Umjikelo wobomi Software: ingqiqo, imigangatho, iinkqubo,

uphuhliso Software kunokwenzeka ngaphandle ekuqondeni ekuthiwa umjikelo wobomi software hayi. umsebenzisi Ordinary ngayo, yaye akuyomfuneko ukuba uyazi, kodwa kungakuhle ukufunda imigangatho esisiseko (emva koku iza uxelelwe ukuba kutheni oku kuyimfuneko).

Umjikelo wobomi Software: yintoni na ngengqiqo olusesikweni?

Phantsi ubomi-cycle nayiphi na imveliso software iqondwa njengokuba ixesha ikhona, ukuqalela kwisigaba yophuhliso naphambi ngokukhatywa ngokupheleleyo ukusetyenziswa wentsimi ekhethiweyo isicelo de nokurhoxa ngokupheleleyo isicelo ukusetyenziswa.

Ngamafutshane, iinkqubo ingcaciso ngohlobo lweenkqubo, iinkcukacha, okanye "lweenkqubo yokusebenza" zifunwa kuphela kwimeko ukufaneleka data kunye namathuba oqeqesho ngabo.

Kukholelwa ukuba kwenkcazo lomjikelo wobomi nangayiphi na indlela awusebenzi ukuvavanya izicelo, ezifana iinguqulelo beta, ezo zezona ezingazinzanga emsebenzini. Umjikelo wobomi software efanayo kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, phakathi nguwuphi lweendima eziphambili eyadlalwa eliphakathi apho le nkqubo iya kusetyenziswa. Noko ke, ungakhetha kunye nemiqathango jikelele ezisetyenziswa kwenkcazo ingqiqo umjikelo wobomi.

iimfuno zokuqala

Njengoko kukholelwa ngokuqhelekileyo, wasebenzisa inani iimeko malunga nophuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa nayiphi na imveliso software, ezizezi:

• ekuqulunqeni le ngxaki;
• uhlahlelo iimfuno efanayo kwinkqubo elizayo;
• design;
• zokuhlela;
• ukhowudo ukuhlanganiswa;
• uvavanyo;
• lwenye;
• umiliselo kunye nolondolozo software.

Uphuhliso Software senziwa onke amanyathelo ngasentla, kwaye akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ubuncinane omnye kubo. Kodwa ukulawula iinkqubo ezinjalo abangazukumisa imigangatho ethile.

imigangatho Inkqubo umjikelo wobomi software

Phakathi kweenkqubo kusengaphambili iimeko neemfuno zeenkqubo enjalo ngoku ebizwa ezintathu kuphela ezona ziphambili:

• GOST 34.601-90;
• ISO / IEC 12207: 2008;
• Oracle CDM.

Kuba standard yesibini ngamazwe lilingana Russian. Le GOST R ISO / IEC 12207-2010, unoxanduva kwinkqubo kunye software lobunjineli. Kodwa ke umjikelo wobomi software, echazwe kwimimiselo zombini, efanayo ngoqobo. Isizathu elula ngokwaneleyo.

Iintlobo lwesoftwe kunye nohlaziyo

Iinkqubo zolwazi mini abanjalo ukuba ukuseka isicelo amagama aqhelekileyo.

Umzekelo, kukho iinkqubo nkqubo kunye eziluncedo, izixhobo zosasazo, abaqhubi isixhobo, izicelo ofisi njalo njalo. D. Kuba naluphi na uhlobo software kuqinisekisa ubukho izigaba zomjikelo wobomi.

ukwandiswa yaso yindlela ezisetyenziswa ngokuxhaphakileyo yokubuyekeza (ukuba bobabini ezisebenzayo iinkqubo kunye namaqonga kunye software isicelo). Mhlawumbi musa kufuneka achaze ukuba nawuphi na umsebenzisi inkqubo yekhompyutha ezisekwe updates Windows wadlula kwinqanaba le nkqubo okanye amacandelo afana Framework Microsoft .NET okanye yenyani umatshini Java.

isigaba design

Ngoku amagama ambalwa ngqo malunga izigaba zophuhliso. Mpilo ekuqaleni kuquka ucwangciso projekthi, uhlalutyo nkqubo kunye neemfuno ekujoliswe, kungenzeka uyilo lokuqala okanye oluneenkcukacha, esephepheni nokuvavanywa, kungenzeka software yesicelo iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo, njalo njalo. D.

