Uluhlu lweziqhamo. Izithelo ezimnandi. Izithelo zaseRashiya

Igama elithi "isiqhamo" akusilo lixesha lesityalo. Abantu abaphantsi kwalo ngokuqhelekileyo bathetha izithelo ezidliwayo ezidliwayo kunye nezinye izihlahla.

Yintoni isiqhamo?

NgesiLatini, isiqhamo sithetha okufanayo nesiqhamo. Kwaye phantsi kwesi sigaba sifanelekile kunye namajikijolo, kunye nemifuno, kunye namantongomane, kunye nosawoti. Kungekudala, amajikijolo sele athatyathwa njengento yokufumana iziqhamo zentsapho, njengoko zombini zingadliwa ziluhlaza, kwaye imifuno ifuna ukuba unyango lube lukhuni. Kukho olunye uluhlu, phantsi kwayo njengesiqhamo kuvela ithanga, iinaninku, i-ginger, njl. Ezi zeziqhamo apho ungalungisa khona iibhentshi ezinomsoco, ezigcinwe ixesha elide. Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo eYurophu. Kwaye ngaba kunokuthi kubangelwa iziqhamo, umzekelo, utamatisi, ngenxa yokuba utamatisi oluhlaza luphekwe umqubu ocolileyo kakhulu? Kwezinye iimeko, iziqhamo zesityalo ziye zahlulwa zibe ziqhamo ezimnandi kwaye zinomso okanye zidliwayo kwaye zingenakulungiswa. Ngaloo ndlela, ukwahlula imifuno, izithelo kunye namajikijolo kunemiqathango. Kukho ezinye izigaba ezifunyenwe kumasebe ahlukeneyo yesayensi, imboni kunye nezinye iimfuno. Ngokomzekelo, ngokubhekisele kwisakhiwo somntwana, bahlulwe ngamatye kunye neziqhamo ze-pome, ngokuvela kwimvelo kunye nokulima okanye ukukhetha, i-hybrids. Nangona kukho iziqhamo ezibomvu kunye nohlaza. I nyaniso yokuba i-pigment ebomvu ngezinye iimeko ezithintekayo. Oku kusebenza kwi-strawberries, i-oranges, njl njl., Ngakho-ke ayanconywa ukuba badle ngamanani amaninzi abhinqa abakhulelweyo nabantwana abancinci. Ukungabi ne potassium kunye ne-carotene, ezi zigaba zingagcwalisa, umzekelo, ngeendleko zeebhilikthi.

Apricot

I-Apricot kunye neentlobo zayo zasendle, zherdel, zikhula eningizimu yeRashiya. Njengeziqhamo ezininzi ezimnandi, i-apricot ifanelekile nge-jam, kodwa ngenxa yemali eninzi ye-pectin iyakhutshwa ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke ihlala ihamba i-marmalade, i-pastille, i-jam, ijusi. Iziqhamo ezomileyo ezineempumlo (ama-apricot) kunye ne-apricots (omisiwe ama-aprikoti) atyhelwa ngamanzi abilisayo kwaye asetyenziswe njengokuzaliswa kwamapayi, kunye nomhlaba owomileyo ube ngumgubo kwaye wongezwa kwintlama. Ijusi ye-apricot, ngenxa yento ephakamileyo ye-calcium kunye neyinyithi, ifakwe kwiluhlu lweziqhamo eziboniswayo zokuncedisa abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye nokutya okuncedisayo kwiintsana. Inani elikhulu le-phosphorus kunye ne-magnesium lenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwengqondo. I-Potassium, equkethwe kwipuphu yama-apricot, isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwinkqubo ye-cardiovascular system, iqinisa imyocardium.

Banana

I-apricot entsha - iindwendwe ezingapheliyo kwiithala zeesitolo, kodwa unesinye indlela esilungileyo - ibhanana, isiqhamo esithengiswa ngaso sonke ixesha. Kuzo zonke iimpawu ezi yiyona berry yangempela. Kwezinye iimeko, iibhanana zaselwandle kumthengi zifikeleleke ngakumbi kunabasebenzi basekhaya.

