Zeziphi izinto ezingundoqo lo uqweqwe? Yintoni ngayo kuqweqwe lomhlaba?

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngento na kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, masikhumbule ukuba wavele yinxalenye wonke umhlaba. Yezizathu - ngokuba indoda iye ningekabi nakomelela ukuba zingene nzulu kulo kuqweqwe embindini womhlaba. Nkqu yonke ububanzi uthinte ndandingakwazi kuphela "ukukhetha kwi".

Izazinzulu bacebisa yeengcinga ngokwesiseko imithetho physics, chemistry kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi, yaye ngokuhambelana nezi data, sibe nombono we isakhiwo umhlaba, ngokunjalo ukuba ezinye izinto inkulu noqweqwe. Esimi kweeklasi 6-7 inika abafundi ezi mbono isiqabu ukuze iingqondo olungekagqibeleli le fomu.

Ngenxa ngokomlinganiselo ophantsi data kunye eninzi impahla kwemithetho ezahlukeneyo ngendlela efanayo akhe imodeli iiplanethi wezijikelezi, kunye neenkwenkwezi ukuba kude kuthi. Yintoni eya kulandela kule? Ubukhulu becala ukuba ilungelo eliphelele kuko konke oku kwamathandabuzo.

Esicwangciswe Umhlaba planethi

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba uqweqwe lomhlaba yenziwe lamanqanaba, lonke ilizwe liquka ngeengcamba ezintathu. A uhlobo wobugcisa kutsala zokupheka. Eyokuqala kuzo - undoqo; kuso kukho inxalenye nzima kunye nenxalenye engamanzi. Yeyona intshukumo ulwelo ngumongo, wavele idala Imagnethi yomhlaba. Kukho zharkovato - amaqondo obushushu ufikelela amaxabiso ukuya ku 5000 degrees Celsius.

Owesibini umaleko womhlaba lo yokwaleka. Idibanisa umbilini kunye noqweqwe. Kwakhona ingubo uye maleko eziliqela, ezizezi ezintathu, kwaye ezikufutshane phezulu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, lolu daka na. It sisichazela ngqo kwi umbuzo wokuba yintoni na izinto inkulu noqweqwe, ekubeni ngombandela ukuba ngokuba "edadayo" izinto ezinkulu. Malunga khona kwalo sinokuthetha ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi iqondo eliphezulu lilonke, ekubeni mlilo u evuthayo into eshushu weza umphezulu, elonakalisileyo lonke izityalo kunye nezilwanyana, nto leyo ukwakweli kumathambeka ye-mlilo.

Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, umaleko yesithathu bomhlaba - oku kwesikhoko: a umaleko eziprintiweyo umhlaba, ibekwe ngaphandle "izibilini 'eshushu Umhlaba apho sasidla ukuhamba, ukuhamba uphile ngokubanzi. Ebubanzini kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, xa kuthelekiswa namanye ngeengcamba ezimbini zehlabathi, ayinamsebenzi, kodwa kunjalo linokuchazwa, ukusuka apho izinto ezinkulu kakhulu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, ngokunjalo ukuqonda nokubunjwa kwayo.

Zeziphi Ingaphandle uphawu kuqweqwe lomhlaba. imichiza main Its

Eqweqweni liquka lamanqanaba - kukho abangelwe, igranite ludaka. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba 47% kuthatha oksijini umchiza nokwakhiwa kuqweqwe lomhlaba.

Iziyobisi, ngalinye se, apho igesi ungena unxulumano kwezinye izinto, ivelise uqweqwe esiqinileyo. Ezinye izinto kulo mzekelo - na lesilicon, aluminiyam, intsimbi kunye calcium; ezinye izinto ezikhoyo kwezona zincinane.

Icandelo libe ngamalungu olulingana ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo

Kuye kuthiwe kwesikhoko ukubhitya kakhulu imentile ezisezantsi core. Ukuba ufika umbuzo wokuba yintoni izinto ezinkulu kakhulu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, kodwa ubukhulu isalamane, kunokwenzeka ukuba alabe libe yolwandle nezelizwekazi. Ezi izahlulo ezibini yahluke kakhulu balo babulingana nesandla, yaye ulwandle imalunga ezintathu amaxesha, neendawo, kunye izihlandlo ezilishumi (ukuba sithethe ngayo avareji) yi sokurhuqa ngaphezu nezwe.

Yiyiphi enye into eyahlukileyo phakathi elizwekazi yolwandle uqweqwe Yomhlaba

Ukongeza, iindawo komhlaba kunye neelwandle ziyahluka zikhabane. kwimithombo yolwazi eyahlukeneyo ukubonisa data ezahlukeneyo, esilishumayelayo enye indlela. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuvumelana nezi data, uqweqwe lizwekazi iqulathe ngeengcamba ezintathu, phakathi apho kukho ngomaleko abangelwe, lenyengane ezikroziswayo umaleko yodaka. uqweqwe lizwekazi umhlaba Plain afikelela ne30-50 km ezintabeni, la manani kuthe kwesuka umntu leekhilomitha 70-80. Ngokutsho kumthombo omnye, lo uqweqwe yolwandle iqulathe lamanqanaba ezimbini. ibhola lenyengane uwe, eshiya kuphela ezike abangelwe eliphezulu nengasezantsi. Ububanzi kuqweqwe kwindawo zolwandle ukusuka ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezimalunga ne-5 ukuya kweli-15.