Iimfaniso yomjikelo wobomi software icebisa ukuba ekuqaleni Ukuseta umsebenzi wokudala software kufuneka libekelwe umda kuphuhliso izicelo generic okanye iimveliso software ukuba asebenzise imvelo sesiqalo ethile.

design

iinkqubo zophuhliso lwenkqubo iilwimi. uyilo Software kwi kwinqanaba lokuqala kungancitshiswa phantsi.

Ngaba le C + / C ++, Java, Ugcino okanye lixesha Pascal efanayo - nto kubaluleke kangaka. Umbuzo ngulo, njani isicelo wadala ngayo zinokuqukwa kwinkqubo yokusebenza kunye kuqhuba kakuhle.

Ngale ndlela, omnye umjikelo wobomi uvavanyo software oko ngexesha lofakelo lokuqala imveliso de ukususwa kwaso ngokupheleleyo ngenxa ukungafani iimfuno zendlela, esingasebenziyo okanye ukungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ekuqaleni.

kwizigaba ezilandelayo

inkxaso engaphezulu ukuchaza umjikelo wobomi software, zehla ukuba ukhowudo ukudala nokufumana ikhowudi isicelo yemvelaphi.

Kwimeko yasimahla (open) ukusasazeka kwe ekuthiwa-sesatifikethi isicelo ngokusekelwe kwi GNU mvume evumela utshintsho software ngokwayo xa isicelo umsebenzisi aqhelekileyo kunye ulwimi lokuprograma ngayo isicelo zadalwa.

Ukuba ikhowudi evaliweyo, ungasebenzisa izixhobo ezifana Disassembler. Kodwa kulo mzekelo, kuphela izakhi ephunyeziweyo iifayile-EXE kungenziwa, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo Awabotshwanga dll amathala linamandla.

Kodwa lo mbono. Ukuziqhelisa, nenqanaba umjikelo wobomi software ziquka uluhlu lwezinto kakhulu. Nkqu Ukulinganisa kakhulu elula iquka uphononongo lwemigangatho kunye nokusungulwa imigqaliselo (iimfuneko ezikwizinga eliphezulu ukuya lwezakhiwo, ukutshatisa ikhowudi ephunyeziweyo, iindlela kunye neendlela verification). Le inkqubo ke umjikelo wobomi software. Kodwa nantsi ke kubalulekile ukuqonda kunye nokulawula ezinye imigaqo nkqubo kunye neenkqubo.

Basics zolawulo

ulawulo mpilo software isekelwe phezu yokubola iinkqubo zibe kumacandelo, anike uluhlu olubanzi ngokwaneleyo izixhobo ukudala kubo.

Kukho nobubi. Ukukhethwa iimodyuli anqongophele ngenxa umphuhlisi lokuqala iqonga ngokusekelwe evela kweenkqubo. Kakade ke, ukuba uthathe ingqalelo kuwe ubunye lokuchwetheza kusetyenziswa izixhobo zophuhliso (iimodyuli ngakumbi ngebhegi), akukho mathandabuzo ngako oko.

Kodwa amanqanaba appointment software ngokuyimfuneko kuquka ukusekwa Izivumelwano lweenkcukacha, imisebenzi, amathala eencwadi ibhanile, nangaphezulu.

iimodyuli babesebenzisa

Kwaye akukho mpilo inkqubo software ziphelele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izixhobo ezithile kakhulu. Phakathi eziphambili zezi zilandelayo:

• OyiNtloko (kwaNdlunkulu) umnqongo uxanduva xa bekusungulwa lwemveliso software;
• Unit Control, unoxanduva ubiza amacandelo eqhotyoshelweyo okanye iilayibrari ikhonkco olutshintshatshintshayo;
• izixhobo ukusebenza kunye lweenkcukacha kweenkonzo kunye nezixhobo ezongezelelweyo.

Ifayile ephunyeziweyo idla, kuba iinkqubo-based Windows inikwa ngohlobo "ekzeshnika". izakhi Control babe configurators ulwandiso (config.sys isicelo kwindlela yokusebenza), ezinye iilayibrari ikhonkco abe ulwandiso dll. Iindlela imisebenzi yolawulo kunye nokusebenza kunye nezicwangciso kwezinye izicelo lingavela ngohlobo iifayile XML.

