Umzimba womntu. Nokwakheka zomzimba licandelo umbono

umzimba wethu esinxibelelana okusingqongileyo izivamvo, okanye analyzers. Ngoncedo lwabo, abantu bayakwazi ukuba "va" ihlabathi ngaphandle, ngokusekelwe kula mava nje kuphela, nje ukuba uhlobo olulodwa reflection - self-ulwazi, ubuchule, ukukwazi kusengaphambili iziganeko, etc ...

Yintoni kohlobo?

Ngokutsho I. P. Pavlovu, analyzer ngamnye (nkqu iqumrhu mbono) - ukuba omnye, njenge "indlela" ezintsonkothileyo. Oku uyakwazi ukubona kuphela kokugquma bume imiqondiso eyiguqula ibe amandla ukubetha, kodwa ukuvelisa uhlalutyo ephakamileyo kwaye ehlaziya.

Yamehlo, kwakunye naziphi na ezinye analyzer luqulathe izahlulo 3 ebalulekile:

- inxalenye neuropathy elinoxanduva kwimbono amandla stimulus lwangaphandle kunye nokusebenza kwalo ube amaza-luvo;

- endleleni apho i mnqweno luvo iya ngqo kwiziko-luvo;

- ekupheleni cortical le analyzer (okanye kwiziko kwebala), ebekwe ngqo ebuchotsheni.

Zonke miyalezo luvo ukusuka analyzer iya ngqo kwinkqubo luvo, apho zonke iinkcukacha kusetyenzwa. Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi zenzo, kwaye kukho imbono - ukukwazi ukuva, yabona, ngaphandle kwebala, njalo-njalo ..

Njengoko lungu oluvo umbono kubaluleke ngakumbi, kuba ngaphandle imifanekiso eqaqambileyo, ubomi iba ekruqulayo yaye ingabangeli. Inika 90% ye ulwazi lokusingqongileyo.

Eye - licandelo emehlweni, nto leyo engekaqondwa kakuhle, kodwa ingcamango kwayo nokwakheka apho. Yiyo ke le into oya kungena kuwo kweli nqaku.

Nokwakheka zomzimba licandelo umbono

Makhe sijonge yonke into ukuze.

Iziko emehlweni na lweliso lakho kunye luvo optic kunye namaqumrhu ezithile ezincedisayo. Yeso ngokumila ungqukuva, ngokokuqhelekileyo esikhulu ubukhulu (ixabiso layo kwi abadala ~ 7.5 neesentimitha cubic). It has izibonda ezimbini: ngaphambili nangesemva. Siqulathe engundoqo apho ukhandwa amaqokobhe amathathu: nqanawa ezinezikhondo kunye vasculature kwiretina (okanye intima). Nguwo lowo kwendlela ezakhiwe ngayo iziko umbono. Ke ukuba inxenye nganye ngokweenkcukacha.

ngeso lenyama ezinezikhondo iso

Iqokobhe olungaphandle ngumongo iqulathe sclera, ikhadi ngasemva, inwebu zamahlathi nokuqina kunye inwebu, transparent amehlo inxenye khaxa lube imithambo yegazi. Le inwebu nama-1 mm ubukhulu kunye malunga-12 mm ubukhulu.

Apha ngezantsi kukho umzobo obonisa imbono yecandelo komzimba. Kukho ngaphezulu ungabona apho kukho enye okanye enye inxalenye lweliso lakho.

choroid

Igama yesibini iqokobhe ngumongo - le choroid. Kubhaliwe ibekwe ngqo ngaphantsi sclera, luzele imithambo yegazi kwaye ziquka iindawo 3: uninzi choroid kunye iris nomzimba ciliary iso.

Le choroid kuyinto inethiwekhi oxineneyo kwemithambo ngemithambo, munye. Phakathi kwabo evakalala kwizicwili ezinezikhondo ukuba zizityebi iiseli ezinkulu ebala.

choroid Front kakuhle emzimbeni womntu ciliary imilo thunzi eqinileyo. Eyenzelwe injongo - yokuhlala iso. Ixhasa umzimba ciliary, ilens libamba ukuzolula. It iqulathe iinxalenye ezimbini: yangaphakathi (ciliary isithsaba) kunye langaphandle (ciliary isangqa).

