Inkcazo yeMoscow kunye nezinto zayo

Makhe senze inkcazo yeMoscow, inkunzi yeRashiya. UMoscow ngumzi onabantu abaninzi eYurophu. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 bahlala apha. Inkunzi enkulu yaseRashiya ikwaqwalaselwa njengenye yeedolophu ezindala kwiindawo zaseYurophu. Ekuqaleni kwe-1147, ubungqina bokuqala obubhaliweyo bufakiwe. UMoscow ngekhulu le-13 liba liziko lolawulo oluhlukeneyo, kwaye ekupheleni kwekhulu le-14 - inkulu ehlanganisa lonke ilizwe laseRashiya. Ukususela ngelo xesha, bekuye kwinqanaba lobomi bezobupolitika kunye nezopolitiko. Apha, i-typography izalwe, iphephandaba lokuqala lesiRashiya lipapashwa, kunye nendawo yokuqala yokudlala, itempile yekremlin, evulekileyo eRashiya.

Makhe siqwalasele izinto eziphambili zaseMoscow. Ifoto kunye namagama kunye neenkcazelo zazo ziya kuboniswa ngezantsi. Siza kuthetha kuphela ngokwemigqaliselo jikelele malunga nenkunzi yaseRashiya, enokuthethwa ngayo ixesha elide.

Ukuvulwa kweYunivesithi yaseMoscow

UPetros I, njengoko kwaziwa, ngo-1713 wathuthela umnqweno eSt. Petersburg. Kodwa iMoscow yahlala yinkcubeko yobugcisa kunye nesayensi. Akuyona ingozi yokuba kule dolophu ngo-1755 i-yunivesithi yokuqala yelizwe yavulwa - eMoscow. UMoscow ukususela ngowe-1918 ubuyisela kwakhona imeko elahlekileyo yenkunzi.

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo ze-capital

Ukwenza inkcazo yaseMoscow, kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba ukwakhiwa kwesi sixeko kubonakalisa yonke into ebalulekileyo yembali yaseRashiya. Inkunzi enkulu yanamhlanje idibanisa iindlela ezinqamlekileyo kunye neengqungquthela ezinkulu, izindlu zamandulo kunye nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, iipaki zehlathi kunye neendawo zoshishino. Kukwahluke kangangokuba xa uqhelana nayo, ufumana ingcamango yokuhamba kwindawo kunye nexesha.

Inkcazo yeBlack Square

EMoscow, i-Kremlin kunye ne-Red Square yimbindi yembali yesixeko. Ixabela ekuboneni okokuqala ukwakha kwayo ubukhulu. Indawo engavamile yesiqhelo iqala ukubonwa sele ilapha, ephakathi kweso sixeko. Ezi zibophelelo zoMlambo waseMoscow, i-reliefs yama-hilly, i-radial-circular layout. Konke oku kuboniswe ngasemva kweeonto ezininzi kunye neetempileni ezinezindlu zegolide ezikhazimulayo. Akukho amyuziyam kunye neetempile kuphela eziphakathi kweendonga zeKremlin. Ukudweba inkcazo ye-Red Square eMoscow, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele amabini amakhulu amakhulu: i-Tsar Bell kunye neTsar Cannon, ephazamisa ukucinga ngabakhenkethi abaninzi.

GUM

Iparele ye-Red Square yileSonto yaseSt. Basil i-Blazing ngomlilo oqaqambileyo wembala eqaqambileyo. Nantsi i-GUM - isitolo seSebe, elinesithathu. Ngenye yezinto eziphambili zendawo. Utshintshi ngendlela yemigca idibanisa imigca emithathu yeGUM. Xa uhamba apha, kubonakala ngathi ungena kwisixeko esikhethekileyo sasendulo.

IiMyuziyamu zentloko

Imiboniso yaseMoscow, inkcazo esibhekise kuyo, ayikho kuphela i-Red Square. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iimyuziyam ezininzi ziphakathi kwinqununu. Ngazo akunakwenzeka ukuthetha, ukwenza inkcazelo yeMoscow. Eyona edume kakhulu kubo iTretyakov Gallery kunye ne-Pushkin Museum.