Ba, ngokuzenzekelayo, kuba uninzi kwaziwe iinkqubo eendaba ziyindlela wokulondoloza iparameters ezisisiseko uqwalaselo. Ukusebenzisa software hlobo, Kakade, oko kakhulu kangako, kodwa ukuqonda imigaqo jikelele umsebenzi kunye nabadlali eendaba efanayo asikwazanga buhlungu. Nantsi nto.

Enyanisweni, into wobomi software babeka kuphela kwinqanaba lobomi ukuphuculwa umdlali okanye ukufakelwa codecs kunye STB. A isandi kunye nevidiyo transcoders kukho iimpawu ezingundoqo nayiphi kumqhubi okanye ividiyo.

Umzekelo ngokusekelwe kucwangciso FL Studio

Ekuqaleni, lo studio sequence virtual FL Studio waye igama elinuka Loops. Umjikelo wobomi software zokuwaguqula zamabanga liphelelwe, kodwa isicelo noko iinguqu nayo inkangeleko yayo ngoku.

Ukuba sithethe ngayo amanqanaba umjikelo wobomi, okokuqala kwi nqanaba ekuyilweni ingxaki owamiselwa ngumba ezininzi:

• ukudalwa kwigubu uhlobo imodyuli koomatshini igubu ezifana Yamaha Rx, kodwa mnye-shot-sample okanye ulandelelwano WAV, abhalwe yaphila studio;
• yingxenye ye Windows yokusebenza inkqubo;
• amathuba projekthi kumazwe WAV, MP3 kunye ne ogg;
• ukuhambisana kweeprojekthi kunye nesicelo olongezelelweyo elinuka Amaculo.

"C" luthetha iilwimi iinkqubo ezithe zasetyenziswa sigaba sophuhliso. Kodwa ke iqonga wakhangela ngokufanelekileyo isintu yaye akazange anikezele umsebenzisi ekupheleni izinga lesandi ezinqwenelekayo.

Kulo mba, ngexesha lovavanyo iphutha isigaba ababhekisi kwakufuneka uhambe ngendlela German Corporation Steinberg kwaye isicelo iimfuno ezisisiseko ngenkxaso ephilileyo umqhubi imo Full engayi. kwizinga Sound yayileliphezulu aze avunyelwe ukuba utshintshe isantya, inowuthi abeke ezongezelelweyo FX ebezingalindelekanga ngexesha lenene.

Ukugqitywa umjikelo wobomi software kucingelwa ukuba imveliso ye nenguqulelo esemthethweni FL Studio, leyo, ngokungafaniyo ookhokho babo, iye ujongano yinxalenye sequence kunye ukukwazi ukulungisa useto kwi virtual channel-64 console ukuxubana ukongeza mda lengoma eziviwayo kunye MIDI-tracks.

Ukukhuthazwa lwenkqubo ayizange iphelele apho. Xa nqanaba ngenkxaso yolawulo lweprojekthi loqhakamshelwano ifomati VST plug-in yaqaliswa (okokuqala, okwesibini, kwaye ngoko ke version wesithathu), xa kuphuhliswa yi Steinberg. Lwaba ukuthetha, naziphi na ii icons virtual exhasa VST-host Unakho ukuqhagamshela kule program.

Ayimangalisi into yokuba kungekudala naliphi umqambi angasebenzisa isivumelwano of "intsimbi" imifuziselo, ezifana iiseti olupheleleyo izandi kanye ethandwayo Korg M1. Okunye - ngaphezulu. Iimodyuli Isicelo ezifana Yama igubu okanye kwiplagi jikelele Kontakt ukuba udlale izandi ngqo kwezixhobo yokwenene, ebhalwe zonke izithunzi kubhekela kwi zazithengwa zobungcali.

Ababhekisi phambili baye bazama ukufikelela kwizinga eliphezulu nokudala inkxaso umqhubi ASIO4ALL, ubuyeleyo ukuba kube cut ngaphezu Mode Full engayi. Ngako oko, bitrate ukwanda. Namhlanje, umgangatho ifayile evakalayo athunyelwa babe 320 kbit / s ngeqondo ezinye 192 kHz. Kwaye esi sandi yobungcali.

Njengoko yoguqulelo ekuqaleni komjikelo baso banokubekwa ngokuba agqitywa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa ingxelo enjalo isizalwane, ngokuba isicelo kuphela igama layo, kwaye bafumana amathuba amatsha.

uphuhliso

Ngawaphi amanqanaba lomjikelo wobomi software, sele kucacile. Kodwa apha kuphuhliso lobugcisa ezinjalo kufuneka kuxoxwe ngokwahlukeneyo.