Into ebangelisayo yolu sityalo inceda ukuba isasazeke kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo zehlabathi. Inyaniso kukuba iibhanana kufuneka zivunwe zize zivuthiwe, oko kukuthi, luhlaza kwaye lukhuni. Ukuba ubashiya kwisityalo, baya kulahlekelwa iipropati ezifanelekileyo kunye neengcamango. Iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zilala phantsi, ziba mnandi kwaye zizalise ngokubunjwa kwezinto ezinobuncwane ezinobuncwane, kwaye izitshalo ezivuthiweyo zitshintshwe zibe yintyatye yesonka elula. Inani elikhulu le potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-sodium kunye ne-phosphorus yenza iibhanana zingenakulungiswa kwindawo yokutya kwabantwana. Esi siqhamo siya kunceda kwaye kwimeko apho umntwana wayenobungozi bokutya, egqityiweyo kwizinto zokutya. Kwi-pulp yebhanana, kukho i-ephedrine, eyandisa kancinci uxinzelelo lwegazi, ngoko iboniswa kwizigulane ze-hypotonic.

Iziqhamo zomhlaba waseRashiya

IRashiya isityebi kwimimandla yeziqhamo zasendle kunye neeberry. EMpuma Ekude, i-honeysuckle ikhula kule fomu, kwingingqi yaseKaliningrad - i-buckthorn yolwandle, i-raspberries, i-blackberries kunye ne-dog-rose, e-Bashkiriya kunye ne-Urals - i-aple, i-cherry, eSiberia - i-raspberries, i-currants, i-cowberries, i-blueberry, i-cranberries, i-strawberries. Uluhlu lweziqhamo kunye namajikijolo lukhulu kakhulu kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba uluhlu lwabo bonke kwinqaku elincinane. Abantu baseRussia bangabonwa njengemipula, ipeyari, i-cherry, iindidi ezingenakubalwa kwamajikijolo. Ukongezelela koku ngasentla, i-blackberries, i-blueberries, amathambo, isikhulu, i-crawberry, i-cloudberry, i-viburnum, i-ash ash, i-hawthorn, i-irga, i-elderberry, i-cherry, njl. Oku akusiyo uluhlu olupheleleyo lwezityalo kunye namajikijolo atholakala kwintsimi yelizwe lethu.

Ierries goji okanye dereza?

Kungekudala, isiqhamo sesityalo se-goji siye sapapashwa kakhulu njengomkhiqizo omncinci. Ukuba uthatha isihlomelo-sichazi, esichaza inkcazo yeziqhamo kunye namajikijolo, unokufumanisa ukuba esi sityalo esimangalisayo siqhele zonke iRashiya kwaye sisasazeka kulo lonke elaseRashiya, kwaye simbiza ngokuba yi-déregulation. Le berry yayingathandwa kakhulu okhokho bethu, kuba yayingenanto yokuqala kunye nephunga eliphawulekayo, njenge-raspberry, i-currant okanye i-strawberry. Ukongezelela, ukubonakala kwento enokudliwayo kunokudibanisa lula ne-wolfberry enetyhefu. Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ubunzima, oogogo bahlala besisebenzisa i-gooseberry.

Gooseberries

"Amagilebhisi aseMntla," njengoko izandla zikaMichurin zaqala ukubiza i-gooseberries, ezikhulayo kuzo zonke iintsimi zangaphambili kunye nezitrato, akuyiRashiya. Wabuziswa kuthiwe emininzi eminyaka edlulileyo. Kwiingxelo zamaxesha ka-Ivan III kukho ukukhankanywa kwesi sihlahla. Iimpawu zengqungquthela zamajikijolo sele zijongwe kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukupheka ama-compotes, jams, jam, marmalade, i-sauces, i-juice, iwayini, i-liqueurs kunye neviniga. I-Gooseberries inomdla kakhulu kwiqondo lokujonga. Iibroji kunye ne-decoction yamagqabi atywala kwisifo sesifo sofuba, izityalo ezixhatshazwayo kunye nezochasayo zezibhanki zancedisa ukukhuza isikhumba. Ngomhudo kunye nesifo sohudo, i-gooseberries ayikwazi ukutshintshwa. Ukukwazi kwakhe ukutshintshela isihlalo, ukuphucula i-metabolism jikelele, ukukhupha inkunkuma kunye nokuphakamisa ithoni engenakho izifaniso. Kunzima ukufumana iindlela ezisebenzayo zokulwa nobunzima obukhulu kunama-gooseberries (e-summer - berries, ebusika - iviniga).

