Inkcubeko World kunye nembali yayo

inkcubeko World, ababekhonza izenzakalo kubomi, kuba enomdla ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi. Le meko ke wabancina yokuhlalisana kunye ubuhle, zakudala, ezizwe kunye nabanye. Okulandelayo, sijonga yintoni inkcubeko yehlabathi.

Overview

Kufuneka uqale kwenkcazo "nenkcubeko" le mbono. Igama elithi neentsingiselo ezininzi kunene. Le editions ezizodwa zobugcisa unokumelana eninzi utoliko kolu luvo. Kubomi yesiqhelo, inkcubeko ukuqonda kwinqanaba amalungelo ukukhathalelwa kunye nemfundo. Nezamkelekileyo, le meko iqhagamshelene ngqo ngemisebenzi emininzi lobuciko kunye zobugcisa nobungcali. Kubomi yoluntu kwakhona ingcaciso efanelekileyo yokuthetha, ezopolitiko, ngokwasengqondweni, umsebenzi inkcubeko.

izinto ezindala

Ngaphambili, inqanaba inkcubeko efanelekileyo ukuhlangabezana yezandla nenzululwazi, kwaye injongo kwakukholelwa ukuvuyisa abantu. History of World Culture uya intliziyo eminyaka. Ingcinga nokumbetha nezobundlobongela kunye nabantu okungenaluzsini isimo sakhe. Emva kwethuba apho naye definition angabathembi. A lweli kwayo, ingakumbi, kwaba Rousseau. Wayekholelwa ukuba inkcubeko yehlabathi ngokubanzi ngumthombo wobubi kunye sikweni kuluntu. Ngokutsho Rousseau, oko umonakalisi zokuziphatha, hayi ukuba abantu abonwabileyo natyebileyo. Ukongeza, wayekholelwa ukuba imikhuba zabantu - sisiphumo kwempumelelo zenkcubeko. Rousseau wacela ukuba siphile ngokuvisisana nendalo, ekufezekisweni akhuliswe labantu esifubeni sakhe. -Bulumko classical German yenkcubeko lehlabathi kubonwa indawo kwenkululeko yokomoya zabantu. Abelusi wabeka phambili ingcamango yokuba lo mkhuba inkqubela yophuhliso ubuchule bengqondo.

ifilosofi Marxist

Ngenkulungwane ye-19 ingcamango "inkcubeko yehlabathi" lalisetyenziswa njenge uphawu loyilo oluntu kunye neziphumo ezintsonkothileyo imisebenzi yayo. Marxism agxininise yeemeko inkcubeko indlela imveliso ethile. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba ebesoloko waba umlinganiswa othile: .. yongxowankulu, likumgangatho ophantsi, njl Marxism wahlola ibonwa: yezopolitiko, abasebenzi, kunye nezinye izityalo.

nokuqonda Nietzsche

Sobulumko, wafuna ukuzisa isithethe ukugxeka isenzeko ukuya kumda. Ke wakunonelela isiko kuphela njengendlela ukucinezelwa kunye kwezithandani yomntu ngokusebenzisa umthetho neminye imiqathango, nezithintelo, imiyalelo. Sekunjalo, iingcali zefilosofi bakholelwa ukuba kuyimfuneko. Wachaza ukuba ngenxa yokuba umntu ngokwawo countercultural, indelelo nezendalo.

theory of Spengler

Wayishiya uluvo lokuba ngembali inkcubeko yehlabathi kudityaniswe inkqubela. Ngokutsho Spengler, yahlulelwe kwii izinto ezininzi ezizodwa ezizimeleyo. Ezi zinto azikho oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwaye ngokwemvelo izigaba ezininzi ezilandelelanayo: kokuhluma, kweentyatyambo baza bafa. Spengler wayekholelwa ukuba akukho inkcubeko yehlabathi enye. Bulumko wakhetha iinkcubeko ezisibhozo zasekuhlaleni: Russian-aseSiberia, Maya, Western eYurophu, baseByzantium, Arab, isiGrike ongumRoma, Chinese, amaNdiya, umYiputa. Babegqalwa njengoko ezikhoyo ngokuzimeleyo ngokwabo.

ukuqonda lwangoku

inkcubeko World - simanga ezahlukeneyo. Kuye kwasekwa phantsi kweemeko ezahlukileyo. Ingcamango yakutshanje ziyenzeka ubuso ezahlukeneyo kakhulu, kuba kuquka iziseko neenkcubeko zehlabathi. Uphuhliso hlanga nganye yahlukile. Inkcubeko yohlanga ibonisa kukodwa isiphelo sayo kunye nendlela zembali, isikhundla sakhe ekuhlaleni. Noko ke, nangona kule yantlukwano, a ingqiqo omnye. Igalelo elikhulu inkcubeko yehlabathi wenze imarike wongxowankulu. Kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela iye kutshatyalaliswa imiqobo yesizwe egqubayo kumaXesha Aphakathi, baguqule umhlaba ube "-indlu enye" ngoluntu. Ebaluleke ngokukodwa inkcubeko yehlabathi yaba ukufunyanwa of America ngu Columbus. Esi siganeko ebexakekile negalelo ekupheliseni bodwa sezizwe kunye namazwe. Kude namasiko iintsebenziswano inkqubo zamakhaya.

