IChernobyl NPP intlekele-Aprili 26, 1986

April 26, 1986 ... Le mhla uya kukhunjulwa ikwizizukulwana Ukraine, Belarusians kwaye baseRashiya njengoko imini kunye nonyaka, xa kwakukho embi ingozi umntu-yabangela. Xa kwenzeka konke oku, mhlawumbi, nkqu iingcali abanolwazi ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukwazi kakuhle oko sonke elinde kamva.

Disaster April 26, 1986 neziphumo amawaka abantu nezifo enazo amahlathi, yatyhefa amanzi nomhlaba, yemfuza yezityalo nezilwanyana. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwi imephu Ukraine wabonakala ommandla wokuthinta mathathu kilometre-, uhambo oluya kummandla apho kunokwenzeka kuphela a maxwebhu ezikhethekileyo nokugunyazisa.

Eli nqaku lijonge nje ukuqinisekisa ukuba kwakhona khumbuza abafundi ukuba kwenzeke ntoni Aprili 26, 1986, kodwa jonga ngoku, njengoko bathi, evela kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ngoku, kubonakala ngathi, ukuba akukho ezisitheleyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje, zonke ezo ngakumbi yaye ngakumbi abo bazimisele ukuba bahlawule imali eninzi ukuze into ukuya kukhenketho ezi ndawo, yaye abanye abahlali zangaphambili awukafikeleli phezu kwezinye iingingqi ngokufuthi kokubuyela ungumshologu ghost iidolophu.

sisishwankathelo esifutshane sezi ziganeko

Phantse kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo, ezizezi, 26 Apreli 1986, kuba yintoni ngoku kwenzeka Ukraine ngayo le ngozi inkulu yenyukliya ehlabathini, imiphumo leyo uvakalelwa ukuba umhlaba kunye nexesha lethu.

Kwiplanti igunya eChernobyl ladubula a reactor yenyukliya yeyunithi amandla wesine. Umoya betekisi ngexesha elinye isixa esikhulu kwezinto ezibulalayo radioactive.

Ngoku Kuqikelelwa ukuba kuphela kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala, ukuqalela-Aprili 26, 1986, kanye kwisiza abantu 31 babulawa sesichengeni kwemitha. Kamva, 134 bathunyelwa kwikliniki ezikhethekileyo unyango olumandla isifo imitha, yaye 80 ngakumbi iintlungu abafa ukusulelwa eluswini, igazi kunye iphecana zokuphefumla.

Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (1986,-26 Apreli yaye ntsuku zilandelayo), ngaphezulu kunakuqala badinga izandla zokusebenza. Ekuvalweni ingozi abangama ngaphezu kwama-600 amawaka abantu, uninzi lwabo amajoni.

Mhlawumbi ngenxa ingozi ngozi yaba ukukhululwa enkulu kokusingqongileyo kwezinto ezibulalayo radioactive, oko kukuthi izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo neplutoniyam, uranium, ayodini, atom, kwiteksti kunye nothuli radioactive ngokwalo. Imitha plume kuphela azigubungela inxalenye enkulu eSoviet Union, kodwa kwiMpuma Yurophu kunye namazwe Nordic, kodwa uninzi eChernobyl nentlekele -26 Apreli 1986 kuye ngayo i-Belarusian kunye Ukrainian SSR.

Ukuphanda izinto ezibangela le ngozi kuthatha leengcali ngamazwe, kodwa ngoku mntu owaziyo oonobangela okwenyaniso lwesiganeko.

Ummandla lonikezelo

Emva kwengozi, ngeenxa eChernobyl kwafuneka ukuchonga ekuthiwa zone "ufile" km 30. Amakhulu zokuhlala zatshatyalaliswa phantse emhlabeni okanye kungcwatywa phantsi zeetoni komhlaba encediswa koomatshini enzima. Xa siqwalasela kwindawo kwezolimo, kukhuselekile ukuthi Ukraine ngelo xesha elahlekelwe kwezigidi ezihlanu hectares zomhlaba ochumileyo.