Akubuzwa ukuba developer software akanamdla ekudaleni imveliso edlulayo, nto leyo ngenkankulu iyafundisa kwimarike iminyaka eliqela. Kwixesha elizayo, wonke umntu ujonge ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide. Oku kungenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa umthetho, phantse bonke ubilisa phantsi ukukhulula updates okanye iinguqulelo ezintsha ze-software.

Nokuba kwimeko Windows, loo iintsingiselo kunokubonwa ngeliso lenyama. Akuthandeki ukuba namhlanje kukho umsebenzisi omnye ubuncinane, esebenzisa iinkqubo ezifana iinguqulelo 3.1, 95, 98, okanye Millennium. Umjikelo wobomi babo luyaphela emva kokukhutshwa version XP. Kodwa nantsi uguqulelo umncedisi kwiteknoloji NT isekelwe nangoku esebenzayo. Nkqu Windows 2000, namhlanje nje efanelekileyo kakhulu, kodwa ke kwezinye iinkalo ufakelo okanye ukuphepha ngokukhawulezisa nokuqhubekayo. Kukwanjalo uya kuba neenkqubo NT 4.0, yaye kuhlenga ezizodwa Windows Server 2012.

Kodwa ke ngokuphathelele kwezi nkqubo nangoku ubanga ukuxhasa kwelona nqanaba liphezulu. Kodwa block ngexesha Vista ahlangabezana ngokucacileyo ngomjikelo kwelanga. Hayi kuphela, kwaba engagqitywanga, ngoko ngxi impazamo ngokwayo, yaye ukusilela kwinkqubo yayo kokuphepha kakhulu kangangokuba sikwazi ndicinga kuphela indlela kunokwenzeka ukuqalisa isisombululo software yangoonomgogwana bezizwe.

Kodwa ukuba sithethe ngento yokuba uphuhliso software ye naluphi na uhlobo (ulawulo okanye isicelo) akakho ndawo, siya kuchaza nje izibakala. Ngapha koko, namhlanje uza hayi iinkqubo kuphela ikhompyutha kunye iifowuni, kwaye apho ubugcisa zidla sebephambili kwicandelo computer. Inkangeleko engenelela iprosesa ngokusekelwe umphakathi ezisibhozo - ayikho mzekelo engcono? Kodwa, hayi zonke laptop kungaba ndoqhayisa nokunjalo "intsimbi".

Eminye imibuzo

Ke ukuba ukuqondwa lomjikelo wobomi software, ukuba bathi yaphela ngaxa lithile ixesha, kusenokuba yinto engaqondakaliyo kakhulu, kuba software usenayo inkxaso developers ukwenza kubo. Kunoko, ukuphela libhekisela izicelo ilifa musa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno iinkqubo zale mihla kwaye ayikwazi ukusebenza kwindawo yazo.

Kodwa kunye phambili zobugcisa, abaninzi kubo kwixa elizayo awukwazi kungagcinwa. Kwaye ngoko ke kuya kufuneka ukuba wenze isigqibo lokuba kukhutshwe uhlaziyo okanye uhlaziyo olupheleleyo yonke ingqiqo, ekuqaleni okulungiswe software. Ngenxa yoko - kunye umjikelo omtsha inguqu kwiimeko sokuqala, bume noluphuhliso, uvavanyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kangangoko kwindawo ethile.

Kodwa technology computer namhlanje ibikhuthaza uphuhliso neenkqubo zolawulo automated (ACS), asetyenziswa mveliso. Nkqu indlela yokusebenza, xa kuthelekiswa ne iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo, wolahlekelwa.

Imvelo efanayo ngokusekelwe Visual Basic kakhulu zithandwa kakhulu-Windows nkqubo. Kwaye malunga software isicelo phantsi Unix-isistimu uthetha nathi sonke. Yintoni ndithi, ukuba phantse bonke yeenethwekhi zonxibelelwano efanayo waseUnited States basebenza kuphela phezu kwabo. Hi ndlela leyi, inkqubo ezifana Linux kunye Android, kakhulu, zaye ekuqaleni wadala kule eqongeni. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi, UNIX amathuba okuninzi ngaphezu koko zonke ezinye izinto ezidibeneyo.

kunokuba nesiphumo

Kuhleli ukongeza ukuba kule meko imigaqo jikelele kunye amanqanaba lomjikelo wobomi software kuphela. Enyanisweni, nkqu umsebenzi wokuqala ungahluka kakhulu. Ngako oko, umahluko inokubonakalisa kwezinye izigaba.

