IPolyrradi ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Iifom nezakhiwo zobugcisa

Isikhundla saseMzaneni lizwe lemizimba yejometri. Khangela. Kuyo yonke indawo iindawo eziphambili zeeprism. Ngamanye amaxesha iipiramidi ezinamandla zivela phambi kwamehlo. Lapha nakhona iiconiconic Platonov kunye ne-Archimedian bodies zikhangelelana ngcamango. Izakhiwo zokwakha izakhiwo ezininzi zi-polyhedra, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwazo okulula kunye okunzima. Kwaye akusiyo indlela yokuphila namhlanje. Ngoko kwakususela kwixesha elidlulileyo. IJometri kunye neemfuno zabantu ziyalula imithetho yazo ngokuthuthuzela, ubuhle kunye nokuzithetha.

IJometri ekwakhiweni

Inzululwazi nobugcisa sele behamba ngesandla ixesha elide ukuya kwangoku. IJometri kunye nezokwakheka ndawonye zazaliswa, zaphuhliswa zaphuculwa: ezivela kwiindawo zokuhlala ezilula kunye nemithetho engafihliweyo kwimigaqo equlunqwe kakuhle kunye nemithetho ecacileyo. Amandla, ubuhle kunye nokuvumelana kwezakhiwo ngamaxesha onke anikwe ijometri. Kwizakhiwo zedolophu, imithetho yayo yadibaniswa kunye neemfuno kunye nokucinga komntu.

Izakhiwo ezixhasiweyo zizinzile kwaye zininzi, ngoko kukho ezinye zazo ezitratweni kunabanye. Iipramidi zingaphantsi kwazo ngokuqhelekileyo, kodwa zikhangeleka kakhulu. Zakhelwe kwiimeko ezizodwa. Izidumbu zePlato kunye ne-Archimedean abantu bahlaziya iifom zokwakha eziqhelekileyo. Ukuyila izakhiwo ezithatha ifom ye-polyhedra - kwiimeko ezininzi, umsebenzi onzima. Kodwa ubugcisa bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngoko ke, abaqulunqi benza imizamo eninzi yokujongana nayo. Kwaye ngenxa yoko, yakha i-worldpieces. Ngoko, makhe sihlalutye imeko nganye kwimizekelo eyahlukileyo.

Prism ngqo

Iiprama ezizodwa ziyi-polyhedra eqhelekileyo kwizakhiwo zaliphi na isixeko. Ezi ncinane "Khrushchev", izakhiwo ezininzi, kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu. Umzekelo oqhelekileyo we-prism ngokuthe ngqo unokuba yi-tower ye-hexagonal tower yasePirelli, eyakhiwa eMilan ngo-1960. I-skyscraper yayimangalisa ngaloo maxesha ngokuphakama kwamamitha ayi-127. Kwaye inokubamba iiphantsi ezingama-32. I-giant ekhonjiweyo yasekhonkritha yayidlula i-cathedral yaseMilan, eyayithweswe isithsaba seMadonna, esabangela ukucaphuka okukhulu koluntu. Emva koko, isakhiwo sasiphezu kwendlu. Ukunciphisa ukunganeliseki okwakucwangciswe i-PL yeNerva kunye neJon Ponti kwakufuneka afake ikopi yakhe eluphahleni lwendalo yakhe.

Inqaba yakhiwa ngumyalelo weenkampani ezidumileyo "iPirelli", ukuvelisa amathayi eemoto, kwindawo apho isityalo sawo sasikhona khona. Isakhiwo esinqununu kunye ne-facade ye-aluminium kunye neglasi yaba ngumqondiso wokuhlaziywa koqoqosho lwase-Italy emva kwemfazwe kwaye yanikezelwa ngesihloko sekhishini eliphezulu kwihlabathi.

I-prism engenayo

EMadrid kukho enye into engabonakaliyo yokwakha. Iindonga "Gateway ukuya eYurophu", ezibunjwa njengeeprisms ezityebileyo, zihlanganisene nabo bangabhenkethi abangaphantsi kunezakhiwo zasePirelli. Izakhiwo zemihlaba ezili-114 iimitha eziphakamileyo zenyuka komnye nomnye kwi-angle ye-15 °.

Yile nxalenye yokwakha efunekayo negama labo. Iinjineli zaseMerika kunye nabaqulunqi i-F. Johnson kunye noJer. Berdzhi baqhekeza ukutshatyalaliswa kwezinto eziqhelekileyo zokubonakala kwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, kwaye iindonga ze "Gateway ukuya eYurophu" zaziyizona ziqhwala ezibonakalayo ezisezantsi zeDonald kunye nenye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu kwiMadrid.

