Iinkqubo Basic ngengqondo: itafile

Enye yezona ezintsonkothileyo, angafaniyo obubonakala, kwaye mncinane bafunda emzimbeni womntu iinkqubo ngengqondo. Itheyibhile kweli phepha esahlula ngokucacileyo nesenzeko ibakho psyche yethu ngokwamaqela amathathu eziphambili: kwiipropati, ithi kunye neenkqubo. Konke oku kubonisa ezikhona, ingalandwa the Dynamics, oko kukuthi, zonke isenzeko imvelaphi yayo, iphuhlise kwaye iphela nge basabela ethi ilandelwe. inkqubo yokubala ngentloko (theyibhile ibonisa ngokucacileyo oko) yi ngokusondeleyo kakhulu omnye komnye. umsebenzi Mental gqolo aqukuqela ukusuka kwinkqubo enye ukuya kwenye xa umntu iphaphamile.

izimo zengqondo

Iinkqubo ibakho psyche yabantu, ezinokubangelwa kwempembelelo zangaphandle, inkqubo ukubacaphukisa luvo, kwaye bavelise ngqo kwi-bume lwangaphakathi ephilayo, kuxhomekeka kwimeko apho kukulo mzuzu. inkqubo yokubala ngentloko table zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amathathu eziphambili: ngokwasengqondweni, emphefumlweni kunye volitional. Apha iinkcukacha ihlelwa ngezixhobo zazo: ingqiqo kunye koluvo, inkumbulo kunye nabameli, ukuyila kunye nokucinga iinkqubo yokuqonda kunye namava esebenzayo neyokwenziwa - ukuya iimvakalelo. inkqubo yokubala ngentloko Volitional itafile utyhila indlela ukukwazi izigqibo, kubulawa kunye namandla okuzimisela.

ngocoselelo Cinga kwigrafu, nto leyo ibonisa imeko psyche yabantu. Inkuthazo, okt cognitive iinkqubo ngengqondo tafile ibonisa kakhulu ngokubanzi de iimfuno actualization. Izizathu zicacile: iqinisekise efanelekileyo nemisebenzi yabantu, banceda ukwakha ulwazi nokulawula indlela yokuziphatha. Le owodwa sezingqondweni hlangana iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo cognitive engqondweni, itafile leyo imelwe kwinqaku njengomntu - into ephilayo entsonkothileyo kakhulu, kwaye icandelo yengqondo sisiseko bonke ubomi. Loo nto inika vangama ngokwaneleyo eyenzekayo ekulawuleni zonke iindidi zemisebenzi yoluntu.

ezingeni umsebenzi

Into yokuba iinkqubo ingqondo kwabantu obungalinganiyo, ngamandla ezahlukeneyo nesantya, bonisa itafile kakhulu lokuqala bengqondo jikelele. inkqubo yokubala ngentloko baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo imeko ngamnye kunye iimpembelelo zangaphandle kuyo. Yintoni na isimo sengqondo? Lwaba ethetha, yinto kukuzinza inqanaba lomsebenzi ngengqondo, nto leyo ebonakaliswa kumsebenzi nokuphungulwa okanye linyuke. Imeko yomntu sinjani ezahlukeneyo. Nabani na khumbula, umsebenzi maxa wambi ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni kwabonakala ukukhanya waza ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha amanyathelo enye ekufuneka umgudu omkhulu kwaye nangoku ukufikelela yifuna.

