Iimveliso ezivela kumaphepha-mache ziyaziwa ezininzi ukusuka ebuntwaneni. Ngamaxesha amaninzi iintsana ziba zixhoba "zeziqhamo" ezenziwe ngolu hlobo kwaye zicwangciswe ngokucophelela kwiibhases kumagumbi okudlela, iihotele, izindlu zokubhoda. Kungaba nzima kubazali ukucacisela umntwana wabo ukuba le apple enhle iyinqaba kwaye isebenza njengomhlobo wokuhlobisa. Kwaye lo ngumzekelo omnye nje wokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezifikelelekayo.
Indlela yokwenza ipapier-mache ngezandla zakho?
Eli nqaku liqukethe iglue (PVA, unamathisele, iphepha lodonga okanye enye) kunye nephepha (nakanjani na, ukusuka kwiphephandaba ukuya kwindlu yangasese). Kwaye unokwenza i-home-made masterpieces ukusuka kwiphepha-mache ngeendlela ezimbini. Okokuqala kukubandakanya ukufumana ubunzima obufanayo ngokutyhoboza iphepha kunye nokulifaka kwiglue. Okwesibini kukudityaniswa kwemveliso eqhelisiweyo (imizobo, izitya, iikomityi, izitya) kunye nemivimbo yephephandaba (iphepha lodonga, njl. Zomibini iindlela zokuqala neyesibini zibonelela ngeengubo ezalandela emva kwezinto eziphambili. Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-acrylic isetyenziswe, kodwa kunokunye okukhethwa kukho, umzekelo, i-gouache.
Itheknoloji yokwenza umpapa-mache
Indlela yokwenza ubuninzi beglue kunye nephepha, abaninzi bakhumbula ukususela ebuntwaneni (kwezobugcisa baseSoviet, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha, kunye nezikolo eziqhelekileyo zifundisa lo bugcisa). Iphepha (umzekelo, iphephandaba) kufuneka liphulwe zibe ziincinci kwaye zizaliswe ngamanzi. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ubilisiwe isithuba seyure ngokushisa okuphantsi. Ngaphandle koko, shiya ukuvulela iyure nesiqingatha. Emva koko ubunzima buxoxwe ngezandla, uzama ukufikelela ngokulinganayo. Kucebise ukusebenzisa iiglavu zonyango ezenziwe nge-rubber efanelekileyo, kuba iphephandaba kunye ne-glue kuyichaphazela kakhulu ulusu. Umtsalane obangelwayo ucacisiwe. Oku kunokwenziwa ngesandla okanye kusetyenziswa i-strainer. Kwaye i-glue iyakongezwa kancinci kuyo, ithole into ebonakala njengentlama. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubunzima bube bumthobela, kunokuthathwa njengento ekhutshiwe eyenziwe ngokulungelelanisa ipapier-mâché.
Indlela yokufakela isongo okanye ubuhlalu?
Xa ufumene i-material, ungaqala ukudala umkhiqizo olula. Abaqalayo abaqala ukuhlangabezana nale teknoloji bayacetyiswa ukuba baqale ngento elula. Ingaba ngumzobo onobumba owenziwe ngepapier-mâché (ukwenza ibhola ilula), isongo okanye ubuhlalu. Kuzo zonke iimeko, ibhola le-papier-mache yesayizi efunekayo yesilayidi yokuqala. Emva koko, xa inani elaneleyo lenziwe, iifolo zomgca zenziwe ngenaliti kwaye zishiya zome. Inqaku lokugqibela, elona linomdla kakhulu lomhlobiso ngumbala walo. Ubuninzi bungabonakaliswa kumbala owodwa, okanye ngoncedo lwepeyinti efanelekileyo yebrashi kwiintyatyambo, iinkwenkwezi, into emnandi. Yonke into incike kwizakhono kunye nengcamango yombhali. Emva kokuba upende ubomile, zixhomekeke kumgca wokuloba kwaye, ngokuxhomekeka kubude bayo, ubude okanye isongo se-mache bracelet.