Abaninzi abaculi abahlala kulo mzi. Iindlu zabo kunye neendlu emva kokufa zaba ngumyuziyamu waseMoscow, inkcazelo yinto eya kuba yinto enomdla ngakumbi kubafundi bezobugcisa. Emva kokutyelela izindlu zeemyuziyam yaseStanislavsky, eCliapin, iKokhov, iOstrovsky, iLermontov, i-museum-iindawo zokuhlala eziseNemirovich-Danchenko, i-AN Tolstoy, i-Pushkin, ungangena kwiimo zobomi bala manani aphezulu. Olu luhlu oluthile lwabantu abadumileyo ababehlala eMoscow. Sikucebisa ukuba u tyelele ezi zikhumbuzo zaseMoscow. Ifoto kunye nencazelo ayikwazi ukuhambisa umoya olawulayo kule miyuziyamu. Kwisithombe esingezantsi - i-museum yaseKeykhov.

Kuphakathi kukho iindidi ezininzi. Zininzi zazo zizikhumbuzo zakhiwo. EMoscow, ngoku iindibano ezahlukeneyo zenziwa: ukusuka kwi-opera ukuya kwi-operetta kunye nomculo.

Arbat

I-Arbat yenye yezona ndawo zinomdla kwiindawo eziphambili kweso sixeko, apho kuboniswa khona izinto ezininzi zaseMoscow. Inkcazo yalo iya kuba mnandi kubafundi abaninzi. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ukuba akuyiyo kuphela isitalato esidala ekuthethwa yiArbat. I-Arbat - indawo yonke, edibene phakathi kweMalaya neBolshaya Nikitskiy izitalato kunye neKropotkinskaya. Apha ahlala abaninzi abaculi abakhulu kunye nabalobi. Esi sithili sahlaziywa ngamaxesha amaninzi kwiingoma nakubonga. KwiArbat yayihlala kuLoan Tolstoy nasePushkin, eBulgakov naseBunin, e-Okudzhava naseRybakov. Namhlanje, iSitrato seArbat yindawo yokuhamba ngezinyawo kunye nendawo yentlanganiso yabameli bezobugcisa. Apha, ngaphezu koko, kukho iindawo zokutyela kunye neefestile.

"Kolomenskoye"

Akusiyo kuphela isikhungo sayo, apho ubomi bezenkcubeko kunye neenkcubeko zitshisa, uMoscow unomdla. Inkcazo emfutshane malunga nomzi kufuneka ifake ulwazi malunga neepaki kunye namanori. AmaPaki kunye namaziko aseMoscow afanelwe ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Omnye wabo, i-Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve, isendaweni yomntu wasendulo weenkosana kunye nookumkani baseRussia. Kwimimandla encinci kuneendawo eziqingqiweyo zezikhumbuzo ze-archaeology, i- architecture kunye ne-geology. Kwimyuziyam-gcina ukwazi ukubona amatye amakhulu, agcinwe ukususela kwimvula. Nangona kunjalo, isakhiwo sayo esona sikhulu sisikhumbuzo sendlela yokutyelela iitente, ukutsala abaninzi abatyeleli, okwakunanoma naliphi ixesha lonyaka lizaliswe nguMoscow. Inkcazo emfutshane yeso sixeko iya kuqhubeka nebali malunga nepaki kunye neendoda.

I-Tsaritsynsky Park kunye ne-Estate yeKoskovo

I-Tsaritsynsky Park itholakala kumzantsi weMoscow. Unomdla kwizakhiwo ezinkulu zaseburongeni. UCatherine II wayala ukwakha iTaritsyno. Ngenxa yoko, uMmpress akazange azisebenzise ezi zakhiwo, ezakhiwe yiprojekthi yeMatvey Kazakov noVasily Bazhenov, abakhi bezakhiwo ezimbini baseRussia. INdlu yeNdlunkulu engagqitywanga. Ungomnye omkhulu kunazo zonke eMoscow. Iimitha ezili-170 ubude befowuni. KwiNdlunkulu yaseGrand Kremlin, ukuthelekisa, ubude be-facade ngamamitha ayi-120.