Kuxhomekeka imeko yomntu utshintsho kunye neempawu iinkqubo ngengqondo, le theyibhile ibonisa oku ngokucacileyo. Indlela emi ngayo iinkqubo ezikhoyo engqondweni, reflex, ivela kunye ziyahluka kuxhomekeke ezintweni komzimba le meko, inkqubela, nokuba izenzo ngomlomo (nokudumisa bazibeke imeko mntu ngokucacileyo uzuza iimpawu ezintsha). Uthelekiso Chart iinkqubo cognitive engqondweni yomntu phezu izinto. Iqulathe kakhulu ngaye ezi zinto kutshintsha. Umzekelo, inqanaba ingqalelo ingahluka ngokujonga kula kwesiphazamiso, echaza isimo sengqondo kunye neemvakalelo neyethu jikelele utshintshe kakhulu ngokucacileyo imvelaphi ngokubanzi zonke iimpawu - ukusuka usizi okanye ucaphuka ukuya echwayithile nehlombe. Ingakumbi uphando oluninzi for the main yesazisi ubuchule karhulumente - iphefumlelwe.

zobuntu

Mental iimpawu zomntu - semfundo ezinzileyo, umsebenzi ephezulu nabalawuli ukuba ukuqinisekisa inqanaba ngurhulumente inani kunye nomgangatho kwanangamacandelo alo, nto leyo iqatshelwe ukuziphatha kunye nemisebenzi imifuziselo ngumntu othile. Uthelekiso Chart of iinkqubo cognitive yengqondo, elowo impahla psyche ngcembe ukusekwa inxulumene ngesiphumo komsebenzi owenziwayo kwaye ibonisa. Ukwahluka kula mihlaba zicwadi kunzima kakhulu ukuba bangahlela, nokuba kokuvumelana zonke ezisisiseko sele ngokwamaqela iinkqubo ngengqondo.

Kodwa krelekrele, oko kukuthi, ngokwasengqondweni, umsebenzi ngokweemvakalelo volitional zomntu kakhulu ngokwaneleyo uphando kwaye kujongwane ngokunxibelelana ezininzi entsonkothileyo yokuqaphela yabo. Ngoko ke, libonisa iintlobo kweenkqubo ngengqondo itafile. Iimpawu, imisebenzi kunye nendima kula macandelo ebomini bomntu ziya kuqwalaselwa sithi njengenxalenye yale nto. Imisebenzi ngokwasengqondweni, umzekelo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ingqondo elibukhali yaye irubhrikhi, uyinqaba unothanda kuba unyamezelo kunye nokuzimisela, kunye neemvakalelo - sensitive, inkanuko. Iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi iinkqubo yengqondo ezahlukeneyo, kodwa zonke idlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.

yokuqaphela

ubuntu iipropati psyche azikho ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba usebenza kuyondelelaniswe wokusungula iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zokusebenza. Kukho Ukuhlelwa wabonakala yeenkqubo zengqondo zingqondweni. Table ezi States ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

Kukho iinkqubo ilandelayo kuhlelwe omnye komnye:

• Iinkolelo: izidingo,, iinkolelo, iimbono, umsebenzi ubuntu kunye selectivity.
• Nobulali - zendalo zobuntu: Imali, né, amandla, nezinye iimpawu zokuziphatha, yonke into ubonakalise ukuziphatha olutshintshayo.
• Ubuchule: inkqubo lonke ezikrelekrele,, ubuntu ngokweemvakalelo strong-onenkani ukuba sikwazi amathuba zokudala.
• Kanobumba - inkqubo zokuziphatha kunye zengqondo.

Related izenzo Neuropsychiatric azinzile lwabo kwaye kufuneka babe ezithile umsebenzi ukuguqulwa yesekethe ekujoliswe ukuze ufumane result ethile. Le iinkqubo ngengqondo eziziimpawu ngamnye, emele ixabiso olulandeleyo isifundo. Ngokomzekelo, memory njengenkqubo ngengqondo kufuneka ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha imfuneko yayo - abazi kunye zingqondweni. Kuya kubakho igalelo kwinkqubo yimfuneko njengendawo, kwaye output okanye siphumo - ulwazi eseleyo kwimemori.