Indlela yokwenza iplate?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa wenza izitya, iteknoloji eyahlukeneyo isetyenziswa. Izithako ziya kufuna enye: glue, iphepha (iphephandaba kunye nomhlophe omhlophe, umzekelo, iphepha lokulandelela, ubuninzi obulinganayo) kunye neepende, kodwa kufuneka usebenze ngokuhlukileyo. Ukongezelela, kufuneka kubekho ipakitiyiti yecaramic, yambethe enye, yenziwe kwi-papier-mache efanayo. Njani ukwenza izinto ezinjalo? Kulula kakhulu. Okokuqala, iphephandaba lichithwe ngezikwere ezincinci (2X2 okanye 3X3 cm). Akunconywa ukusebenzisa i-scissors, kuba imida engalingani inikeze umda ongabonakali phakathi kweziqhekeza. Emva koko kuza ngephepha elimhlophe. Kwi-saucer okanye kwezinye izitya uthele i-glue, ukuze kube lula ukuba udibanise iziqwenga. Isitya kufuneka sihlanjululwe ngento eninzi, ukuze kube lula ukwahlula umveliso ogqityiwe kuwo. Kwaye kukhokelela kwinqanaba leepapapasho, udibanise ngamnye kwi-glue. Yenza oku ukuze zilungelelanise kunye, zenze umgangatho ofanayo. Emva kokuba yonke iplati idibene, iphepheni elimhlophe lisetyenziswe ngaphezulu komgaqo ofanayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukutshintshana kweziqendu, zisetyenziselwa ukusuka kwi-8 kuya kwe-10 Emva koko, isitya kufuneka some. Njengomthetho, kuthatha malunga nosuku.
Ngomhlaba owomileyo, ezinye iindawo ezine-4-5 zephepha elimhlophe zixutywe ukwenzela ukuba iphephandaba liqhubeke lingabonakali. Emva komnye umhla, isitya se-ceramic sisusiwe, kwaye umveliso ogqityiweyo uphelelwe phantsi ngaphantsi kweeqela eziliqela zephepha elimhlophe. Emva kweeyure ezingama-24, unokuqala ukupenda, emva koko i-craft ithathwa njengento epheleleyo. Ukuba unqwenela, isitya sinokugqutywa nge-varnish ecacileyo, eya kuyenza ibe namandla, kwaye iphethini iyanqandwa.
Iimaski zenziwe nge-papier-mache
Kukho esinye isikhumbuzo esithandwayo kule ndawo. Iimaski zivame ukuba zenziwe ngamacwecwe ephepha, kodwa unokuzikhupha ngaphandle kobunzima obulungiselelwe ngaphambili. Ukuveliswa kwazo kubhekwe nzima kunokuba kudalwe iintsimbi okanye iiplate. Ngoko, ukuqala umsebenzi ngaphandle kokuba namava akufanelekanga. Ukuba i-mask icwangcisiwe ukuba ichithwe kwi-papier-mache (indlela yokwenza loo nto ngokwayo, ichazwe ngasentla), ngoko, ngaphezu kwayo kunye neepende, akukho nto ifunekayo. Kule meko, kufuneka nje unike ifom efunekayo. Ukwenza oku kube lula, ungasebenzisa i-dummy okanye ufake i-papier-mache ngqo ebusweni bomntu, utywe ngekrimu. Umaski olungiselelwe umisiwe kwaye upende ngepeyinti ye-acrylic kwiintando. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiimingxuma zamehlo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unako ukuwalungisa ngokubethelela ummese emva kokumisa.
Ukuba ucwangcise ukusebenzisa iziqendu zamaphepha, kuyinqweneleka ukuba wenze ngaphambili isiseko, umzekelo kwiplastiki. Kumele ifakwe ngamacwecwe ephepha, njengeplate. Susa isiseko seplastiki ngokubhetele emva kokuba imaski yomile. Ukuwusebenzisa ngenjongo yalo, kwaye kungekhona nje njengesikhumbuzo, izimbobo ezincinci zenziwe kumacala omabini, apho ungayifaka emva kwexesha intsimbi okanye ibhande le-rubber.
Amanani avela kumaphepha ompapa
Iimveliso ezikhumbuzayo zifumaneka rhoqo kwiivenkile ezizodwa. Kodwa ukuba ufuna, izibalo zezilwanyana, iimpawu zentsomi, iimboli, iintyatyambo okanye iziqhamo zingadalwa ngokuzimela. Ukuba ngumbuzo wezinto ezincinane zokukhumbuza, ngoko zihlala zifakwe kwi-mass-glue mass. Kwimeko yezinto ezininzi, ulungiso lwenziwa kuqala, olufakwe phezulu kunye neecwecwe zamaphepha. Okukhethwa ngokukodwa kwieholide zeKrisimesi ziyimpawu zezilwanyana kwizimboli zonyaka ozayo. Yinamba, inyoka okanye ihashe le-papier-mache. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukudala indalo enjalo, udinga zombini italente kunye nezakhono ezithile. Emva koko, ezi zinto azizona iibhola ezilula okanye izitya. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha unomnqweno owodwa ukwanele ukwakha umdlalo (nangona ungafani kakhulu nale nto) isilwanyana uze unike kumntu othandekayo. Ukwenza kube lukhuni ngakumbi kwaye luqinile, ungenza okokuqala ucwangciso lwentambo. Emva koko unamathele ngephepha lephepha bese uyihlobisa.