Ukususela plana pars ukuya ilens 70 yandisa ciliary iinkqubo ubude malunga 2 mm. K-spikes Zinn ifayibha iinyanda (ciliary umbhinqo) eqhotyoshelweyo uzayo lens iliso.

Ciliary band kuba phantse zonke esihlunwini ciliary. Xa esenza izivumelwano, ilens leyo ayinakolulwa kwaye rounded off, emva kwayo uPienaar (kwaye nalo amandla zokunganyangeki) landiswe, kwaye kukho indawo yokuhlala.

Ngenxa yokuba kwiiseli ze yoma ciliary kwezihlunu ebudaleni kwaye endaweni yazo kukho iiseli zomzimba nokuqina, indawo yokuhlala mandundu kwaye kuphuhlisa ezikude. Kulo mzekelo, umzimba ka ezimbi alwa kunye nemisebenzi yayo, xa umntu ezama ukuqwalasela nantoni na ekufutshane.

iris

Iris i imilo disk ngeenxa kunye umngxuma kwiziko - umfundi. Le ibekwe phakathi lens kanye inwebu.

Xa umaleko nemithambo iris kukho izihlunu ezibini. I lokuqala suzhivatel Iifomu (sphincter) of the umfundi; okwesibini, phezu koko, umfundi iyavuleka.

Leyo ke imali-bala lintsundu iris kuxhomekeke umbala kwamehlo akhe. ongakhetha Photo ziqhotyoshelwe apha ngezantsi.

Kombala ngaphantsi kwi iris - lighter umbala yamehlo. Authority of ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yayo efanayo kungakhathaliseki umbala iris.

iliso Grey-eluhlaza kwakhona kuthetha kuphela nje imali encinane-bala lintsundu.

Umbala emnyama yamehlo, isithombe ngasentla, lubonisa ukuba umgangatho-bala lintsundu iris eziphakamileyo.

Internal (photosensitive) iqokobhe

Le retina kunyango ngokupheleleyo ukuya choroid. Kuye kwasekwa ngeenyama ezimbini: yangaphandle (kombala) kunye yangaphakathi (photosensitive).

Le desyatisloynoy shell trehneyronnye bodwa photosensitive fanekisela zephotoreceptor zangaphandle radially Supply Chain associative ganglion eliphakathi kwaye izaleko ngaphakathi.

Ngaphandle eqhotyoshelwe kule choroid umaleko iiseli sakhi epithelial, ezo ngokusondeleyo wadibana umaleko kwizinti kunye cone. Abo kunye nezinye - hayi nje iinkqubo peripheral (okanye Umzobo wesi) of zephotoreceptor iiseli (neuron I).

Iintonga iqanjwa amacandelo ngaphakathi langaphandle. Le yokugqibela abunjwe ngokusebenzisa IiCD inwebu kabini, zona Imihlubulo plasma ndizayo. Cone ahluka yi inani (ukuba ezinkulu) kunye nohlobo drives.

Kwiretina, kukho iintlobo ezintathu cone, yaye omnye kuphela uhlobo yeentsasa. Inani kwizinti besukelana 70 ezigidi, okanye ngaphezulu, lo gama i-cone - kuphela 5-7 million.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, kukho iintlobo ezintathu cone. Ngamnye kubo kuthatha umbala owahlukileyo: oluhlaza, ebomvu okanye emthubi.

Sticks kufuneka ukuqonda inkcazelo malunga imilo into kunye nokukhanya egumbini lakho.

