Area, uqoqosho, inkolo, yabemi Afghanistan. Inani, loxinano Afghanistan labantu

Afghanistan mhlawumbi yenye lizwe kakhulu ukhathazekile kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Abemi karhulumente ngamnye abanamava kangangoko naziimbandezelo nayo kule minyaka ingama-40 idluleyo, inani layo. Afghanistan, nangona iminyaka elide yemfazwe, banenkcubeko olwahlukileyo yaye abemi balo kuqhubeka ajonge ithemba ngekamva. Usazise ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe yintoni abemi beli lizwe Asia.

Indawo Geographical kanye ndawo

Phambi kokuba udibana nabantu lukarhulumente, kufuneka ufumanise apho iimeko eendawo ikhona.

Ummandla kummandla Afghanistan i 652,9 eziliwaka macala onke. M. km, nto leyo ke th 41 likhulu ehlabathini. Urhulumente ibekwe kuloo mmandla, nto leyo edla kubangelwa kwi-Central Asia. Eli lizwe akukho eKFC olwandle. Umda esemantla Afghanistan ukunxibelelana Turkmenistan, Tajikistan kunye Uzbekistan esempuma ummelwane wayo China, nakwelasezantsi - Pakistan ne India, kwaye i-West - Iran. Ikomkhulu - Kabul.

Afghanistan has a ntlango ubukhulu becala ezintabeni. sezulu Continental na esihle, nto leyo zibandakanya ntolovelo kuyaphola kunye nehlobo ezishushu.

Imbali emfutshane

Ngoku makhe ngokufutshane ujonge imbali yabantu awayengabemi Afghanistan. Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ummandla Afghanistan mihla yinxalenye emphaya ezahlukeneyo: i Achaemenids, urhulumente Aleksandra Makedonskogo, njl Kutshanje, eli lizwe kuba liziko ubukhosi Kushan, uze Ephtalites (Huns White), abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa lusungulo Pashtuns - yabantu namhlanje Afghanistan .. .

Emva koko, kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-VII kwenkulungwane, yaqala ixesha Islamic kwimbali lizwe, esele ezinxulumene ukudliwa Arabhu. Ngelo xesha kwi kummandla Afghanistan waqalisa ukuba zingene baseTurkey. Kamva, waba embindini enamandla Ghaznavid uBukhosi kunye Ghurid. Kodwa emva kokuba Mongol ukoyisa kwinkulungwane XIII kwi kummandla Afghanistan ixesha elide kwakungekho geqe.

Ukuqalisa ukususela ngenkulungwane XVI, inxalenye yasentshona Afghanistan yaba yinxalenye ye Iran Safavid karhulumente, kunye nenxalenye esempuma, kunye Kabul, yafakwa uBukhosi of the Great Mughals ikomkhulu yayo e-Indiya. Ekugqibeleni, ngo-1747 i-Pashtun Ahmad Shah Durrani waseka urhulumente Afghanistan ezizimeleyo, ezifumene igama Empire Durrani. elikomkhulu karhulumente waba ngowokuqala Kandahar uze emva koko Kabul. Kuba ikwazile ukwandisa igunya layo nje kuphela lonke Afghanistan, kodwa kwicala Iran ne India.

Ukususela 1838 waqala uthotho yeemfazwe Anglo-Afghanistan. Injongo ukuseka Protectorate yaseBritani phezu Afghanistan. iinjongo ezifanayo yaye uBukhosi Russian. Ngexesha umzabalazo phakathi kwamazwe amabini, i-UK wakwazi ukuseka nokuba okwethutyana Protectorate phezu emirate Afghanistan, kodwa emva kokuba yesiThathu Anglo-Afghanistan War, urhulumente Central Asia na uphikelela ukuzimela.

Ukususela ngo-1929, i-Emirate of Afghanistan baqala ukubizwa ngokuba ubukumkani. Kodwa ngo-1973 ukumkani ke ibhangayo mdibi. Ngo-1978 kwakukho ubhedu entsha, ngenxa apho iqela weza namandla wamaKomanisi-oluzimkayo, pro-eSoviet. Ngowe-1979 yena, wacela uncedo wamajoni eSoviet Union ekulweni neentshaba. Ekubeni rhoqo e Afghanistan i imfazwe.

Ngowe-1989, imikhosi yaseSoviet zaye ingakhutshwa kuphela lizwe, kwaye urhulumente wamaKomanisi zawa ngokukhawuleza emva. Safika amandla abachasi bakhe, abo ekhokelwa ngamazwe aseNtshona. Kodwa akazange ayeke imfazwe. Head wamvusa Islamist amabutho Taliban. Ngo-1997, zilawula Kabul kunye enkulu yeli lizwe. Ukuhlaselwa amafu e New York on September 11, 2001 kwaye yayo ukufukama Taliban Busted bin Laden, nomququzeleli walungiselela namkhusane nghena amajoni US namahlakani abo Afghanistan.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba mfelandawonye, Taliban zaye bagxothwa kwimimandla ekwanti kweli lizwe kunye Afghanistan zabamba unyulo lwentando yesininzi, ngokubanzi, imfazwe usaqhubeka.

labantu

Ngoku masifumanise kangakanani yabantu Afghanistan.