-Reactor Amandla wesine phambi kukusilela kwaba phantse 190 iitoni amafutha,-30% yayo kukhupho dubulo kokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, lo gama kwisigaba esebenzayo wahlala izinto ezineeathom ezilinganayo ezahlukeneyo radioactive okongezeleke ukusebenza. Bona, ngokutsho iingcali, kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwama-200 000 macala onke. km umhlaba eziyingqongileyo iyasuleleka radiation. yemisebe ebulalayo isasazeka ngathi zetoti ngokuthe sokuxazulula phezu komhlaba. iindawo Ungcoliseko ngoxa ubukhulu becala kwakuxhomekeke ngakulo umoya. Kakhulu hit aprintiweyo imimandla apho i-26 Apreli 1986 kwaye kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezilandelayo, ukuwisa imvula.

Ngubani na obange ntoni?

Ngo April 1987 e eChernobyl, ukuviwa. Enye izinto eziphambili yengozi enyukliya eChernobyl emkhomba umqondisi, othile B. Bryuhanov ekuqaleni ngoyaba imithetho eziziziqalelo yokhuseleko. Kamva, le ndoda ngabom understated data kwinqanaba radiation, musa ukubeka endaweni icebo ngobungxamo abasebenzi kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni.

ubunyani ukungahoywa ezinzulu imisebenzi yabo esemthethweni kwakhona kwinkqubo zavuleka Aprili 26, 1986 yi kwinjineli oyintloko iChernobyl Fomin kunye namasekela A. wakhe Dyatlov. Bonke bephela, wagwetywa iminyaka eli-10 entolongweni.

Eminye iminyaka emihlanu enamacala intloko kanye shift apho kwenzeka ingozi (B. Rogozhkin), ezintathu - Kovalenko, isekela lakhe, kunye ababini - Yu Laushkin, umhloli karhulumente Gosatomenergonadzor.

Ngophanya nje lweliso, kusenokubonakala ngathi ukuba kakhulu ukhohlakele, kodwa ukuba bonke aba bantu baye ngenyameko kakhulu umsebenzi uhambo oluyingozi ezifana, njengoko iChernobyl intlekele-Aprili 26, 1986 akunakwenzeka ukuba yenzeke.

Isilumkiso kunye baphume abantu

Le khomishini wezazi uthi emva kwengozi, into yokuqala kufuneka ngoko nangoko kuphunywe labemi, kodwa akukho mntu uxanduva lokuthatha izigqibo eziyimfuneko. Ngaba uphambene ubomi, angaba yikho kwi kumashumi okanye amakhulu amaxesha ezincinane.

Ukuziqhelisa, yajika ukuba abantu imini yonke wayengazi nto ngokwenzekayo. April 26, 1986 abo babesebenza sebali, umntu ulungiselela umzi ngenxa ezayo Meyi leeholide, abantwana abancinane ehamba esitratweni, kunye nabafundi, ngokungathi nto ihlileyo, wenze umthambo kwi evulekileyo, babecinga emoyeni.

Umsebenzi phezu ukususwa yabantu yaqala kuphela ebusuku xa isikhulu bayalelwa ukuba balungiselele ngobungxamo. April 27 kwathiwa umyalelo kwi ngobungxamo ngokupheleleyo umzi, ezicwangciselwe 14.00.

Ekubeni Chernobyl intlekele Aprili 26, 1986 leyo, ndayihluthwa ikhaya amawaka Ukraine, ubuyeleyo kwidolophu satellite wayengaphakamanga Pripyat kwi usongo eyoyikekayo phansi izindlu, ashiya iipaka kunye neegadi kunye, izitalato abafileyo eyintlango.

Uvalo izithuko

Xa amarhe yokuqala ngengozi, abanye abantu wagqiba ukuba bemke kweso sixeko kuphela. Sele April 26, 1986, yi kwisiqingatha sesibini sale mini, abafazi abaninzi uvalo ukuyo, zakubona ezandleni kwiintsana, ngokoqobo wabaleka wehla ngendlela kuwo umzi.

