U-Alexander Rodchenko: ubomi kunye nomsebenzi

UAlexandro Michailovich Rodchenko, umakhi onokwakha kunye nomqambi, wachitha ubomi bakhe bonke abantu abadala ekudleni. Akazange ahlale efumana ukuqonda evela kurhulumente, kwaye ke umsebenzi wawunzima, kunye nomphefumlo. Ngokukodwa oku kubonisa iminyaka yokugqibela yokuphila.

Ubuntwaneni kunye nolutsha

Kwintsapho yeepatriki kunye ne-laundresses ngo-1891, unyana ka-Aleksandriya wazalwa. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinanye emva koko bathuthela eKazan. Kukho ngo-1905 uRudchenko waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. Abazali baphupha ukuba unyana uya kufunda kwaye abe ngugqirha wamazinyo-isigqibo somntu okhuselekile, kunye nentombazana ofuna ukuyivula. Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-20 kuze kube yinto yokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, uye wasebenza eKazan, isikolo sobugcisa, iminyaka emine, apho aya kudibana noVarya Stepanova, oya kuthi abe ngumhlobo kunye nomlingane wobomi. Kodwa ngo-1914 wathatyathwa emkhosini waza wathumela eMoscow eMoscow, apho alawula uqoqosho lwesitimela.

EMoscow

Ukususela ngo-1916, uAlexandro Rodchenko waqalisa ukuqhuba uphando kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso kaVatlin, apho abonisa khona imifanekiso ye-avant-garden. Uyakwazi ukuhambelana ne-avant-garde ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kule mi sebenzi, umntu uza kufumana intsingiselo ecacileyo kwiifomu ezintsha ezakhiweyo, kuba into eyenziwa ngumculi xa edala ukudweba. UAlexandro Rodchenko wacinga ukufuna kwakhe ukudala njengendlela yokuphanda. Emva koko, wabhala iinkqubo apho wabhala khona iinkolelo zakhe. Kwaye kwimizobo eyenziwe ngeefom zejometri, wazama ukubonakalisa ubunzulu bendawo kunye nomlo wezinto.

Umsebenzi wombutho eMoscow

Ngowe-1917, abaculi benza umanyano oqeqeshiweyo. U-Alexander Rodchenko Umntu odibeneyo, uneminyaka engama-26 ubudala, uzele amandla kwaye, ekubeni unobhala wenyunyana, ubamba intlangano yobomi beengcali zamancinci. Ukongezelela, uthabatha inxaxheba kwi-cafe yasePittoresk, kwaye usebenza kwi-People's Commissariat for Education.

Ukudala

Ngowe-1923, incwadi ethi Mayakovsky ethi "Ngale Le" yapapashwa. Kuye, uRodchenko wadala imizekeliso ebalulekileyo. Iiplagiji zeefoto ziquka iifowraits zomdali kunye nomthandi wakhe uLily Brick. Le ncwadi yafunyaniswa ngenyameko ngabahlali. Uyilo luye lwaluqinisa ukunyaniseka kwidrama. Ngokomzekelo, uLunacharsky wayenomdla ngeembongo, kodwa wayengaqinisekanga malunga nokuyila kwayo, umsebenzi kaRodchenko wawunokutsha. Le ncwadi yayikuqhutyelwa komsebenzi wabo wokudibanisa kwi-posters. Ngee-1920s, ulwimi lweposta latshintshile ngokuphawulekayo - lwaba lukhuni kakhulu, i-laconic, inolwazi. Ukusuka eYurophu yaseNtshona, wayehluke kakhulu kwiifom zakhe ezintsha. U-Mayakovsky noRodchenko besetyenzisweni sakha iiposita zezobupolitika ezikhuselekileyo kwisikhokelo sokwakha i-buildtivism kwiminyaka engama-23-25 . Ngeli xesha elifutshane, izibheno ezininzi ziye zadalwa ukuba zibhenele eMosselprom, phakathi kwazo ezona zibetha kakhulu "ziintengo ezithengiweyo" kunye "Akukho ndawo enye ...", kunye ne-Rubinrestrade sausages, ukukhangisa kwe-GUM. Ukongeza kwietekisi ezithintekayo, ziyaziwa ngeendlela ezibonakalayo zempembelelo: imibala elula eyahlukileyo, imibala engaqhelekanga. Kwakhona basebenzise imigca elandeleleneyo, ecacileyo kunye neyeyingqamaniso, ifomathi yobukhulu obuhlukeneyo. Bonke bebonke, akunakwenzeka kodwa baveze ingqalelo kwaye bangaqinisekisi.

Olutsha uhlobo lobugcisa

Ukutyhilwa ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba elilandelayo le talente yalesi sikhundla somntu esingaqhelekanga. U-Alexander Rodchenko wanyanzelwa ukuba enze isithombe sakhe somsebenzi. Into emangalisa kukuba iingcamango zivele zenzeke kwi-1920s. Umbuzo uvela: nini na ukuphumeza ukuphumeza konke? Ngaba wayesebenza iiyure ezingama-24? Ukufumanisa uhlobo olutsha lobugcisa, yena ngokuzikhandla kwakhe wanikela kuye. Wabamba ixesha lokuphila kwimihlaba yonke kwaye wadala ubugcisa. Wadubula abantu kunye nezinto ezivela kumaphuzu angavamile, wathatha ingalo ukusuka kwinqanaba, wathatha imifanekiso esuka ngaphantsi nangaphezulu, kwaye wadala iifraraits. Kwakhona kwakukho ukukhwabanisa, kunye nezitalato zedolophu, kunye nendalo.

Ngee-1930, uRudchenko wamangalelwa ngokuba yintonga ngenxa yokuba wayephengula uvulindlela owayebethela ixilongo. Kodwa waqhubeka esebenza, engahambisani nokufunwa kwamagunya. Icala lapheliswa ngento yokuba ngo-51 waxoshwa kwi-Union of Artists. Kwakuyinto ebumnyama ebomini bakhe kunye nobomi bomfazi wakhe uVarvara Stepanova. Kodwa yonke into yalungiswa emva kokufa kukaStalin, kwaye ngo-54 uRudchenko wabuyiselwa kwiinqanaba zabaculi. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ngo-1956, uRodchenko wafa. Wayeneminyaka engama-64 ubudala.

Kodwa wenza okuninzi kangangokuthi iincwadi zakhe zokugcina zifuna ukuqhubeka zihlolisise kwaye zenze imibukiso yemifanekiso yemisebenzi yakhe, njengoko ibonisa ixesha kwaye ayizange ilahlekelwe ukuvakalisa ubuciko.