Isakhiwo saseKoskovo sisempuma yelikhulu. Wayehlala e-Count Sheremetyev. Le manor idume ngeyomyuziyam yeramikhi kunye nezobugcisa bayo ezizodwa. Uyakubona isithunzi esingezantsi.

Unomdla kakhulu kwezi zikhumbuzo zaseMoscow. Ifoto kunye nenkcazo echazwe ngasentla iya kukunceda ukubazi kakuhle.

Ostankino

Kumntla nguOstankino. Le manor idonsa abavakhenkethi ngegumbi layo leklasi, eyakhiwa ngekhulu le-13. Umthi we-birch-birch umthi, oqhelekileyo kwingingqi yaseMoscow, ungasemva kwawo. Phezu kwepaki kunye nefa limelele iNqaba ye-Ostankino.

Ubume bobukhulu beminyaka ye-20 leminyaka

Ngekhulu lama-20, iMoscow yatshintsha kakhulu. Inkcazo yeso sixeko kufuneka ifakwe ekuqwalaseleni le nguqulelo. Izakhiwo ezininzi zasendulo zachithwa. Njengomphumo wokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezintsha zolu hlobo, isixeko sanda kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kungekhona nje uhlobo olubi lweenguqu kwizakhiwo ezinkulu. Kukho izinto ezintsha eMoscow. Ngamagama kunye nenkcazo yazo ngoku siza kuzisa umfundi.

Izikhumbuzo eziyisixhenxe zezakhiwo zaseStalin zaba ziimpawu zayo. Le yakhiwo ephakamileyo ephakamileyo. IYunivesithi yaseMoscow kwi-Sparrow Hills itholakala kwenye yazo. Indawo ephambili yokuqwalasela iMoscow yindawo yokubona, e-Vorobyovy Gory. I-panorama ephambili yeso sixeko ibonakaliswe apha.

VDNH (eMoscow)

Inkcazo yeso sixeko iya kuqhubeka kunye nesingeniso esifutshane kwenye indawo eyaziwayo. I-VDNH iyisikhumbuzo esaziwayo sakhiwo seSoviet. Kamva kwabizwa ngokuba yiVVC. Le nto yinkimbinkimbi yemboniso yemibhobho, eyahlukileyo kwibukeka bayo obukhulu. Phakathi kwazo ziindawo ezidumile. Eyona edume kakhulu nguMthombo wobuhlobo boBantu. Ihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yegolide. Lo mthombo unokuziqhayisa ngoMoscow. Ifoto kunye nenkcazo ayibonakalisi, ngelanga, bonke ubuqaqawuli bayo.

Ihotele "Cosmos"

Ihotele yeCosmos ithotyana neziko lemiboniso. Igama layo likhumbuza ukuba imbali ye-cosmonautics kwilizwe lethu yaqala ngokuchanekileyo kule ndawo. Apha, kufuphi neProspectus yehlabathi, i-rocket yasekhaya yakhiwe. Kukhunjuzwa oku kunye ne-rocket-overpped obelisk, kunye nesikhumbuzo kuTsiolkovsky, umsunguli we-astronautics, kunye ne-alley apho amabhasi ku-Academicians Mstislav Keldysh no Sergei Korolev. Zonke ezi zibalulekileyo izikhumbuzo ezifanele zifakwe kwingcaciso yeMoscow.

Manege

Esinye sezikhumbuzo ezihle kakhulu zeklasikhi yokugqibela isakhiwo saseManezh. Ikwahlukileyo ngamandla angqongqo kunye nobubanzi benjongo.