Ngalinye iiseli zephotoreceptor isuka isihlomelo obhityileyo eyenza synapse (apho luqhagamshelwano luvo ezimbini) kunye nomnye luvo nomhlehlo disorder (neuron II). Yakutshanje ayidlulisele excitation iiseli ganglion sele enkulu (neuron III). Axons (iinkqubo) iiseli enza luvo optic.

lens

Le crystal transparent biconvex lens 7-10 mm ubukhulu. It has akukho luvo okanye imithambo yegazi. Phantsi yempembelelo lens ciliary kwezihlunu uyakwazi ukutshintsha imilo yayo. Kuyinto la utshintsho imilo lens kuthiwa yokuhlala iso. Xa ezifakwe umbono lens elikude atshabalalisa, kwaye kufutshane embonweni - ukunyuka.

Kunye vitreous lens yenza iliso eliphakathi ukukhanya-refracting.

umzimba vitreous

Baza bazaliswa bonke isithuba ekhoyo phakathi retina kunye lens. Kuye isakhiwo crystalline ijeli-like.

Ubume umzimba ikhamera efana kumgaqo kwefowuni. Le umfundi udlala indima uvalo, valiweyo okanye ukwandisa ngokuxhomekeke zokukhanya. Njengoko lens - vitreous kanye lens. reyi Ukukhanya kuwa phezu retina, kodwa umfanekiso nedayisi phandle.

media ngenxa photorefractive (ngaloo lens umzimba vitreous) umtha wokukhanya iwela yechaphaza elimthubi kwi retina, okuyinto ndawo umbono ilungileyo. Cone iintonga kukukhanya amaza beluphelela nje emva kokuba kudlule yonke ubukhulu semehlo.

lokukwazi

Phambili nangasemva eye yenza striated 4 izihlunu rectus (ngaphantsi, eliphezulu, osecaleni kunye medial) kunye elibhalwe ngokumileyo ezimbini (ezisezantsi neziphezulu). Rectus izihlunu banoxanduva ithuba lweliso lakho kwicala elifanelekileyo, kunye elibhalwe ngokumileyo - ngokuba sijike esqwini sagittal. Movement zombini amehlo yolunye kuphela kuba izihlunu.

Neenkophe

Ulusu ngomphetho injongo - ukunciphisa fissure palpebral kwaye ukuyivala ngethuba kuvalwe, ukukhusela phambi lweliso lakho. Kuzo zonke yobudala limalunga 75 imivumbo, esinenjongo - ukukhusela yeso adibane izinto kwamanye amazwe.

Malunga kanye kwimizuzwana 5-10 umntu ng.

izixhobo lacrimal

Luquka ezi ingaba lacrimal kunye nenkqubo lacrimal. Iinyembezi Nokwethisa kwaziwe uyakwazi imanzise conjunctiva. Tearless eye conjunctiva kunye inwebu ange nje yomile, yaye umntu abaye eyimfama.

Amadlala lacrimal ukuvelisa imihla malunga nekhulu mililitha iinyembezi. Interesting Eneneni: abasetyhini bakhala rhoqo kunabantu, ngokuba kokukhutshwa ulwelo ukukrazuka ikhuthaza hormone prolactin (apho amantombazana okuninzi).

Ngokomthetho kungachitha ibandakanya amanzi equlathe malunga ne-0.5% albumin, 1.5% sodium chloride, a yencindi encinane kunye lysozyme, nto leyo eye isenzo bactericidal. Kuye yokusabela awana.

Ubume iliso lomntu: scheme

Makhe sihlolisise indlela ezakhiwe licandelo umbono esebenzisa imizobo.

Lo mzobo ubonisa ngokwalo inxalenye ephezulu yomzimba kwimboniselo oxwesileyo yecandelo. here:

1 - imicu rectus eliphakathi imisipha;

2 - yekhamera;

3 - inwebu;

4 - umfundi;

5 - lens;

6 - ikhamera ephambili;

7 - iris;

8 - conjunctiva;

9 - izihlunu imicu ngqo lateral;

10 - vitreous;

11 - i sclera;

12 - choroid;

13 - retina;

14 - yechaphaza elimthubi;

15 - i-luvo optic;

imithambo yegazi retina - 16.

