Icawa yaseBoris neGleb, i-Kideksha: inkcazo, imbali, ubugcisa, inyaniso enomdla

Isithili saseSudal sithathwa njengenye yeendlela ezona umdla ezithandayo ezinika umdla kwezokhenketho kwilizwe lethu. Khangela iindawo ezikhangayo kwiindawo zaseVladimir aziveli kuphela kulo lonke elaseRussia enkulu, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe, ngokukodwa, aseYurophu. Kwaye akumangalisi. Enyanisweni, isithili saseSudal ngasekunene singabizwa ngokuba yi-museum esebenza emoyeni. Namhlanje inxalenye ye "Golden Ring" yaseRashiya.

Indawo ezingcwele

Kwintsimi yaseSuzdal inani elingaqhelekanga lamabandla, iicawa kunye neentsika. I-dilacese yaseVladimir, apho bangamalungu, inembali yayo kwiphondo leshumi elinesithathu. Namhlanje kukho iinqununu ezingamashumi amabini anesibhozo kunye neetempile ezintandathu. Eyona nkulu kunazo iCawa laseBoris neGleb (iKideksha), i-Dmitrievsky kunye ne-Uspensky cathedrals eVladimir. NgoSeptemba 7, 2014, i-Vladimir Diocese yagubha iminyaka engamakhulu asibhozo. Kwimibhiyozo, ekhokelwa nguPatriliar waseMoscow kunye neRussia Kirill, kwakungekho nje kuphela amakholwa avela kuzo zonke iikona zelizwe lethu, kodwa kunye nabakhenkethi abaninzi. Inomdla kwimibandela yeSifunda sase-Suzdal ikhula minyaka yonke. Abakhenkethi beza apha ukubona le "evulekile" ikona yaseRashiya. Kumele kuthiwa iitempile zaseSuzdal azikho kuphela kwisixeko, kodwa zichithwa kwiindawo eziphambili kunye namasimi ommandla. Omnye wabo yiCawa laseBoris neGleb (iKideksha).

Inkcazelo

Yakhelwe ikhilomitha ezine ukusuka eSuzdal. Idolophana yaseKideksha, apho le ngqamlezo engabonakali yendawo yokuzakhela imele, yinto yakudala, ngaphambi kweSlavic. Imi emlonyeni womlambo omncinci iKamenka, phakathi kwemimandla emikhulu. Icawa yaseBoris ne-Gleb yenye yeecawa zokuqala zokwakha izakhiwo zamatye ezimhlophe zaseVladimir-Suzdal. Endaweni apho iKideksha ikhona khona, iKamenka idibanisa neNerl - umthamo obaluleke kakhulu kwi-Suzdal. Yingakho apha ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibini uPrince Yuri Dolgoruky wanquma ukwakha idolophu eneqingqiweyo. Wayefuna ukuthatha umlambo waseSuzdal phantsi kolawulo lwakhe. Ithempeli likaBoris neGleb lakhiwa ngabagcisa bakhe malunga ne-1152. Wayeza kuba yintloko yesikhephelo kwindawo yokuhlala yesikhulu. Inkundla yakhiwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lomlambo ngendlela yenkqantosi. Izakhiwo zocingo zazingaphezu kwekhilomitha elide. Kwakungendawo yokuhlala enkulu, efana nokukhulula eMoscow, eyasungulwa nguYud Dolgoruky. Ngelishwa, ezininzi izibonelelo zayo azifikeleli.

Imveli

Indawo yokwakhiwa kunye negama lethempeli laseBorisoglebsk alikhethwa ngethuba. Ngokomxholo, kwakukhona apha abazalwana uGleb noBoris badibana, kamva baqaphela njengabangcwele bokuqala baseRashiya. Bafika apha kwikhwelo kayise-uPrince Vladimir. Kwi "Power Book" kuthiwa emlambo kwiNerl eKidekshah, kufuphi nomzi waseSuzdal kwakukho indawo yokuhlala yasendulo. Kwaye kwavunyelwa ukuba kuhlangane noBoris noGleb, abavela kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo eKiev ukuya kumzali-uNkosana Krasnoe Solnyshko. Kamva babulawa ngumzalwana wabo wesithathu uSvyatopolk. Esi siko saba sisihlandlo sokungcwalisa i-cathedral eyinhloko ngokuhlonipha la mabini angcwele aseRashiya.