Ungayigcina njani iimveliso zepapier-mache?
Kuqhelekileyo ukuba iphepha liyimpahla engabonakaliyo. Yonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza ngenyathelo lokunyusa, ingatshintsha iipropati zayo ukusuka kwiqondo eliphezulu okanye eliphantsi kunye nelanga elithe ngqo, litshisa lula. Ukwazi indlela yokwenza ipilisi-mache (ukusuka kwimiqulu yamaphepha okanye ulungiselelwe ukuxutywa ne-mass mass), umntu kufuneka aqonde indlela yokugcina iimveliso ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, i-glue ngokwayo, kunye neepende, kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zamathambo ezisetyenziswe kumsebenzi, zenze zibe namandla ngakumbi. Kodwa, i-papier-mache, njengephepha eliqhelekileyo, liloyiko lokudumba. Ngoko ke, gcina iimveliso kuphela kwindawo eyomileyo. Kule meko, kuyinqweneleka ukungavumeli ukushisa okuphezulu kunye namaqondo aphakamileyo kakhulu kunye nomlilo ovulekileyo kufuphi. Ngokugcinwa kakuhle kweefomfayile, izitya kunye namanye amanani angakholisa umnini iminyaka emininzi.
Indlela yokwenza ukuba izinto zihlale zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala?
Iingcali ezenza iintengiso zithengise uzame ukuzenza zomelele kwaye zichasene nezinto zangaphandle. Ngenxa yale njongo, ifom ye-wire okanye enye into ebunjiweyo iqulunqwe kuqala. Ungongeza kwakhona i-samente encane okanye i-gypsum kwinqununu. Ngenxa yoko, ayiyi kuba yile papier-mache, kodwa kunamandla kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Kodwa kufuneka usebenze naye kwiiglavu.
Ukusetyenziswa kwethekhnoloji yokuvelisa abantwana
Abafundi besikolo kunye nabantwana abadala bayakuthanda ukwenza into ngezandla zabo. Iyakhula ubuchule bokudala kwaye ivelise izakhono zemoto yeminwe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, njengezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zobumba okanye udongwe. Kodwa i-papier-mache ayibi kakhulu. Emva koko, oku kunokwimeko ekhuselekileyo yemvelo (ingakumbi ukuba yenziwa ngesiseko sokunqongophala), apho abantwana banoma yimuphi umdala baya kusebenza ngokuzonwabisa. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ubunzima bobuhle bukulungele umntu othile kubantu abadala. Kodwa unokuyibumba yonke into: ukusuka komncinane ukuya kwabafundi abakhulu.
Iingcebiso ezimbalwa zabaqalayo
Abo bangakaze basebenze kule nkqubo, kodwa bafuna ukuzizama ngokwale nkalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ezinye zezinto ezihamba phambili. Okokuqala, malunga nezinto. Iphepha apho ipapier-mache yenziwe khona ikhona nayiphi na into, kodwa ifuna kakhulu ukuba iyancipha kakuhle. I-Glue isetyenziswe ngokusemgangathweni yemvelo (unamathisela okanye i-PVA), ukuze ubunzima ngokwayo kunye nemveliso evela kuyo ayinobuthi. Ukumboza umkhiqizo ogqityiweyo ngowona uphethiweyo we-acrylic, kuba zizona zihlala zihlala zide. Ukuba ngumbuzo wabantwana bokudala, kungcono ukuthatha i-gouache. Ukuze isalathisi okanye esinye isakhiwo sibe namandla, ifowuni kufuneka isetyenziswe. I-Gouache ebusweni ndiyilungisa nge-varnish.
Kwaye akufanele uphazamise xa okokuqala ungafumani manani anzima. Kungcono ukuqala ngento elula, kwaye ekugqibeleni yonke into iza kuvela kumava: idonsa, izilwanyana kunye namanye amanani.