izenzakalo izangoma

Iinkqubo zixhaphakileyo engqondweni ezidweliswe ngasentla, kodwa makhe siqwalasele ezi zintlu ngokweenkcukacha. Ababhali ezahlukeneyo ubukhulu becala ezahlukeneyo. Yandile kwaye ibhalwe ngu bonke bakuthathele ingqalelo, imvakalelo, inkumbulo, iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo, ukuthanda, ukucinga, imbono, intetho. Xa udidi nesenzeko engqondweni, ukuba zikhona na mazwi kwangoko kunye abangaqeqeshwanga.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kaninzi musa ngisho inkqubo ofunda ukutenxa yayo kwisiqhelo, oko kukuthi, iimpawu. Kukho idla kunceda abafundi ukuba baqonde uhlelo iimpawu itheyibhile rhoqo inkqubo yokubala ngentloko. Abantwana zonke iindidi sifunde ngenyameko kakhulu, kodwa iinkqubo zabo zokuqiqa kulula ngokwaneleyo ukuze zingahlukaniswa ngokweemvakalelo okanye volitional.

zobuntu

Abantu afakwa ahlukile ngokupheleleyo: omnye saa, yaye omnye ziwubazele kakuhle ukhumbula loo mntu, ngubani - nje umculo. Ukongeza, ukuziphatha nasiphi na isenzeko ngengqondo luphawulwa iqondo esikalini umntu uya kumkholisa akumangalisi, kusimangalise umntu, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo 'injezu. Abantu iyileyo nezinye baphathwa ngokwahlukileyo: ezinye ezifana kwabanye, kodwa kubonakala kwezinye uluntu elizothe. Kukho ziqhu, nokuba lukhuni ekufikeleleni kule njongo, kwakunye nabo nangoku lingenandaba - ukuba sihlale okuso ecubhukile.

Isimo zeSayensi

psychology lwasekhaya nesenzeko izangoma ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu: iipropati, uthi kunye neenkqubo. Umahluko phakathi kwazo akukho mkhulu kangaka, yaye okwexeshana. Iinkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo Kwathi kamsinya, kodwa iimpawu abazinzileyo ngakumbi kwaye ixesha elide. iisayikholojisti Modern ngalo interconnectedness kweenkqubo ngengqondo ibunjiwe, enyanisweni, psyche, lwahlulwe lwaba izakhi kunokuba ngokwenene ngokuthe ngqo, ekubeni kukho ukuba isifundo yokugwetyelwa theoretical component. Kunjalo, ngokubanzi ezichongiweyo yaye bafunda hayi kuphela iziganeko ezinkulu umsebenzi psyche, kodwa iinkqubo ezingundoqo ngokwasengqondweni, itafile lokuthelekisa apho kukho ayikho isinye.

Kodwa bengqondo waba inzululwazi, izazinzulu liphuhlise iindlela kwingqiqo yawo, apho postulate eziphambili yindlela ezimanyanisayo kwi psyche babantu, nabo bonke zokuhlelwa kwitheyibhile - lixabiso Propaedeutic nokufundisa. Ngokufanayo, kukho iinkqubo eluntwini. Kanye njengoko psyche bomntu, ukuba ezinxulumeneyo kakhulu kuluntu: abantwana bafunde, abazali bakhulisa umsebenzi wabo, iimbaleki baqeqeshe, iindlamanzi basele, kwanabenzi bobubi abo catch amapolisa njalo njalo. Njengokuba kude oko kunokubonakala kunzima, ezi iinkqubo ngaxeshanye, kungekudala emva koko, bonke bephela kunye ngandlel gqiba nge.

Ngaba nemizwa

Man ukuphila kwakhe idlala izakhono ezikhoyo yayo, ulwazi, izakhono, ezama sokuwubopha iintlobo ezohlukileyo ukuziphatha ukuya kurhulumente okhoyo ngokwasemphefumlweni. Ngoko wakha actualization zamakhonkco phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo engqondweni, baluyeke abagxothwa kwimeko yayo esebenzayo. Phakathi kwamazwe kakhulu ecacileyo ngokweemvakalelo - kuchaphazela. Oku anzima, elibaleka ngokukhawuleza Imvakalelo ngamandla amakhulu, nto leyo efana-dubulo, ngoko oko kungaphaya kolawulo sezingqondweni kwaye kaninzi zophendlo lwezifo.

