Okumangalisayo ephendulwa umphunga

Ngubani na ke "intliziyo", onika ubomi indoda-Umatshini yi injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi (ICE). Noko ke, akusoloko.

Ukusuka ezidlulileyo ukuba niyinikele

Phambi kokuba ixesha injini yokutsha zangaphakathi ixesha elide, lembombo inkqubela zeteknoloji yaba injini ngomphunga. Oku kunjalo ezinqabileyo apho fyabo ufunyaniswe yimpumelelo kangangokuba kuqhutyekwa kusetyenziswa namhlanje, nakuba sikho iqela lemisebenzi yokuphucula umgangatho. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umsebenzi kwi isibini ukuba mazingabhidaniswa turbines umphunga kunye neemoto odidi (i kaloliwe efanayo). Zinelungelo umgaqo yokusebenza eyahlukileyo, kunye nokusebenza kuba nanto.

Umphunga samanzi. umtyali-mali

Kukholelwa ukuba okokuqala loo injini iqulunqwe kwaye iphunyezwe kwi Swede yesinyithi P. Laval. Emva ngowe-1889 kwakukho imfuneko yokuba injini olusebenzayo umahluli ubisi, ukukwazi ukwenza isantya ukujikeleza yeenguqu ubuncinane 100 intshizi ngesekondi. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo i-injini leyo kakhulu ilula: asemoyeni obekwe kwi lombhobho ezimanyeneyo likhaba obekwe apho wabetha jet ka esibaselwe umphunga ukusuka phambi ngaphandle kwibhoyila. Amandla ezinokwenzeka kwisibini similise kumandla entshukumo, ebangela lombhobho ku gqiba nge. Laval empirically uzimisele ukuba iziphumo kakuhle afunyenwe ukuba ukuhamba zomphunga uya kusinda ngokusebenzisa amanzi esatsiba cone-ezimilise, kunokuba iityhubhu tye.

Nangona kunjalo, i-injini umphunga eyaziwa eliNgesi C. A. Parsons. Waba ukuba phantse ngaxeshanye kunye Laval, kodwa hayi ngcono kuphela, kodwa ugqibe ezifakelwe wokuphehla umbane (kwase kwenkqubo mihla GD).

Ngowe-1894, wadala inqanawa, eziqhutywa yi-injini esekelwe kwi-injini ngomphunga (isantya esiphezulu of 60 km / h). Lo mbono waba yimpumelelo kangangokuba emva 1900 uninzi iinqanawa bebexhotyiswa injini efanayo.

ixesha lethu

Kakade ke, ekubeni fyabo kunye nemodeli injini yomphunga lokuqala sele zihlaziyiwe, noqhwayelomva uyilo eceleni. inkqubo ephendulwa umphunga Classical lubandakanya amacandelo amabini: a stator esisigxina kunye nemilomo kunye neyunithi plane ejikelezayo (cylinder) kunye iincakuba bahlal izindlu zawo. Kuxhomekeka kwicala sesindululo umphunga ukwahlula iintlobo ezimbini ukwakhiwa plane - iphiramidi ebonisa unxibelelwano yezihlunu. Owayesakuba ezi ntlokoma izisombululo yoqobo: bona sibini andise kumda wesangqa aa Incopho esqwini cylinder, kwaye vanes ke enxuseneyo kuyo. Kwicala yezihlunu ye kwisibini ingqamana axis, kanye ukujikeleza lo eveliswa ngenxa orientation ezizodwa ngamaphiko.

ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo amandla angase sibini ukuba ezikucaphukisa turbines kunye iisilinda ezininzi (multihull). Noko ke, ngenxa yohlobo ngumsina nokuntsonkotha loyilo loo izisombululo asetyenziswa apho ukusetyenziswa kwazo bayagwetyelwa ngokwezoqoqosho. Iisilinda housings inokufunyanwa phezu axis efanayo kwaye zoomatshini ezizimeleyo. Inkqubo zamanzi kunye diaphragms ukunqanda ukusebenza okungaqhelekanga lonke uhlelo (zangaphandle umoya wobhaliso, izidanga ukuba udluliselwe ukuvuza umphunga njalo njalo.).

Ukuphuhliswa kobugcisa turbine umphunga

Kumanqanaba aphantsi umphunga xi kunye injini amandla low ngokwaneleyo classical olusebenzayo. Baye indawo ngomatshini Screw umphunga. Olu phuhliso Russian i ngendaleko ngokwendalo imodeli yokuqala. Ngaphakathi izindlu zilungiswe rotors kunye isithinzi helical. lizele umphunga engenayo isithuba phakathi amazinyo izikrufu elandelayo, kukho ingeniso kunye nezinye zokumisa feed. Ngaphezu koko, inxalenye em- le zomphunga eziveliswe uyandiswa ente usebenze njengokujikeleza plane iqhosha lemenyu. Oku kuyilwa ivumela ukusetyenziswa ngcono zomphunga amandla agciniweyo.