Imiba ephambili

Kwinkulungwane XX kwakukho ukukhawulezisa kakhulu yokuhlangabezana kwiinkcubeko kazwelonke nawengingqi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kumiselwa iintsingiselo ezimbini ekuphuhlisweni kwale ezintsonkothileyo. Eyokuqala kwezi kufuneka ozakuthathwa umnqweno ukohluka oluyintsusa, nokulondolozwa "umntu". Oku kakhulu ezicaceleyo iintsomi, iincwadi kunye nolwimi. Lo mkhuba yesibini kuthathwa interpenetration kunye indlela yeenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo. Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa indlela eyiyo zonxibelelwano kunye nonxibelelwano, urhwebo esebenzayo kunye ukutshintshiselana kwezoqoqosho, kwakunye ubukho izakhiwo zolawulo ezixhaphakileyo ukulawula ezi nkqubo. Ngokomzekelo, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, iUNESCO isebenza - umbutho ojongene nemiba benzululwazi, imfundo kunye nenkcubeko. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo yophuhliso ithatha imbono epheleleyo. Ngokusekelwe kwi njini yenkcubeko luvelise impucuko enye iplanethi yethu, enalo inkcubeko yehlabathi jikelele. Le ndoda kule meko umdali wayo. Kwakunye nenkcubeko inegalelo kuphuhliso lwabantu. Kuyo abantu bafumane amava kunye nolwazi ngaphambili.

World Nezinqulo

Le nto ibandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi. Baye kwasekwa ngakwisizwe, ezinxulumene kunye neenkolelo yamandulo amasiko esizwe, ulwimi. Abo okanye ezinye iinkolelo ziye ngaphambili ngokwendawo kumazwe athile. Iziseko ngamasiko zonqulo zehlabathi zihlobene izizwe zesizwe kunye nobuhlanga.

ubuJuda

Le nkolo kumaYuda amandulo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibini bantu kwafikela ePalestina. EbuJudeni - senye yeenkolo ezimbalwa eziye yasinda kwixesha langoku ifomu phantse ingatshintshanga. Le nkolelo kuphawula inguqu ukusuka polytheism ukuya sihamba.

ubuHindu

Olu hlobo lonqulo yenye yeyona ixhaphakileyo. Yavele leminyaka AD yokuqala. Oko kwaba sisiphumo ungquzulwano phakathi Jainism, Buddhism (inkolo entsha) kunye Brahmanism.

Iinkolelo e China Ancient

Olona hlobo ngemihla yamandulo aba unqulo ubuConfucius nobuTao. Ngokumalunga iingxoxo zokuqala unanamhla. Ngaphandle kokuba kukho iimpawu ezininzi ukuvumela ukuqwalasela ubuConfucius unqulo ngu ezininzi akukho owaziwa ngolo hlobo. peculiarity yaso nokungabikho ngokuphathelele ububingeleli kunye ukubulawa nangokwamasiko amagosa karhulumente. ZobuTao ithathwa iintlobo zonqulo zesithethe. Ibonelela ukuba umaleko oluneqela ababingeleli. Isiseko se nenkolo imilingo kunye nezenzo. ZobuTao i kwinqanaba eliphezulu sezingqondweni. Kulo mzekelo, unqulo luye Ndizuze umlinganiswa supranational. Phantsi kwale fomu ezahlukahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo Abameli iilwimi ezahlukeneyo, izizwe. Banakho zombini indawo, inkcubeko kwindawo ekude komnye.

Buddhism

Le Nezinqulo yamandulo ihlabathi yavela ngenkulungwane V. BC. e. Inani esikholwa ezimbalwa amakhulu ezigidi. Ngokweerekhodi yamandulo, njengoko umseki isikhulu ubabalo India USiddhārtha Gautama. Wafumana igama Buddha. Isiseko sale inkolo ekhuthaza iimfundiso yokuziphatha, apho umntu abe egqibeleleyo. Ekuqaleni thetho e Buddhism kubonisa sokubumba elibi kwaye umlinganiswa owalela: musa ukuthatha omnye umntu, ukuba ukubulala, njalo njalo. Kwabo bafuna ukuba nigqibelele, ezi mfuneko elimsulwa.

ubuKristu

Le nkolo ithathwa ukuba yeyona ixhaphakileyo namhlanje. Kukho ngaphezulu kwezigidi-gidi amakholwa. EBhayibhileni njengesiseko esetyenzisiweyo, equka i eNdala kwaneTestamente eNtsha. Amasiko ibalulekileyo Ihlelo ingqalelo umthendeleko nobhaptizo. Le yokugqibela uthathwa uphawu zokususa isono sokuqala woMntu.

Islam

Oku unqulo abantu Arabic-abathetha, uninzi lwabemi Asia kunye naseMntla Afrika. Incwadi ephambili Islam ithathwa ukuba Koran. Le yingqokelela iirekhodi iimfundiso kunye amazwi ngunozala inkolo Muhammad.

Ekuphetheni

Inkolo yenye iintlobo eziphambili kwindlela yokuziphatha. Ngaphakathi kuyo imithetho oyinyaniso, loo mntu kufuneka silandele ubomi bakhe. Kunye nale nkolo ngumba yentlalo elawula intsebenziswano phakathi kwabantu. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ingakumbi wolona enamalungu ukuqonda inkululeko yabo zibhuqe.