I Pyramid eyiyo

Izakhiwo zePrism zimelelwa ngezinto ezizakhiweyo ngendlela yeepramramdi eziqhelekileyo, nangona kungengabininzi, kodwa ekuthandeni. Ukuba umcwangcisi uceba ukwenza isakhiwo sale fomu, ngokuqinisekileyo iya kuba yinyani. Mhlawumbi yonke imilingo yamapiramidi aseYiputa, awakhiwe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-4 eyadlulayo ukungcwaba kwamaharahara? Ngubani owaziyo, nangona kunjalo, i "Palace of Peace and Harmony" e-Astana, inkulu-dolophu yaseRiphabliki yaseKazakhstan, ngumzekelo obalaseleyo.

Indalo yokwakha i-aluminium, iglasi kunye nentsimbi yenziwe ngokwemiqathango ye "Golden Section Fibonacci". Ifikelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-61.8 kwaye inebubanzi obufanayo besiseko. Ipiramidi iyaziwa ngamaphakhethi ayo, angashukunyanga, kodwa idiagonally ukuya phezulu kwesakhiwo. Ibhotwe likhonza njengendawo yeintlanganiso zeenkokeli zehlabathi kwaye ithathwa njengeliso lobuhlobo phakathi kweenkolelo ezahlukeneyo neentlanga. Naliphi na umntu onokumtyelela: uqhelane nenkcubeko yeKazakhstan kunye nehlabathi lonke.

Ipiramidi

Izakhiwo zokwakha zingathabatha ifom yeidramid eziqhelekileyo, kodwa zibuye zithathwe. Izakhiwo zibukeka zikhulu kakhulu kwiindleko zazo ezibonakala ziqingqiwe. I- pyramid yaseKukulkan, eyakhiwa ngamaNdiya aseMaya kwisixeko samandulo saseChichen Itza eMexico. Ukuphakama kwalo kufinyelela kumitha engama-30, kwaye ububanzi - 55. Iqukethe iibhloko ezi-9 zecala, kwaye phezulu kwayo kukho itempile. Amanqanaba amane aholele kuyo: enye ukusuka kwicala ngalinye lehlabathi. Ngeentsuku zentwasahlobo kunye neyekwindla equinox , imbonakalo eyimfihlakalo engabonakaliyo ibonakala kwipiramidi: ubuThixo benziwa kwimisebe yelanga, i-Serpent eneentloko, ngokuhlonipha apho ipiramidi yayakhiwe khona, i-slides kunye namanyathelo ayo. Ngentwasahlobo, iyakhuphuka, kwaye ekwindla.

Olu hlobo lwe-polyhedra ekwakhiweni kwexesha langoku libhekwa njengento engekho. Umzekelo ukwakhiwa kwerediyo yeSlovakia. Iipiramidi eziphambukile. Isakhiwo sibonakala simangalisa kwaye, nangona sisithokotho sangaphandle, sidonsa abavakhenkethi.

I-polyhedron eqhelekileyo

Imizimba yePlato okanye i- polyhedra eqhelekileyo ekwakhiweni kwendlela ecocekileyo nayo inqabile kakhulu. Kwaye le nto i-hexahedra. Ngoko, e-China i-original Cube Tube eyinkqubo ekwakhiwa yakha, into ebalulekileyo yeso sakhiwo sakhiwo ngendlela yecube. Abakhi bee-Sako Architects ofisi bazalise i-facade yakhe ngenani elingaqhelekanga lamafasitela wesikwere ahamba kunye nemimandla. Ngenxa yolu, isakhiwo sibukeka sibangalisa kwaye sibonakala singenakubalwa.

Iprojekthi yasekuqaleni yefomu ye-cubic cubic fomu iCuboidal Intaba yaseHut yacetywa liqela lezakhiwo zeCzech. I-hexahedron enkulu ngokuya kwayo iya kwakhiwa ngamaplanga, kwaye phezulu zifakwe kwi-aluminium. Iipaneli ze-solar phezu kophahla kunye neendonga, inkqubo yokuqokelela kunye nokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi emvula, kunye nabavelisi bamagesi baya kunika ithuba lokuhlala kuyo kungakhathaliseki ukuba ihlabathi elijikelezile. Iqhebhu ifana neqhwa eliqhwala eliwa ezintabeni eziphakamileyo. Esinye seziqwenga zawo sijoliswe esibhakabhakeni, esinye sathi sihambe phantsi kwekhephu. Ukuba le projekthi isetyenziswe, iya kuba yintlungu yangempela.