Yonke into, kodwa nathi idosi ehlathini, ungcoliso akanasichazi amaxesha amaninzi mkhulu kunabo bonke izalathisi esebenzayo. Indlela ... Ngokutsho amangqina, asphalt ukutyabeka ndabanekelwa ngeenxa neon umthunzi engaqhelekanga, nangona wazama ukuba ugalele ngokugqithiseleyo amanzi agalelwe ongaziwa nje elula isisombululo emhlophe.

Kulilishwa ukuba izigqibo elibi ophule nokufuduswa azisuswanga ngexesha.

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, kwiminyaka nje embalwa kwacaca ukuba iinkonzo imfihlelo eSoviet Union babeyazi loo workpiece iitoni ezintathu inyama kunye neetoni elinesihlanu oyile kwiindawo apho wachukumisa ngqo iChernobyl nentlekele-26 Apreli 1986. Ngaphandle koku, baye bagqiba ekubeni recycle iimveliso radioactive, ukudibanisa amacandelo ecocekileyo noko kuzo. Ngokuhambelana nale sigqibo, oko inyama radioactive kunye namasi zaye razvezeno ematyeni ezininzi ezininzi zeli lizwe.

KGB wayesazi ukuba ukwakhiwa eChernobyl wasebenzisa ziziphene esasiya, yaye eqhelene iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lokungaphumeleli kuyilo esitishini, esiqhumeni isiseko kunye nobukho neentanda ezindongeni ...

Yintoni na, nabukhulu buni na? Iinzame ukuthintela lusizi ngakumbi

Malunga nesiqingatha sesibini ebusuku kwidolophu eChernobyl (1986, Aprili 26) isebe umlilo lasekuhlaleni wafumana ingxelo komlilo. Yabalindi umsebenzi washiya ubizo kwaye phantse nangoko sithumela uphawu umlilo zintsonkothe kakhulu.

Ekufikeni, iqela elilodwa akubona ukuba Uphahla igumbi umatshini kunye iholo enkulu reactor ovuthayo. Hi ndlela leyi, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ziphuma ukuba ngokubeka ukuba guys umlilo yoyikekayo benza kanye kwiholo reactor ahlaselwe kanobom.

6 kuphela nentsimbi kusasa umlilo sasingekacinywa ngokupheleleyo.

Lilonke, izithuthi-14 kunye nabasebenzi 69 zaye inxaxheba. Ukususela ovaroli abantu ukuba enze umsebenzi obalulekileyo ezinjalo, siye saba kuphela ngelaphu iiovaroli,-ntloko neeglavu. Abantu babeka umlilo ngaphandle iimaski, njengoko umsebenzi wabo nje akunakwenzeka kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu.

Sele ngentsimbi yesibini kusasa kwabakho ezachatshazelwa kuqala kwimitha. Abantu baqala ukubuyisa ubuthathaka jikelele, kwakunye ndiyigcinile ebizwa ngokuba "zenyukliya tan." Kuthiwa abanye iiglavu isusiwe yaye isikhumba sakho.

abacimi yokuphelelwa lithemba baye benza konke okusemandleni ukukhusela umlilo ukufumana kwicandelo wesithathu kwixesha elizayo. Abasebenzi benza kwisikhululo enye, zokucima imithombo yendawo kumagumbi ahlukeneyo, kwaye isikhululo uthathe onke amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuthintela hydrogen dubulo. Ezi zenzo wanceda ukuthintela intlekele okukhulu ezenziwe ngumntu.

nemiphumela zebhayoloji lonke uluntu

radiation Ionizing uye iziphumo zomonakalo zebhayoloji zadibana zonke izinto eziphilayo.

Radiative amadlozi kukhokelela ukutshatyalaliswa mbandela eziphilayo, izakhi, izakhiwo ilungu izicwili tshintsha. zokukhanya ikhuthaza uphuhliso iindidi ngeendidi zezifo umhlaza, isifo radiation, ukuphazamiseka umzimba ebalulekileyo, ukutshintsha kunye sokonakalisa DNA kunye neziphumo ukufa.

kwidolophu Ghost ebizwa Pripyat

Iminyaka elandelayo embalwa emva kwentlekele eyenziwe ngumntu idolophu yavusa umdla iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lweengcali. Baya kakhulu eze apha, ezama ukulinganisa nokuhlalutya inqanaba radiation yangasemva indawo ingcolisekile.