Lula avareji data njengesiseko sokufunda

Le nkcazelo eziqheleke kakhulu lula, kuba iingcali Sihlala sisebenzela isifundo iimpawu zehlabathi, kunye neenkcukacha kutshanje lubonisa ukuba lo uqweqwe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo unalo isakhiwo kakhulu ngakumbi inzima scheme kwesiqhelo umgangatho kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, siya ukufunda esikolweni. Nazi iindawo ezininzi kweli uqweqwe lizwekazi, umzekelo, kukho enye umaleko - diorite.

Kwakhona umdla kukuba ezi Ingaphandle arhabaxa ngokugqibeleleyo, njengoko kuboniswe ngokwalo kwiiatlasi eendawo okanye neminye imithombo. umaleko ngasinye exineke phakathi kwezinye, okanye ixutywe kwamanye candelo. Le modeli ifanelekileyo yesekethe umhlaba banokuba siseko, ngenxa yesizathu esinye, njengoko apho kukho mlilo: apho, ngaphantsi noqweqwe, into usoloko siyahamba kwaye lobushushu eliphezulu kakhulu.

Konke oku ungenza Ungafumana ukuba ubomi babo zenzululwazi yokwakheka komhlaba kunye Geophysics. Ungazama ukulandela inkqubela yenzululwazi ngokusebenzisa kwiijenali zenzululwazi kunye namanqaku. Kodwa ngaphandle impahla ethile ulwazi kunokuba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu, kwaye ke ngoko kukho isizathu esithile, ofundiswa ezikolweni ngaphandle ingcaciso, ukuba lo nguye kuphela imodeli engumzekelo.

Wavele, eqweqweni siquka "izilayi"

Izazinzulu ziye ithiyori abekwa phambili ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, qweqwe lomhlaba alikho monolithic. Ngenxa yoko, nathi sinokufunda ezinye iimpawu eziphambili kolu qweqwe lomhlaba siwa lo mbono. Kuthathwa ukuba lithosfere - amacwecwe ezisixhenxe ezikhulu ezininzi ezincinci babhabha phezu komhlaba daka kancinci. Ezi iintshukumo ukudala uhlobo bafa ngezenzeko ukuba zenzeke kwilizwe lethu ngamandla kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile. Kukho iindawo phakathi amacwecwe lithospheric, ezo zibizwa ngokuba "ummandla zenyikima". Kungenxa kule kwiinkalo nqanaba liphezulu Mzoli, ukuba ndithe ndithi njalo. Ukunyikima kunye neziphumo ngenxa yale - enye imiqondiso zicacileyo esibonisa intshukumo amacwecwe lithospheric.

Effect ukubana amacwecwe lithospheric kwi ukuyilwa isiqabu

Oko, kuzo naziphi na iinkalo inkulu noqweqwe, leyo ezihambayo abazinzileyo ngakumbi yaye mobile ngakumbi kuyo yonke indalo lomhlaba uncedo impembelelo kwimfundo yakhe. Lithosfere isakhiwo neempawu olawulo wenyikima babele yonke lithosfere Square ezinzileyo kunye namabhanti mobile. I yangaphambili luphawulwa moya caba ngaphandle iintlambo omkhulu, iinduli kunye oomahluko efanayo isiqabu. Zibizwa ngokuba amathafa abyssal. Enyanisweni, oku impendulo umbuzo wokuba yintoni na izinto ezinkulu kolu qweqwe lomhlaba koko kwasekwa izinto zemveli oluzinzileyo. kuqweqwe lomhlaba plates lithospheric ezisisiseko onke amazwekazi. Imida ezi Iizilebhu lula babegqalwa imimandla ukuyilwa ezintabeni, kwakunye iqondo amandla neenyikima. Iindawo lixakeke kwihlabathi lethu apho kukho iindima neenyikima kunye mlilo ezininzi ezisebenzayo, Japan na indawo, i-Indonesian Islands, Aleutian Islands, unxweme South American Pacific.

Amazwekazi ngaphezu kokuba ndicinga?

Oko kukuthi, kakhulu nje, yintoni na kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, ngoko ke ze kwezahlulo lithosfere, nto leyo eyabangela ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi yi lolu daka. Yaye kusoloko imida le "iziqwenga 'ungqamane imida amazwekazi. Nngokobuchwepheshe, bona badla akazange efanayo. Ukongeza, sasidla ukuva kwi akhawunti neelwandle malunga nama-70% bobume, kwaye icandelwana nemisinga -%-30 kuphela. Indawo, oko kukuthi, kodwa yiloo nto kuhlekwe - phantsi komhlaba kumazwekazi malunga-40%. Ishumi ekhulwini uqweqwe lizwekazi kuhlawulwa yi elwandle nolwandle amanzi.