I-polyhedron eqhelekileyo

Ukudala izinto ezingaqhelekanga, izidumbu ze-archimedean zisetyenzisiweyo (okanye iiprayhedroni eziqhelekileyo ngezinye iindlela). Kwizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo ezi zakhiwo ziba ziimakethe zangempela kubakhenkethi. Nika ingqalelo kwiThala leNcwadi kaZwelonke yaseBelarus. Kwakulungele ukufaneleka kwesimo esinye sezona zakhiwo zangaphambili zehlabathi ngenxa yesimo sayo se-rhombocuboctahedron. Lo mzimba we-archimedean uqukethe izikwere ezili-18 kunye namathathu angama-triangles. Ngenxa yale fomu, ithala leencwadi lidla ngokuthelekiswa nedayimane okanye idayimane. Isakhiwo siba ngakumbi ngokufana nale miba, xa ikhanyisa ukukhanya ebusuku. Iprojekthi ye "idayimane yaseBelarusian" yabonakala kwiminyaka yee-1980 kwaye yada yaba ngumqhubi wokhuphiswano lwe-All-Union. Kodwa kwakunokwenzeka ukuyiqonda kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XXI. Ilayibrari ine-23 phantsi kwaye ifinyelela kubude beemitha ezingama-75. Ukongeza kwi-stock book enkulu kunye namagumbi okufunda, isakhiwo sinombonkqo wokujonga ngokugqithiseleyo kweMinsk, igumbi labantwana kunye nevenkile yokutyela.

I-polyhedron engenanto

Indawo yasezidolophini idinga utshintsho oluqhubekayo, ngoko ukusebenzisa i-polyhedra ekwakhiweni kwezinto zakhiwa ngokukhawuleza. Imfesane yomntu ngokwenene ayinayo imida. Abakhi bezakhiwo abaziqulunqayo baphula indlela yokubukeka kwezakhiwo, basebenzise kwiiprojekthi zabo ngoku azinzi-convex body bodies. Zonke iingongoma zazo zibhekiselele kumacala ahlukeneyo ebusweni obunye, evumela ukuba kufezekiswe umphumo omangalisayo.

Umzekelo oqhelekileyo yiThala leThala leThala leSizwe. Umqambi R. Kulhaas uzame ukwenza isakhiwo sibe yimpumelelo njengokuba kunokwenzeka. Iifom zobunjengezakhiwo ezivuthiweyo zakhiwo zesigidi esishumi elinanye ezenziwe ngeglasi kunye nesinyithi zetsimbi azizange zibhenkce kubo bonke abahlali besixeko, kwaye abaninzi banokubangela ukucaphuka. Ilayibrari yade yafumana isiteketiso: "i-shaft enkulu". Kodwa unamanqaku amaninzi. Ukwakhiwa kweso sakhiwo kudonsa inani elingabonakaliyo leendwendwe, abaninzi baya kuza kubona kwezinye iidolophu nakwamanye amazwe.

Iipolyrradi kunye nezakhiwo zobugcisa

Isitayela ngasinye sakhiwo sinezinto ezikhanyayo. Yaye i-polyhedra igxininisa ngokucacileyo. Iipiramidi ezinkulu zahlula amandla aseYiputa yamandulo. Ngoku izakhiwo ezenziwe ngendlela ye polyhedron ziyaziwa kwihlabathi lonke, ngoko ke isibheno sesitayela sinamandla. Ubume be-prism abakhandi bezobugcisa banobunzima bezinto zanamuhla. Ziquka iingcamango zomhlaba kunye nokusebenza. Thelekisa i-Pirelli inqaba e-Itali kunye neSakhiwo seMetlife eMelika. I-polyhedra echanekileyo kunye neyesiqhelo esakhiweyo kwi-architecture ifana ne-postmodernism, kuba iphikisana nezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo zesixeko.

I-non-convex polyhedra isetyenziselwa ukuhlaziywa kwezinto zokwakha ukudala izifucu kunye neendlela eziwonakalisayo ezizisa ukuxhamla kwiindawo zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Abacwangcisi kunye neenjineli babeka umgca oqhelekileyo, ukuguqula izitayela. Kodwa isikhala sethu sisazaliswa ngamagumbi ejometri angaphendukiyo kwaye angapheliyo, mazibe yimipiramidi okanye iifrime.