Inkqubo ngokugqithiseleyo komthetho wamaRoma: ubunjalo nokubaluleka

komthetho wamaRoma waba isiseko apho kwasekwa iinkqubo zomthetho kumazwe amaninzi. imvelaphi yayo, kuthatha isixeko elincinane eRoma, neyathi kamva yaba onamandla futhi omkhulu Roman Empire, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwahlula imigaqo yomthetho yamaRoma kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kwaye ke ilizwe ngalinye, inkqubo yezomthetho kwindawo yaso nganye kwanobo kusetyenziswa obu butyebi, bokuqonda ezininzi, ezizezi izixhobo ingqiqo-categorical, eziphambili kunye nenkqubo yomthetho isekhona. indawo olunzulu yinkqubo ngokugqithiseleyo komthetho wamaRoma njengohlobo lwe nkqubo yoluntu.

ekuxoxweni kwamatyala embambano kwe-Emphaya yamaRoma

inkqubo civil wamaRoma, imbali ukuvela kunye nophuhliso leyo ufumbethe elidumile mgwe- waseRoma, kudlala indima enkulu kakhulu intsingiselo epistemological wayo yonke komthetho wamaRoma. Le miba iphambili yale nkqubo ingahlolwa enkosi codifications amaninzi, phakathi apho ikhowudi yoluntu umthetho loMlawuli Justinian - Corpus Juris civilis. Roman inkqubo civil okanye njengoko ibizwa ngokuba, i inkqubo karhulumente yamaRoma - ke umsebenzi kanye abantu ababandakanyekayo kwimeko, kwaye inkundla ngokwemimiselo jikelele kwemimiselo kunye nemigaqo yomthetho inkqubo yoluntu. Ukubaluleka nkqubo yoluntu ngandlela yayo, oko kukuthi legisaktsionnom, Lokwenziwa obungaqhelekanga.

inkqubo Legisaktsionny yomthetho civil wamaRoma

Olu hlobo nkqubo esidala. Wafumana indawo yakhe emva iMithetho iitafile XII, uze emva koko yaba kuphela kwetyala. Igama le fomu yenkqubo siyakrazula kwiZenzo ukubangaba, bona bubonakala "esemthethweni" - ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo ngenxa umelo. Ngokuhlalutya yonke imbali yoluntu inkqubo, legisaktsionny ngokukhuselekileyo kubizwa kakhulu zingqongqo. Isizathu soku - an ngokusemthethweni indima eliqingqiweyo kakhulu. Ibonisa ngokupheleleyo umzekelo uGayo, ithathwa ukusuka 'Institutes of Justinian ": Ukuba inkomo ebizwa ngokuba inkomo, hayi izilwanyana, ngoko ke akuyi kuba akazanelisanga ibango, ukuze angabi nakwenza athobele umthetho, ojongene kuphela kunye nezilwanyana.

inkqubo Lokwenziwa umthetho wamaRoma

Iimbono ezininzi ogqibeleleyo ngexesha inkqubo inkqubo ngokungaqhelekanga yomthetho wamaRoma, kodwa kwaba sekunjalo linyathelo phambi kwakhe Lokwenziwa. Emva legisaktsionnogo, le fomu uvumele umthetho yonke yoluntu "aphefumle" ukususela ekutshatyalalisweni-sikhokelo esemthethweni, leyo bahlunguzele enkulu kakhulu kuphuhliso komthetho. Akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba kwisigaba entsha ngokupheleleyo eqina-ebizwa ngokuba pretorskoe elungileyo, ukuze lo mthetho ikwazile ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza naluphi na utshintsho kwinkqubo yezomthetho. Le nkqubo iye yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini. iinkqubo zomthetho kwisigaba sokuqala baphela nokudalwa kwifomula-amanqaku ezibhalwe Praetor, esicacisa zonke iinkcukacha ityala yaye iingcebiso ngumgwebi ngalo isigqibo. Isigaba sesibini senzeka sele ngqo phambi kwejaji.

Inkqubo ngokugqithiseleyo komthetho wamaRoma

Ukuphuhliswa komthetho wamaRoma zange ayeke kwaye rhoqo baye batyelela kukhangelwa le fom ye-nkqubo, oko kuya kuba lula ezahlukeneyo ubuninzi kunye ukungafuni. Loo inkqubo sele ordinem engaphezulu, okanye ezingaqhelekanga. Kunye nokuqaliswa imigaqo yale nkqubo, inani unyamalale ijaji labucala, onke amabango ziqwalaselwe umantyi, kunye neefomula kunye izivumelwano ezisemthethweni ziba ubala. Kakuhle eli inkqubo ziyadizwa amathuba akhethekileyo ngokutsha kunye nohlahlelo ityala kuphela inxaxheba ummangali. Ukuze oku kwakufuneka izinto ezifanelekileyo. Lidlala indima ukusilela ukuya enkundleni. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba Ijaji na kubaluleke kangaka nje iifom zangaphambili zenkqubo, kwaye imisebenzi yayo engundoqo yolawulo yaba umngeni enkundleni ngomhla othile. Ukuba akukho ummangalelwa, elo tyala zange yavalwa kwaye zezikhali ngaphandle kwakhe; kodwa ukungaphumeleli lommangali ukuba avele enkundleni kuqulathe ukupheliswa ingqalelo.

Ixabiso yinkqubo engaqhelekanga ukuphuhlisa inkqubo ekunene

Inkqubo ngokungaqhelekanga yomthetho wamaRoma yaba entsha ngokupheleleyo kwisigaba kwinkqubo yophuhliso eRoma yoluntu. Le entsha imbono ngeenkqubo ezakhokelela ezininzi utshintsho kwinkqubo yezomthetho. Le fomu iphawulwa iqondo eliphezulu bhetyebhetye kunye nokufumaneka zonxibelelwano kunye nenkqubo yolawulo. Ngenxa yinkqubo engaqhelekanga le kwinkqubo yomthetho yoluntu wabonakala Institute kwiinkqubo umntu engekho. Lo mba uye engakhange ingqalelo, edlula ezimbini zenkqubo, kwaye isigqibo ukuba ummiselo igunya likarhulumente, sahlulele labucala. Ngelo xesha linye i inkqubo engaqhelekanga ngokwemimiselo ngaphezu Lokwenziwa. Ijaji namagosa enkundla, kunye nokuzaliswa tyala intetho egameni * uKhesare. Eli nqanaba yophuhliso yenkqubo civil wamaRoma kutyhilwa iimpawu eziphambili komthetho wamaRoma kwixesha emva kwexesha. amacala Active ityala kunye nenkqubo karhulumente kakhulu yaba olungephi, kwaye ngegqudu, ngokwemimiselo baqala ukwandisa.

inkqubo postclassical

Ukuwa uBukhosi baseRoma iya kuboniswa kuzo zonke iinkalo kwinkqubo yomthetho. inkqubo Postclassical - into ilungiswe ngenxa yeenguqu imo ifomu ngokungaqhelekanga. Umehluko omkhulu ukusuka classic - isicelo ezibanzi ngokubhaliweyo inkqubo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, a izisombululo ukutshintsha inkqubo ukumangalelana ebalulekileyo. Kwesi sigaba sokugqibela kwinkqubo yasekuhlaleni waseRoma yaye umba ngokukhukhumala, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ijaji siqwalasele ezinye izibakala awungeni ukuba lowo ubandakanyekayo kuyo, kubonisa ngenye indlela.