Phuza kwiijikijolo kunye neziqhamo ukuphucula imetabolism

Kususela ngexesha elide, ukuphucula imetabolism, isithelo seviniga yendalo enobusi. Ukulahleka kwesisindo, iipunipoli ezimbini zeviniga kunye nomlinganiselo ofanayo nobusi ohlanjululwe ngeglasi yamanzi afudumele kwaye wayelisela kwisisu esingenalutho. Iviniga efanelekileyo eyenziwa ekhaya yindawo yokugcina iivithamini kunye nezinto ezilandelwayo. Ngako oko kulungile ukuba intshiseko yalo mveliso sele isanda kuzuza. Yenza iviniga ilukhuni. Kuye, kuphela iziqhamo ezihlwaya okanye amajikijolo kunye noshukela oluncinane olufunekayo. Ukukhupha ixesha iiveki ezimbini ekukhanyeni nasezinsukwini ezingama-40 endaweni emnyama. Iviniga iyakwazi ukugqithiswa ngamacube kunye nobusi. Iipesenti ezi-3 zephivini ezenziwe ekhaya azifanelekanga nje ngokuba ziphuza iivithamini nezamandla, kodwa kunye nokuhlamba inyama kunye neentlanzi, kwi-salad yokugqoka, kwaye isetyenziselwa iinjongo zokuzilungisa. Iisethi zezithelo apho iviniga iyenziwa iya kuphelelwa ngaphandle kokukhankanya amaapulo.

IiApile

Ekuqaleni nasekupheleni, iziqhwala kunye neentambo ezincinci - ezi ziqhamo zithandwa ngabo bonke kwaye akukho nto iphikisanayo. Ziyasetyenziselwa ukutya okunomsoco kunye nonyango, zifake ijusi, zenze i-compotes, jam, i-kissels, yenza i-sauces kunye neviniga. Ngenxa yokuphelelwa yintsholongwane, kudliwa iipulos ezigcobayo. Kwinyama yesiqhamo ubamba iinaliti zensimbi okanye izipikili, ezishiywe kwisiqingatha semini, ngoko izinto zetsimbi zisuswe. Ngoku ungadla i-apula. Izitye ezixhasiweyo zisetyenziselwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kuba ngasinye isisombululo samachiza phakathi kwe-acid kunye nesinyithi senziwa ngokukhawuleza nangakumbi.

Ngokungafani nezinye iziqhamo ezininzi, ii-apula zifunwa kakhulu kwiimpawu eziphambili zezolimo kunye nezokwelapha, kodwa kunye nokunciphisa nokufikeleleka. Ama-apula kuma-expanses aseRashiya ahlala eninzi. Ngomnye umnyaka, izivuno zigqithise umthamo wabalingisi, kwaye iipulo ziyabhubha, kodwa inceba. Esi sipho semvelo sifanele sijongwe kwaye sisetyenziswe kwimpilo.

Izityalo zezityalo - iindwendwe zamazwe aseRussia

Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwe-1917 kwiindidi zasebusika ze-Grand Dukes ezivelisa i-orange kunye nemithi yemimon, zakhula iipinapali kunye neentende. Ukukhula kweziqhamo ezitshatyalaliswayo kwi-greenhouse akunzima kakhulu ukuba ubonelele ngokukhanya okwaneleyo, umswakama kunye nobushushu bomoya. Nangona kunjalo, ngolawulo, Amaqhamo kunye neziqhamo ezilondolozo zokugcina izityalo azikho iimpawu ezifanayo kunye nabalingani babo, zikhule kwiimeko zendalo. Agronomists baye bafunda ukuhlenga iintlobo ezinjalo zezityalo ezange zange zinyanzele kwiimeko zethu. Abalimi benza iilwimi ezintsha, kwaye ngokukhawuleza baba yinxalenye yeRussia. Abalimi beefama kunye neelori ziye zakhawuleza zikhule i-strawberries, i-physalis, i-henomel, i-mahonia, i-actinidia, i-schisandra kunye nezinye izityalo kwiindawo zabo, ezingezizo zendalo zemvelo kunye nemozulu. Le nkqubo iya kwindlela eyahlukileyo: eYurophu, ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngokwenene, i-honeysuckle yaseMpuma Ekude isetyenziswa.

