolawulo-yemimandla, zibizwa ngokuba lwabiwo federal okanye lommandla. Phakathi kwazo zikazwelonke, yengingqi, yengingqi, uhlahlo lwabiwo iiyunithi ezimeleyo, kunye nesixeko (umz, eMoscow okanye St. Petersburg).

3. Local.

Le nkqubo kufuneka ibe nye aokusetyenziswa ngokusebenzisa ukuphunyezwa yi a kwezentlalo noqoqosho olunye imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nesicwangciso kwemimiselo yezomthetho kunye nokusetyenziswa wokuhlelwa efanayo iintlobo zamaxwebhu mali. Ngokubanzi, ubume lwabiwo - ngumsebenzi kulawulwa ngumthetho.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na isekelwe phezu imfuneko siqwalasele iimpawu eziphambili amabakala alo. Ngoko ke, lo mbutho ubudlelane phakathi mali ngokusekelwe iindlela zabo, iimilo kunye neefom. Ngokuphathelele lokuqala, ngokokwayo kukho umsantsa kwi nkqo (yabanjwa phakathi kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo-mali) kunye tyaba (inqanaba enye).

Njengoko kuba iimpawu ulwalamano, ukuba yahlulwe kulawulwa imithetho, imigaqo kunye yesivumelwano (ngokususela kwimvumelwano phakathi kwamagunya).

Ngokungenisa iifom ezikude zenkxaso- (Unikezelo amanqanaba aphezulu aphantsi), ukubala kusiyiwa emva, ukurhoxiswa mali, ngokunjalo iikhredithi iindleko ephantsi (aba transfer okwethutyana kuthetha nakunxibelelwano imfuneko waqonda).