Kodwa ke uphuhliso engundoqo ubugcisa ziziveliso ze-software ngenkxaso yabo okulandelayo kufuneka icace. Elokugqiba, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo nkcukacha ze-software wadala, kunye nokusingqongileyo apho kuyo okuthiwa kufuneka asebenze, kwaye kungenzeka iinkqubo ezinikwa ngumsebenzisi okanye imveliso, kwakunye nokunye okuninzi.

Ukongezelela, maxa wambi imijikelo yobomi kunokuxhomekeka ukungxamiseka kwezixhobo zophuhliso. Ukuba, umzekelo, ulwimi lokuprograma lixesha, akukho abanye abayi kwenza ukuba ukubhala iinkqubo ezisekelwe kuyo, yaye ngakumbi ke - ukwazisa kubo ekuvelisweni kweenkqubo zokulawula ezenzekelayo. Sele kukho kuza kucaca nkqu badwelisi benkqubo, kunye lezentengiso abafuna ukuba usabele ngokukhawuleza kutshintsho kurhwebo lekhompyutha. Kwaye kukho iingcali ehlabathini, akukho kakhulu. Ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kakhulu, ukukwazi ukugcina isandla sakhe phezu ubume yemarike, waba kakhulu ethandwa. Yaye basoloko njalo-ebizwa ngokuba "Iikhadinali ezingwevu", apho kuxhomekeke ukuphumelela okanye ngokoyiswa iimveliso software ethile kwinkalo ye-IT.

Masithi azisoloko ukuqonda kakuhle eli lwenkqubo, kodwa ngokucacileyo bakwazi ukumisela umfuziselo lomjikelo wobomi software kunye nobude bexesha isicelo sabo, ezisekelwe phezu iintsingiselo zehlabathi kule ndawo. ulawulo olusebenzayo bomi kusinika a iziphumo ezibambekayo ngakumbi. Ewe, ubuncinane PR-technology, intengiso, njalo-njalo. D. Ingaba nayiphi na isicelo umsebenzisi ayikho imfuneko yoko, kodwa ngokuxhomekeka ukuba iyasebenza iqhayiya umsebenzisi ukufakwa kuyo. Kuye, ngoko ukuthetha, inqanaba ienjini (isenjalo kwanga sisakhiwo 25 xa ulwazi lufakwa engqondweni lomsebenzisi, kungakhathaliseki ngokwakhe).

Kakade ke, iteknoloji enjalo ehlabathini abavumelekanga, kodwa uninzi lwethu lalingazi ukuba zisengasetyenziswa ukuphembelela ienjini ngendlela ethile. Leyo "zombi" amajelo iindaba okanye iziza intanethi, singasathethi ukusetyenziswa izixhobo ezinamandla ngakumbi, ezifana nokuba sesichengeni infrasound (oku kusetyenziswa kwimveliso opera efanayo), kuphela ukuze umntu ukuze babe nokoyika okanye iimvakalelo ezingafanelekanga.

Ukubuyela kule software, kufanele kongezwe ukuba ezinye iinkqubo kuqaliso usebenzisa isandi, etsala ingqalelo umsebenzisi. Nezifundo kubonisa ukuba izicelo ezinje zenza ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo. Kakade ke, ukwanda kunye umjikelo wobomi software, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni umsebenzi ebizwayo ekuqaleni. Kwaye oku, ngelishwa, isetyenziswa ngababhekisi ezininzi oku kuphakamisa amathandabuzo malunga semthethweni ndlela.

Kodwa hayi kuthi ukuba kugweba. Mhlawumbi kuthetha ocacisa izinto ezinjalo izoyikiso ziya kuphuhliswa kwixa elizayo. Nangona oku kuphela ithiyori, kodwa, ngokutsho kwezinye abahlalutyi kunye neengcali, ukuba izicelo ezisebenzayo ezimbalwa kakhulu. Ukuba sele udale ikopi yeenethwekhi uvaleke lobuchopho bomntu, uthini ke?