Isakhiwo sakhiwe ngowe-1817 ngokuhlonipha isihlanu sonyaka sokunqoba kwimfazwe ye-1812. Ababhali beprojekthi babakhi beMontferrand kunye neBeauv, neenjineli - iKashperov, iBancancourt, iCarbonne. Ingqungquthela yamakholomu eDoric, ahlala kwicala lamacaleni, avumela umntu ukuba ayibale ngokuphathelele kwandiswa kwesi sakhiwo. Okuqhelekileyo ngelo xesha umrhumo wokunqoba kweempahla zaseRashiya yimifanekiso yerejista yempi kubo.

Ukuvulwa kwe-Arena kwaphawulwa ngumbukiso wemikhosi ebuyela ngokunqoba ngaphambi kokuba kuvela eParis. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba uMarhulumente waseMoscow-Jikelele ufuna ukuba ii-facades zesakhiwo zizaliswe ngokuqulunqwa kwemifanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, umakhi wasezidolophini uBove akazange ahlukane nalo myalelo wokukhohlisa, nangona kwakunguManezh oye wazimisela ubuso bentlalo yesixeko. Ngokutsho kwesicwangciso sakhe, isakhiwo saseYunivesithi yaseMoscow, esikulo mmandla kunye nayo, kufuneka sibe yindawo enomxholo weManege Square.

Iholo elikhulu leManezh lalihlanganiswe ngophahla oluxutywe ngamapulangwe kungekho namakholomu axhasayo. Kwaye kwacatshangelwa ngelo xesha ummangaliso wezobugcisa "I-Manege yayiyilungiselelo lokuqala, ukuphononongwa kunye nokuzilolonga, kwaye yayisetyenziselwa ezinye iinjongo - kwiikonsathi, imikhosi yabantu kunye nemiboniso - ukususela ngo-1831. Ngowe-1957, bavula iHolo lokuBoniswa kweCentral, apho imibukiso eyahlukeneyo ibanjwe khona kwaye ibe nomhla.

IMetro Moscow

Esinye seziqhamo eziphambili zedolophu yisiteshi se-metro, esibizwa ngokuba "ngeendonga zehlabathi phantsi". Ziyaziwa ngobuhle beeholo kunye namabhodlela angaphantsi komhlaba. Isigqibo sokwakha senziwa ngo-1931. Kwaye iprojekthi yokuqala yayingakabikho ngaphambi kokuba iMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala ivunyiwe kwiSixeko saseDuma. Ngomhla ka-1935, ngo-Meyi 15, kuba abagibeli bavulwa umzila wokuqala we-metro (iSokolnicheskaya Line). I-Lublin yaqalisa ukusebenza (ekhulwini lama-20). Oku kwenzeka ngo-1995. Iindidi ezingaphezu kwe-20 zemarble zetshenziswe ekwakhiweni komhlaba, kunye ne-onyx, i-rhodonite, i-porphyry, i-granite, i-labrador kunye nezinye iintlobo zamatye. Iziqulatho, iziqhotyoshelweyo, izandi eziphambili kunye nokuzihombisa zihombise izakhiwo eziphantsi komhlaba. Zadalwa ngabaphathi beli lizwe.

Abakhi kunye nabakhi beMetro eMetro bazama ukudala iimeko ezizilungeleyo kubagibeli, kodwa nokubonelela ngabanye kwisitishi ngasinye. Enye yeyona nto ingcono iMeakovskaya. Kwavulwa ngowe-1938. Ngendlela yensimbi engenamatshini kunye neentsimbi zegranite zetsimbi zetsimbi , inkxaso yehholo elingaphantsi komhlaba lenziwe. Iipaneli zeMoses, ezenziwe yimifanekiso yeDeineka, zisekhaya. Kwimiboniso eParis ngo-1937, izitishi zesigaba sokuqala seMetro eMoscow zafumana ibhaso ngokucwangciswa kweedolophu, kwaye iMayakovskaya yanikezwa i-Grand Prix.