IHoneysuckle

I-Honeysuckle, okanye i-Far East cherry, yenye yezo ziqhamo ezingavunywanga ngokunyanisekileyo, kodwa inesihawu, kuba le berry inomdla ococekileyo kunye nephunga elimnandi elikhumbuza i-blueberries. Ukusuka kwi-honeysuckle ufumana umonakalo omangalisayo, i-juice newayini. Amajikijolo anomileyo, kwaye ebusika bayaphula kwaye baphuze njenge-diuretic, anti-inflammatory and multivitamin agent. Ukutsha, amajikijolo akhulileyo asetyenziswa kwizilonda nge-eczema kunye nezinye izilonda zesikhumba. Iziqhumane zentlanga ezingenakuthobeka ziqala iziqhamo zezityalo zaseRashiya. Iziqhamo zivele zikhona ngoMeyi-Juni, ngeveki ezi-1-2 ngaphambi kwee-strawberries.

Iziqhamo zaseMveli zeHholide leNtsha

Ukutshiza i-tangerines, i-tshocolate kunye neerine isers ziqhelekileyo ezivumbayo zoNyaka omtsha. Ngamaxesha aseSoviet, ii-tangerines kunye ne-chocolates zifakwe kwiSipho sonyaka seNtsha. Iziqhamo ebusika ekuthengisweni kwamahhala kwakungeze zenzeke, kwaye iphunga le-tangerine, elixutywe nomoya oqabileyo, lufumene olukhethekileyo, lukhunjulwe ngonaphakade kwiholide. Kodwa imithi enemihlathi eneziqhamo eziqhakazileyo kunye neqabunga elisiqhaqhaqhazelayo lihlobisa iifestile zethu unyaka wonke. Phakathi kwazo-iilum, i-oranges, i-tangerines kunye nezinye izithelo zentrase. Uluhlu aluyi kuzaliswa ngaphandle kwama-kumquats amancinci kunye neelmes eziluhlaza. Ndiyabulela kwisikhulu esikhulu se-vitamin C, bayanconywa ukuba badle ngexesha lokuvuselelwa emva kokugula nokuphucula umzimba. Ukuba udla i-citrus rhoqo, kuya kunciphisa kakhulu izinga le-cholesterol egazini kwaye uhlambulule i-lymph. Ekuphekeni, izithelo zegrrams zisetyenziselwa iigam, iigam, i-marmalades, kunye neesukisi zokutya kwezilwanyana zasemanzini, iintlanzi kunye nezitya zenyama. Ukuba kukho izilwanyana ezibomvu izithelo, khetha i-yellow-green grapefruit okanye i-pomelo.

Izindlela zabantu zokuvuna kunye nokuveliswa kweziqhamo

Ngamhlanje, xa kungekho phantse iphela eYurophu, izixeko zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye ishishini loshishino lwakhiwa, eRussia ngaphezulu kwama-20% emimandla ayinkululeko kwaye iindidi zezityalo zasendle. Kuze kube ngoku, abantu baya ehlathini ukuze bafumane iziqhamo ezifanelekileyo. Ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo ehlobo nasekwindla ookhokho bethu baqokelela kwaye bavuna izipho zendalo, njengamajikijolo, imifuno, amakhowa, iisuthi, imifuno yezityalo kunye neziqhamo. Abantu baseRussia badibana nobusika kunye nezithuba ezinde (iKrisimesi kunye neNkulu). Bayazi indlela yokugcina amajikijolo kunye neziqhamo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ehlobo, ii-apula, iipereya kunye nezinye izithelo ezinkulu kunye neziqhamo zathathwa. Iziqhamo ezitsha zaqhelwa zibe ngamacwecwe amancinci, aphethwe ngamathreyiti aze agqitywe ngelinen elincinci lokukhusela kwizinambuzane kunye nothuli. Kwenzelwe kwiintsuku ezomileyo nezitshisa. Ulungiselelwe kunye nabanye Izibhamo kunye neziqhamo, umzekelo, ii-apricots, iidiliya, i-cherry, i-cherry, iplamu, inja yavuka, njl. Kwimiqulu yabalobi baseRashiya, iifriji kunye ne-liqueurs ezivela kwi-cranberries, iireries, i-currants, i-ash ash. Abafazi bapheka i-jam, i-jelly, i-marmalade, kwaye ayisoloko ishukela, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kubusi, okwakusoloko kuninzi. Kuzo i-gooseberries eziluhlaza ezigqoke iilnuts, zenze umqondiso omangalisayo. I-Gooseberries yayigxininiswe kwi-vodka, yahlala ubusuku kwintlambo kwaye iphekwe ngamaqabunga e-cherry. Kwamanye amalungiselelo amnandi okonkcenkcesha enkulu, kwafunyaniswa iziqhamo ezinqabileyo zelitrus ngeli xesha. Uludwe lwezinto zokupheka zasendulo zesiRashiya ziza kuphelelwa ngaphandle kwexesha lelizwe lokuloba iintlanzi, inyama kunye ne-porridge. Abafundisi bee-Ancestors babengumfundisi omkhulu kwinxalenye yokuqulunqa i-sauces ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezo zi-sauces. Kwabo, ekwindla, ezithile iintlobo zeziqhamo zamanzi kwaye zincinci.

