Inkqubo yokujonga iliso kubantu

Ubume beso luntu lucacile. Ububanzi bomyinge bombutho wombono malunga neentimitha ezimbini nesigamu.

I-Anatomy yesiso lomntu

Ngaphandle, ilungu lombono lijikelezwe ngamagobolondo amathathu.

Eyokuqala, eqinile kwaye eqinile (yangaphandle) ibizwa ngokuba yi-sclera (okanye i-protein coat). Ikhusela umonakalo owenziwe ngomonakalo. Indawo yangaphandle ye-sclera ibonakala kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi- cornea (cornea). Kuyo yonke indawo yamehlo i-opaque kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yiprotheni (inemibala emhlophe).

Ku-sclera ukusuka ngaphakathi kwi-choroid. Yakhiwe kwi-plexus edibeneyo yemithambo yegazi edla igazi lemehlo. Le ngqobhoko idlula kwigobolondo lemibala, imbala kubantu abahlukeneyo ngemibala eyahlukileyo kwaye ibe nomda phakathi. Kubizwa ngokuba ngumfundi. Iris inekhono lokuguqula nokutshintsha ububanzi bomfundi. Utshintsho lwenziwa kwinqanaba leengcamango kwaye zidibene nomlinganiselo wokukhanya okungena kwiso. Ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo, umfundi uyancipha ukuya kuma-millimitha amabini, ngokukhanya kancinci kubanzi kwezinye iimeko ukuya kwiimitha eziyi-8.

I-retina (i-membrane ebonakalayo) ikhona kwicala elingaphakathi lomkhumbi. Ihlanganisa yonke i- fundus yeso, ngaphandle kwendawo yangaphandle. I-nertic optic, enika uxhumano lobuchopho ngeso, lingena kwi-retina ngasemva. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimbumba ziqukethe iimbindi ze-nerb, kunye neziphetho zentsholongwane. Ngaloo ndlela, indawo ephezulu yeso ilungu.

Phakathi kwe-cornea kunye ne-iris, kukho igumbi elingaphandle elizaliswe ngamanzi.

Ngaphantsi kwe-learner behind the lens. Imelelwe ngumzimba oqaqambileyo, ojonge njenge-liconvex lens. Umphezulu we-lens unokuba neekrubhula ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwimpembelelo yomsizi owujikeleze kuwo onke macala.

Ngokutshintsha i-index curvature, umfanekiso wezinto ezikude kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kuboniswa ngokucacileyo kumgangatho woluhlu olubuhlungu lwe-retina. Inkqubo echazwe kuthiwa indawo yokuhlala. Iliso lomlenze emva kwe-lens lizaliswe nge-gelatinous liquid liquid. Yenza i- vitreous body.

Inkqubo ye-optical yejiso ifana nesakhiwo esifanayo kwikhamera. Njengenjongo, i-lens ibonakala inxulumene nekamelo langaphakathi kunye nomzimba onobumba, onokwakheka kwepropati.

Umfanekiso uphonsela kwi-surfacefactive surface of the shell shell. Ukukhawuleza kufezwe ngendawo yokuhlala.

Inkqubo ye-optical yeso iquka (njengendlela yekhamera) isalathisi esinako ukutshintsha ububanzi. Umfundi udlala indima yesithintelo.

Ikhono lokuhlala likuvumela ukuba ufumane kwimifanekiso ye-retina ecacileyo yezinto ezikude kumgama ohlukeneyo.

Kwimeko elithulekileyo, inkqubo ye-optical iso iyakwazi ukufumana umfanekiso ocacileyo wezinto ezikude (iinkwenkwezi, umzekelo) ngaphandle komzamo wokuhlala. Ngosizo lomzamo weemisipha, okubangela ukwanda kwesikhumba se-lens kunye nokunciphisa ubude bawo obujoliswe kuyo, ilungu elibonakalayo lisebenzisa ukukhawulela into efunwayo.

Inkqubo ye-optical yeso ijongene neenguqu kunye nobudala. Ngokweminyaka, amandla okuhlala ahla. Umgama omncinci kakhulu apho inkqubo ye-optical yeso iyakwazi ukubonelela imifanekiso ehlukileyo ukusuka kwishumi (ngaphantsi kweminyaka engamashumi amabini) ukuya kumashumi amabini anesibini (ukuya kwiminyaka engamashumi amane). Ukuguga, umgama omncinci ukwandisa ukuya kumashumi amathathu okanye ngaphezulu kwamentimitha-ubude obude obude bukhula.

I-optical system yeli liqule inqaku elidlulayo apho imilayezo ayifumani. Le ngongoma itholakala ngaphakathi kwilenki, kufuphi nelokugqibela kwendiza.