I-Kropotkinskaya, i-Novoslobodskaya, i-Mayakovskaya, i-Komsomolskaya kunye ne-Korina mosaics, i-Revolution Square, ehlotswe ngemifanekiso engu-76 yobhedu i-Mazinera, kunye nezinye ziyizikhumbuzo ezinkulu zokwakha ezi-30-50-ies. I-Metro ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic yasetyenziswa njengendawo yokukhusela ibhomu. Izitulo ezintsha ziyaziwa ngokuklanywa ngokucokisekileyo nokulula.

Ukuze kuhambelane ne-metro, kukho izicwangciso zayo. Zizo zonke iibhloko. Uncedo luncedwa ngamacwecwe okukhanya kunye nezixhobo zoncedo ezizenzekelayo.

Ibhuloho yaseCrimea

Siza kuqhubeka nokuchazwa kweMoscow kunye nebali malunga nokutsala kwesi sixeko njengedolophu yaseCrimea. Ngomnyaka we-1783 ibhuloho yaseNikolayevsky yamatye yakhiwa kwisiza seCrimea. Kwatshintshwa kwiminyaka eyi-100 ngesinyithi kunye neentsimbi zokulandelana.

Ngomnyaka we-1935 amabhanti amatsha amatye ahlotshiswe nguMlambo waseMoscow. Inkcazo yazo zonke asiyi kubhala. Nangona kunjalo, ibhuloho yaseCrimea iyafanelekela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo. Wadibana neGarden Ring Road kwiGorky Park yeNkcubeko kunye neKaluga Square. ICrimea, njengamanye amabhuloho amatsha, iguqa iimbumba, ngokuqinisekileyo ukuqinisekiswa kokuthuthwa kwezothutho, ezisezantsi kumanqanaba. Ihluke kwabanye ngohlobo lwesakhiwo sokulenga. Le bhuloho yodwa exhomekeke kuMlambo waseMoscow. Ubude bayo buyi-671 m.

I-F.O.Sheikhtel's housesion

Ngomnyaka we-1896, uShektel wezakhiwo wakha indlu yokuhlala yangasese. Ihluke ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ekwakheka ngokukhululeka kwakhiwo, efana neqonga eliphakathi. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kubonisa ukuthambekela kothando okuphambi kobunamhlanje.

Amagumbi okuhlala ajongene negadi, amagumbi aphilileyo ajongene nesitalato. Ephakathi kwendlu yinqanaba eliphambili. Amagumbi aphambili ahlelwe ngeenxa zonke. Ngasentla kwinqanaba le-staircase kunye nokungena ziiindonga ezingaphezulu. Umzobo ka-VA Frolov ulapha ngaphezu komnyango. Ibonisa iinkcazo ezintathu ze-iris: ukuvula le ntyatyambo, ubuqhopholo kunye nokubola. Kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiingqungquthela zemihlaba eyahlukeneyo. Indawo yokucima umlilo ekhuselekile ihlala kwigumbi lokuhlala. Ngaphezulu kwayo iphakamisa ibhalkoni. Isakhiwo namhlanje sisetyenziswe njenge-embassy. Apha ahlala ngo-1920 amagosa aphezulu aseSoviet, kuquka neBubnov, Abantu bakaCommissar.

LoMphathiswa Wezolimo

Esi sakhiwo, esinezi-8 eziphantsi, senziwe ngesitayela se-buildtivism esandula. Itholakala kwinqanaba leedolophu, kwinqanaba leendlela ezininzi zokuhamba. Isiseko saso siyilo sokhonkco esomeleleyo kunye neendonga zelitye. Ubulungiseleli ngokubanzi bufana neengoma zikaMendelssohn. Ivumelana ngokuphumelelayo neCentrosoyuz kunye neGostorg ehlala kummandla. Kuye kunye neziphakamiso zokuphakanyiswa zisetyenziselwa kwisakhiwo esakhayo rhoqo.

Ezi zizinto eziphambili zoMoscow. Iifoto kunye namagama kunye nenkcazelo ziyakunceda ukuba ubonise ukubukeka kwangoku kwintshona yeRashiya.