Noko ke, kule 90. Pripyat waqalisa ukutsala ingqalelo ngakumbi izazinzulu abanomdla utshintsho lobume kwimeko-bume, kwakunye nemiba yotshintsho ummandla wendalo umzi, usele ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle impembelelo yabantu.

Amaziko amaninzi uphando Ukrainian wenziwe uvavanyo utshintsho enezityalo nezilwanyana.

Khawube Chernobyl zone

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba Khawube ekuthiwa abantu ikhonkco okanye egoso ukungena kulo mmandla imingcele. Chernobyl kwakhona abathandi imidlalo eyingozi zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini, ezahluke imbonakalo yazo, slang ezisetyenzisiweyo, iifoto kunye neengxelo walungisa. Lokuqala - lengubo, owesibini - eceleni.

Uyavuma, ngoku eendaba kunokwenzeka ngokwenene ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nesihloko: "eChernobyl. 1986. Aprili 26 ". Khawube ukwazi ukusuka apho waza wafumana ulwazi lwabo malunga ummandla yemisebe. A indima ebalulekileyo nalo wadlala nemidlalo yekhompyutha. Aba bantu abatsha, ubudala ogama umlinganiselo akufane iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20, kwiimeko ezininzi ukungena kuphela bendawo yokuthinta, kodwa musa anqumle umda ngokwayo eChernobyl. Nantso ke apho adventure iphela.

Udidi lwesibini - a Khawube ezikhethekileyo eceleni. Ziba nzulu, hayi nje kuphela kweli kummandla neekhilomitha-30, kodwa ngekhilomitha-10, yaye wahlala apho iintsuku ezimbalwa. Kunzima ukuchaza ukuba abantu abafana emenza, kodwa kubonakala ukuba indlela yokuthetha. ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga ubungakanani eli qela Khawube, hayi, kodwa uqikelelo elisondeleyo akukho ngaphezulu kwe-20, yaye "umdlalo" iphezulu kakhulu.

abemi Modern of Chernobyl

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo labantu asuswe, nakuba wawuvaliwe nezithintelo, ixesha emva nangoku wabuya. Out abantu ezilikhulu lamawaka ukubuyela ekhaya ngaphandle malunga 1200, kodwa ngowama-2007 kwakukho Tsalela kubo elawo 314. kuphela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abadala, kunye sizathu siphambili nokunciphisa elibukhali ngangenani lazo ithathwa ubudala. Yintoni eyabangela ukuba abantu ukuba babuyele kumakhaya abo iyasuleleka radiation? Izizathu eziphambili zale isigqibo iingxaki zoqoqosho ezinzima kweli lizwe, ukuwa iingeniso zabemi kunye nokungafuni ukuphosa kumakhaya abo.

I ngakumbi bayahlelwa mveliso

Emva kokuba ngozi ngo-Apreli 1986, wonke umsebenzi zenyukliya yamiswa, kodwa ngo-Oktobha, emva kokuba ulwakhiwo sarcophagus kwaye kwenziwa umsebenzi ukucoca ngaphandle, iiyunithi ezimbini zomsebenzi kwakhona, yaye ngoDisemba 1987 yasungula wesithathu.

Ngowe-1995, i-Ukraine, i-European Union kunye amazwe Group asixhenxe basayine imemorandam phantsi apho inkqubo yaqalisa ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo eChernobyl amandla enyukliya ukuba wayefanele ukuba ngonyaka wama-2000. NgoDisemba 2000, ibloko yesithathu eChernobyl ekugqibeleni wayeka.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le sarcophagus babeka phezu zeyunithi station eluvundwini, ebegqwese batshatyalaliswe. EBRD ngo-2004 ngoko kwabanjwa kwethenda ukwakha indawo yokuhlala entsha, waza waphumelela joint venture isisiFrentshi-2007.

Ngo-2015, iChernobyl amandla enyukliya zezityalo ekugqibeleni bayeka emsebenzini wayo.