Lo mfanekiso ubonisa isakhiwo oganogram kwiretina. Utolo ibonisa indlela umqadi ukukhanya. Amanani ephawulwe:

1 - sclera;

2 - choroid;

3 - iiseli ulwehlo retina;

4 - izinti;

5 - cone;

6 - iiseli nkqo;

7 - iiseli eguquguqukayo;

8 - iiseli amacrine;

9 - cells ganglion;

10 - ifayibha luvo optic.

Lo mzobo ubonisa umzobo ye-axis enombala iso:

1 - into;

2 - inwebu;

3 - umfundi;

4 - iris;

5 - lens;

6 - endaweni eyodwa;

7 - Image.

Ntoni na umzimba?

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, umbono umntu athumele phantse 90% ulwazi malunga olujongwayo lubonwe. Ngaphandle kwalo, ihlabathi beliya kuba uhlobo olufanayo yaye ingabangeli.

Umbutho umbono entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye kakuhle ngokupheleleyo kohlobo. Nanamhlanje, maxa wambi nezesayensi imibuzo malunga nesakhiwo kunye nenjongo yalo mzimba.

Imisebenzi esemqoka licandelo umbono - Umbono ukukhanya, iintlobo lwehlabathi, izinto isikhundla kwisithuba, njalo-njalo ..

Ukukhanya kunokubangela utshintsho ezintsonkothileyo kwiretina, yaye ngaloo ndlela, sibangela eyaneleyo amalungu lokubona. Ekukholelwa ukuba eku- rhodopsin kuqala baqonda.

Uninzi Ukunakana into ebonwayo qualitative inikwa ukuba umfanekiso into iza kuwa phezu ndawo retina, ekukhethwa kumbindi emngxunyeni wayo. Ziqhubeka ukusuka embindini umfanekiso ezayo into, ngoko ke kahle. Leyo ke amalungu licandelo umbono.

izifo eye

Makhe sijonge ezinye izifo iliso ixhaphakileyo.

1. Hyperopia. Igama yesibini kwesi sifo - hyperopia. Umntu nale nzima sifo ebona izinto basondeleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kunzima ukufunda, ukusebenza kunye izinto ezincinane. Ngokuqhelekileyo ikhula abantu, kodwa kwakhona ivele kubantu abatsha. Ngokupheleleyo kunyanga hyperopia ungasebenzisa kuphela ungenelelo opretsionnogo.
2. Ukubona (ekwabizwa ngokuba ukubona). Isifo luphawulwa nokungakwazi ukubona kakuhle izinto ezikude ngokwaneleyo kude.
3. Neglaucoma - noxinzelelo intraocular. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba ukuphazamiseka ejikeleza fluid emehlweni. Ithathwa ngamayeza, kodwa utyando ukuze kufuneka kwezinye iimeko.
4. Cataract - ukuba omnye, njengoko yaphula elubala lens iliso. Nceda lahla ungakwazi kuphela zamehlo esi sifo. Kufuna uqhaqho, apho umbono umntu kaThixo kubuyiselwe.
5. izifo arhabaxa. Ezi ziquka conjunctivitis, keratitis, blepharitis, kunye nabanye. Ngamnye kubo ngendlela yaso kuyingozi kwaye zonyango ezahlukeneyo: abathile zinokunyangeka amayeza, kwaye ezinye kuphela xa imisebenzi isiqabu.

Prevention izifo

Into yokuqala ukukhumbula ukuba amehlo akho nabo kufuneka uphumle, kwaye umthambo kakhulu ukuba nantoni na elungileyo akusayi kubangela.

Sebenzisa kuphela Izibane ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye ngamandla isibane watts-60 ukuya kwi-100.

Kuqhuba imisebenzi ngakumbi amehlo, kwaye ubuncinane abangalupasanga uviwo yi zamehlo kanye ngonyaka.

Khumbula ukuba imizimba izifo iliso - kukho ingxaki enkulu kumgangatho wobomi bakho.