Kodwa inkqubo anikel ukunyamekela into yokwenyani okanye efanelekileyo - le ingqalelo. Kodwa ke akukho ngokweemvakalelo. Ingakumbi ukukwazi kukulawula samodeterminiruet imisebenzi yakhe. NaWo. Zonke iinkqubo ngengqondo linokukwenziwa kuyo. eziphambili iimpawu zaso, nemisebenzi - ukhetho ngqo iinjongo kunye neenjongo, amaza njengommiselo izenzo ezithile, nokuba kukho ukunqongophala ezixhasayo, umbutho ka iinkqubo ngengqondo abakwaziyo abonela kwinkqubo ukwenza ngokwaneleyo imisebenzi, badibane namandla engqondweni nasemzimbeni, ukuba ufuna ukoyisa imiqobo le njongo.

Ulwazi nobukrelekrele

Izixhobo yokuzihlola olwaneleyo kunye ezayo yehlabathi ejikeleze loo mntu, ukuba umelo kunye nomfanekiso- ngqondweni. Bona zihlobene nezakheko ubuchopho non-ngqo kwinqanaba cortical ze uvumele wena ukhethe ukwakha iimpawu asakhulayo sokuguquguquka inkqubo yokubala ngentloko. Le isantya kunye nobungakanani abo okanye ezinye izenzo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwawo. Urhulumente apho engqondweni yomntu, inokuba nomahluko, kungoko ke Ukwahluka eliphezulu kweziphumo zokusebenza.

Kuye ngokusondeleyo edibene ukucinga malunga ngokusondeleyo kangangoko koluvo nendlela abayibona - omnye lulandelayo kwenye. Ezi nkqubo cognitive azalwa kuyo nayiphi na umsebenzi psyche, njengoko zibonelela ukusebenza kwayo. Kunye ezingundoqo iinkqubo cognitive abantu kusengaphambili ukuba ukuhlela iinjongo ezinqwenelekayo, ukwenza izicwangciso, ukuba bazalise imixholo imisebenzi ezizayo, ukuqikelela iziphumo zokuzisebenzisa njengoko umsebenzi uqhubeka. iinkqubo cognitive yengqondo kunye neempawu zazo itafile linikwa kwi nqaku libonisa indlela ekrelekrele.

iziphumo

inkqubo Psychological ulula ukucacisa ubuchule bomntu ukuyikhumbula, cinga angase. Amaninzi inxulunyaniswa nomba ulwazi olufunyenweyo. inkqubo yokubala ngentloko Cognitive basoloko ubugcisa esebenzayo, ibonisa ihlabathi kungekuphela nje saguqula. Kukho iindlela ezimbini ngolwazi - ezithile kunye non-ngqo. Eyokuqala isebenzisa iinkqubo inkanuko olwamkelweyo - oku imvakalelo, imbono kunye nokucinga, kule yokugqibela ekwabelwana ingqiqo, umgwebo nokuqiqa.

Jikelele, okanye iinkqubo ezingezo-ngqo yengqondo - inkumbulo, baya, ukuyila, ingqalelo. Zisebenza indlela cross-ukusika, ngokubonelela unxibelelwano kwaphela ngexesha lenkqubo yokufunda inyathelo, kwaye ixhomekeka kuzo zonke iinkqubo kwesicwangciso zokuziphatha, sele kuyondelelaniswe. Ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi kwengqondo ixhaswa umsebenzi injongo kwaye aluncedo lo mntu ofumana kuphela umntu; kodwa ke ukusuka nokwahluka kwenu.