Nangona iimeko kunokuba elukhuni abemi kubalo, ngenxa neemeko eziqhubekayo, ixesha esidlulileyo yabanjwa bekungenjalo kwakudala - ngo-2013. Ngokutsho data yayo, inani labemi Afghanistan abantu 31.108.000. Esi salathisi sithatha indawo wamashumi omane ehlabathini. Emva ngo-2009 inani yabemi yaba ku 28.4 yezigidi.

nengxinano yabemi

Ukwazi ummandla weli lizwe, yaye kulula ukubala lexinene yabemi Afghanistan. Ngo-2013 sasifana kubantu 43,5 / macala onke. M. km.

Thelekisa, isalathisi efanayo eRashiya ngabantu 8,56 / macala onke. Km. km.

kuqamba yobuhlanga

Njengoko kakuhle ngezizathu zobuhlanga neelwimi kwaye sisasazeke labantu? Afghanistan - kunokuba kuhluka nkalo, ilizwe apho kumiwa ngabantu ezininzi amaqela eentlanga kunye nobuzwe.

Abantu abaninzi emininzi Afghanistan, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, lo Pashtuns. Eneneni, xa elithi "Afghanistan" lisetyenziswa ngokwengqiqo imxinwa ilizwi, ukuthini nje. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi ezahlukahlukeneyo, inani Pashtuns e Afghanistan kuthetha ukuba 39-42% labantu bebonke. Ukongeza, kukho kukuhlawulwa enkulu olu hlanga ePakistan ne Iran. ulwimi Pashtun lolwazi Pashto - ulwimi karhulumente Afghanistan, nto leyo iba kwiqela eMpuma-Iranian.

yesibini ngobukhulu isizwe Eli lizwe ke Tajiks, okanye farsiwan. isabelo sawo labemi Afghanistan yi 25-30%. ngolwimi lwabo - Dari, naye kokwabo iqela Iranian. Olu lwimi imeko yesibini e Afghanistan, kwakunye njengendlela yonxibelelwano interethnic phakathi kwabantu beentlanga ezahlukeneyo.

Eyesithathu Iqela ebonakalayo labantu e Afghanistan - Uzbeks. Benza up 6-9% yabemi lonke eli lizwe. ulwimi Uzbek, ngokungafaniyo ezimbini ezidlulileyo, woba iqela lohlanga.

Ngaphezu koko, amaqela ebalulekileyo uhlanga e Afghanistan Khazarians, uPavel, aimaq abantu, Turkmenians, Nuristanis, pamiris, Beludzhi, Brahui, gurjar, Kirghizes, Qyzylbashs kunye Afshar.

inkolo

Ebudeni belo ithemba elifanayo labantu Afghanistan? Inkolo ithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kubomi lizwe. Ubomi yonqulo thaca esisebenzayo omnye ukholo - Islam. Le ithi ngaphezu kwama-99% yabemi. Ngoko malunga 80% ukubambelela Cartoon (kukhethwa isikolo hanafit), ne-18% - US. Indima ebalulekileyo Islam kubomi lizwe kucacisa into yokuba kuthiwa ngokusemthethweni Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Ngexesha ebukumkanini Taliban, nkqu ilizwe wahlala phantsi komthetho walo, nto leyo kakhulu yayikukwaphula Declaration of Human Rights kunye nenkululeko.

Kodwa Islam phakathi iicawa imelwe Afghanistan? Inani labantu abathi ukholo lwamaKristu, kweli lizwe abantu-30 000. Iza kakhulu amaProtestanti, abanawe ubumi amazwe. Ukongeza, e Afghanistan, kukho abameli iinkonzo zilandelayo: amaHindu, amaBahá'í, Zoroastrians, namaSikh, kodwa ngokubanzi abantu abambalwa. Afghanistan ngoko - lizwe Islamic.

Uqoqosho isimo

Kakade ke, urhulumente, ibethe eminyaka yimfazwe, akunakuba kuqoqosho olomeleleyo kwaye bezinzile. Okwangoku, eli lizwe ukwakweli kwindawo 219th ngokwemiqathango GDP ngamnye sabantu, leyo yenye nezisweli ehlabathini. Isikakhulu ke ilizwe kwezolimo, uvelisa iinkozo, iziqhamo, uboya njalo njalo. D. Industry waba buthathaka ngokufanelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, akukho iimeko ndingenathemba, kwaye ufuna ngaphandle nabantu ngokwabo. Afghanistan liziko ehlabathini ekuveliseni iziyobisi, kubangela inkxalabo enkulu arhente ezahlukeneyo UN.

ikamva leli lizwe

Ngoko ke, siye wachaza ixesha langoku kwilizwe ezifana Afghanistan. Area, labantu, uqoqosho kunye neminye imiba kwaxoxwa ngathi. Kodwa yintoni eza kwenzeka kurhulumente kwixa elizayo? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kunokuba entsonkothileyo kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Kodwa singatsho kakuhle ukuba ngaphandle kumiwe epheleleyo neemeko Afghanistan kunye nokusekwa kolawulo lukarhulumente ngokupheleleyo phezu nommandla wayo ikamva ezinzileyo kuba ilizwe akunakwenzeka.

Ngethemba, bonke efanayo kwixa elizayo Afghanistan kuya kubakho uxolo.