Imbali

E-Kideksha, iindawo zokuhlala ezikhuselekileyo zendawo yokuhlala zihlala zigcinwe. Ngokwezinye iingxelo, icawa ngokwayo yabekwa nguYud Dolgoruky ngokuhlonipha oonyana bakhe abancinci abancinci - uBoris noGleb, owamkela amagama abo bangcwele abancinci baseRashiya. Nasi ingcwaba lomnye wabo. Kwisonto laseBorisoglebsk ukuba unyana kaDolgoruky, iNkosana yaseBelgorod noTurov, uBoris Yuryevich, owafa ngo-1159, unomkakhe uMaria nentombi uEuphrosyne.

Ngexesha lokuhlasela kweMongol, uKideksha wabandezeleka kakhulu. Kodwa kakade ngo-1239 ibandla laseBoris neGleb liye lalungiswa kwaye lahlanjululwa. Ngokwezinye iingxelo, kwakukho ngeli xesha ukuba isibingelelo esiqingqiweyo kunye nesitulo samatye emhlophe sakhiwe apha.

ZoLwakhiwo

Icawa yaseBoris neGleb (iKideksha) ayikhanyeli ngekhono elinjalo elicwangcisiweyo, eliyintsika, umzekelo, i-Uspensky okanye i-Dmitrievsky khedrrals, efana nexesha elifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukulula kwayo kunika isakhiwo isibheno esikhethekileyo kwisiganeko esinobuqhawe. Icawa yaseBoris neGleb (iKideksha), eyakhe isakhiwo "sinzima kakhulu," sinesifom Unesithathu evelele kwi-half-cylinders yayo. Icawa yaseBoris ne-Gleb (iKideksha) ayifuni i-carved. I-sash yesikhephe sakhe kunye needolophu ezincinci ngexesha elilodwa lihlotshiswe i-facade emhlophe emangalisayo.

Ukususela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yeshumi elinesithathu, ukuchithwa kwetempile kwaqala. Izimbozo kunye nentloko yalo yawa. Kwaye kwaphela ngekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe elineshumi elinesixhenxe ecawa iBandla laseBoris neGleb (iKideksha) lalungiswa. Itshe elidala elimhlophe lisetyenziswe kulo msebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, uphahla olune-ezine kunye nentloko encinci ayizange ibonakalise imbonakalo yelithempeli lasendulo, elaliyinalo ekuqaleni.

Kubonakala

Ibandla laseBoris neGleb lenziwe yintloko enye, insika-ezine, inyawo emithathu. Yenziwe yenziwe kakuhle kwaye iphantse ibe yomeke ibeke iibhloko zamatye ezimhlophe. Iindonga zeevanes zangaphandle zihlulwe zibe ziintambo ezintathu ezingalinganiyo, ophakathi phakathi kwazo zibanzi kwaye ziphezulu kunezo zenzeke. Ngaphezulu kwendawo yokungena entshonalanga kukho umnqamlezo. Ubungakanani becawa, ubuninzi balo bonke kunye neendlela ezininzi zokuyila, kuquka iiprofayili zamacangca ngokusondeleyo kwiCatedralral Transfiguration, eyakhiwe phantse ngexesha elifanayo ePereslavl-Zalessky.

Izixhobo

Ukwakhiwa kweCawa yaseBoris neGleb kukho into efana nezobugcisa baseNtshona Yurophu, ngokukodwa, i-Romanesque. Umzekelo, ukhankanya ibhande lesigqabi, ohlula uhlangothi luba ngamacangwana amabini. I-portal inomdla kwaye inokuthenjelwa, enesiprofayile esilula kakhulu ngendlela yeetekisi ezintathu kunye nelitye elingaphambili eliphambili . Ingqungqele yayinebhodi yeso sixeko, njengoko kubonakaliswa yimfuyo yayo efunyenwe phantsi kophahla lwethempeli. Kwamatye amaninzi kwindawo yokuthungela, ungabona iimpawu ezifana neenkosana zeenkosana.

Ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi

Eyakhelwe ngo-1152, iBandla laseBoris neGleb (iKideksha) lahlala lingenakulungiswa iminyaka emine. Ngomnyaka we-1947, abavubukuli bafumanisa iziqwenga zefrescoes, ezithi, ngokutsho kwabaphandi, zingama-80 eekhulu leminyaka. Umzobo, ngokusemandleni onke, wenziwa ngexesha le-Vsevolod III ngomyalelo wakhe, njengoko kubonakaliswa yimithi ephakamileyo yeparadesi kunye neentaka, umbala we-white-stone decoration yexesha lakhe kunye nokuhamba kwindlela ye-canonical. Icawa nayo yayigcina iifresco kwi-niche ekhethekileyo kwindonga yesantla esenyakatho, ngaphantsi kwekhoyara.

Zakhiwo zeTempile

Kwakusezantsi kwetempile ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesixhenxe kwiiGates eziNgcwele zazakhelwa, ezavula umlambo ukuya emfuleni. Ngowe-1780, kunye nethempeli elikhukhulayo elikhukhulayo, iStkanie Church "efudumele" yakhiwe, ifana nendlu yokuhlala kunye nophahla lwazo. Inkathazo igqitywa yintente yentsimbi. Ngaloo ndlela, i-Kidekshy idibeneyo idibanisa izakhiwo ezihlukeneyo kwixesha elingamawaka eminyaka amahlanu, nangona kunjalo, nangona kunjalo, zidibene ngokukodwa.

Ukuba ukhangele kule nkathalo ukusuka ecaleni loMlambo iNerl, uvakalelwa ngokukhawuleza ukuba ukuqonda okungaqondakaliyo kokuvisisana kwendalo kunye nezokwakha izakhiwo ezazisendaleni yendalo.

Ithempeli likaBoris neGleb lalihlolisiswe kakuhle ngabavubukuli. Ukugqitywa kokugqibela kwenziwa ngo-2011. Icawa yayibuyiselwe phantsi. Zininzi izinto ezingaziwayo zohlobiso lwangaphakathi zifunyenwe: isiseko se-iconostasis, inxalenye engezantsi yetrone, i-omphalie. Kwiyakhiwo yaseRussia yasendulo, loo nto kuthiwa ilitye lepinki ephantsi yayabizwa. Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba i-specimen eyona nto ikhethekileyo i-omphalia ethi iBandla laseBoris neGleb (iKideksha) linalo.

Inyaniso

Masters abenza umsebenzi wokwakha ekwakhiweni kwetempile, u-Yuri Dolgoruky befudula bathunyelwa e-Italy. ERoma, kwafuneka bafunde izithethe zaseYurophu zokwakha zexesha. Inyaniso kukuba ngelo xesha iRashiya yayingakasebenzi kunye nelitye loqobo. Yingakho icawa yaba ngu-Romanesque, ngomoya weYurophu wekhulu le-12. Ukuhlobisa kwangaphandle kwakunokuthozama, kodwa kunjalo, kwakuhle kakhulu. Ngaphakathi, yonke into yayicebile kakhulu. Ukongeza, abavubukuli bafumene ilitye elinepinki kwindawo ephambili yecawa - i-omphalie. Le yindawo ekhethekileyo apho umbhishophu waba yinkonzo ekhethekileyo. Namhlanje iBandla laseKidekshskaya laseBoris neGleb, elidweliswe kwiluhlu lweempawu ze-UNESCO, liyinxalenye ye-Vladimir-Suzdal Museum Reserve.

Uphononongo

Abantu abaninzi beza kwidolophana enhle kakhulu eKideksha ngaphakathi kwindlela yokutyelela i-Golden Ring. Ithempelesi yaseBorisoglebsky ibetha ngokukhawuleza. Kuyamangalisa ukuba kwiphondo lelishumi elinesibini kwakunokwenzeka ukuqhuba ukwakhiwa okukhulu kangaka. Ubungqina becawa kunye nokuyingqayizivele kwazisa abavakhenkethi kwilizwe lonke. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba ngokukhawuleza uza kuba yiminyaka eliwaka ubudala. Into kuphela ayinayo yindawo yokupaka imoto, nangona kuya kuba nzima ukuyicombulula le ngxaki, kuba icawa ayinayo ipariti nomfundisi.