Iziqhamo ezimanzi

Ukuthulula, okanye, njengoko kubizwa nangoku, ukukrola, yenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuvuna izityalo kwiintsuku zakudala. Oku kwenziwa nge-cranberries, ama-cloudberries, i-cranberries, ii-apula, iipereya, i-plums kunye ne-watermelon. Iziqhamo ezingenasiphelo, zifakwe kwiimvumba ze-oki, zihlanjwe ngotshani, zathululela amanzi abilisiwe ngetyuwa kunye nesincinci yeshukela, i-malt okanye i-rye flour kunye neveki igcinwe kwigumbi elifudumele lokuvumba. Ekupheleni kweli xesha, imirhubhe yadluliselwa kwi-cellar ebandayo. Ukunyusa okuqhubekayo kwaphela malunga neenyanga. Emva koko, imveliso yayilungele ukusetshenziswa. Iipulo ezinokutsha zigcinwa kakuhle kuze kube sehlobo. Ziyamnandi kakhulu, nangona kunjalo, kuphela emva kwexesha, izinto ezinzima ezinjenge-Antonovka, i-anis, i-pepin safari kunye nezinye izinto ezifanelekileyo. Iibhokhwe ze-Oak kunye nomsila zicebisa kakhulu iphunga lamanzi. Kodwa ukuba ayifumaneki, ungasebenzisa i-enamel, iglasi okanye izitya ze-ceramic. Ukusuka kwi-cowberry emanzi, iisukisi ezityebileyo zifumaneka kwiinqwelo zenyama ezinamafutha, idada kunye nomdlalo. Amajikijolo ayaxutywa kunye nenani elincinci lomgubo we-rye (ngenxa yobuninzi), ubilise ngamanzi abilayo, ityuwa kunye noshukela zongezwa ukunambitha. Ezi ziqendu ziye zahlala ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokutya kweRussia.

Watermelon

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uqwalasele umnqweno olubandakanya uluhlu lwezityalo? Akukho mbono onobumbano kulo mbandela, kodwa kunoma yiyiphi inqanaba elinguye - iziqhamo, imifuno okanye amajikijolo, i-watermelon ithandwa ngumntu wonke. Bobabini abadala kunye nabantwana bajonge phambili kwixesha le-watermelon. Isiqhamo se-Afrika sele sisisiseko esilungileyo nje kuphela kumzantsi, kodwa nakwiindawo eziphambili zaseRashiya, ekubeni ukuvuthwa ngokupheleleyo kufuneke iimozulu esomileyo neshushu. Kwixesha le-watermelon, abantu abaneengxaki zamathambo, banethuba elihle lokukrazula le ngxaki. Ijusi le-watermelon iqulethe izinto ezikhuthaza ukutshatyalaliswa kwamatye, kwaye iipropati zayo zedayitikizi zikhawuleza ukwanda kwetyuwa. I-acid ye-folic ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-synthesis yeproteins kwaye ikhuthaza ukuhlaziywa kwegazi. Kukho kwimifuno emininzi, kodwa ihlala ichithwa ngexesha lotywala, ngoko ke, ngexesha lekhetheni akubalulekile ukuba uphelelwe ithuba lokuphucula umzimba wakho.

Ubume obunzima baseRashiya unyaka ngamnye usinika izipho ezicebileyo. Zininzi iintlobo zeziqhamo kunye namajikijolo afundiswa kakuhle kwaye asetyenziswe ngokunyanisekileyo ukutya kunye neenjongo zokwelapha, kodwa kukho naleyo esiyilibeleyo, sikhetha iivithamini zokwenziwa kunye ne-export exotics. Oku akunako ukuhlala ngonaphakade. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ngelinye ilanga siya kubuya kwii-currants, ama-raspberries kunye nama-blackberries, ukusela kwi-viburnum kunye nomlotha weentaba, kunye nedada enamafutha iya kudliwa nge-sauce ye-cranberry okanye i-watermelon ezimanzi.