Ingqungquthela inzima kangakanani? Masiyiqonde

Ingqayi inzima kangakanani? Umbuzo ofanayo ekuqalekeni uyinto engaqhelekanga. Ingakanani isilwanyana esinokulinganisela, esingaba ngaphezu kweekentimitha ezingama-0.5? Kodwa yonke into, njengoko yaziwa, iyaziwa ngokuthelekiswa. Ipharamitha ebaluleke kakhulu enquma ubungakanani Inambuzane, kunye nobukhulu bayo bunqunywe ngokuba ngumnye weekoloni ezintathu: amabhinqa, amadoda kunye nabasebenzi bezilwanyana. I-caste nganye ayifani kuphela nenjongo yayo, kodwa nakubonakala. Ukusebenza ngabanye, njengomgaqo, banomlinganiselo omncinane. Abafazi kunye nabesilisa baninzi. Abasebenzi abathathu banokulinganisa ubuninzi bendoda enesilwanyana. Ngendlela, ukulindela ubomi kwabasebenzi kuthobekile-enye yonyaka, ngelixa iindlovukazi zingaphila iminyaka eyi-12.

Ithenda lesibini ukuphendula umbuzo wendlela inambuzane enzima ngayo yintoni intsi-yintsapho leyo eyayiyo. Kuza kube namhlanje, izazinzulu zihlukanisa iintlobo ezili-12 zeentlobo zezilwanyana ezili-12, apho kuphela abantu abangaba ngu-300 abahlala kwintsimi yaseRashiya. Millimeters. Yaye inkulu iindidi - i-Gamponotus gigas - imelwe ngabantu ngabalandelayo: abasebenzi-2 amasentimitha, abesilisa - 1.8, amasosha - 2.8, ii-uterus - 3.2 centimeters. Ubukhulu obunjalo bubaluleke kakhulu. I-Gamponotus gigas-ant ant enkulu ifikelela kwi-milligram. Kwaye iindlovu ezinkulu kunazo zonke kwimbali yeplanethi ziyizinto eziphilayo-ziye zafa ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Abameli be-Formicium babenomzimba ubude obufikelela kuma-centimitha angama-7, kwaye ubude bamaphiko abo bafika kwi-15. Iingqungquthela ezininzi zilinganisela le ntlobo, i-alas, ibalwa kuphela imathematika.

Ezi zinambuzane zikhona izidalwa ezincinci, kwaye umgaqo-siseko uqukethe "izinto ezingenasiphelo" izinto: iintambo, amanxeba, iziqu. Kuphela intloko, i-epinotum kunye nesisu isimelele iindidi ezithile ekubaleni ubunzima bomzimba . Kodwa kunye neeparitha ezincinci, izintuthwane zenza i-10 ukuya ku-25% ye-biomass yomhlaba yezilwanyana ezingaphezu komhlaba, kuba zixhaphakile (azihlali kuphela e-Antarctica nakwezinye iziqithi). Lo mqulu ungenxa yokuba impucuko yabo inemibutho ephakamileyo kakhulu, olu hlobo lwezinambuzane ezinokuthi luguquke kwaye luguqulele kwiindawo zokuhlala ezintsha, ikoloni inokusebenzisa iindidi ezahlukeneyo zobutyebi ebomini.

Ngaphambili, ipesenteji ye-biomass yayingekho phezulu-kuphela 1%. Izintuthwane zaqala ukunqoba ekuqaleni kwexesha lesithathu, emva kweemitha zokukhanya. Ngeli nqanaba, inani labo lalingama-40% e-biomass yezilwanyana zasemhlabeni. Kuloo mihlathi, isishumi esishumi sisaphila kude kube namhlanje, singatshintshi. Izintuthwane zingenye yezidalwa ezindala emhlabeni. Isibonelo esiphezulu kunama-fossil esafunyenwe kwisiqwenga se-beach e-New Jersey sineminyaka eyi-130 yezigidi ubudala. Ubunzima bunjani ubungqungquthela beminyaka yobukhulu beMesozoic, kunzima ukuthetha, njengoko umzimba wakhe usomile kwaye ufumana unyango lwekhemikhali.

Izintuthwane zizinto ezinomdla kakhulu ekuboneni. Ezi zizinto zentlalo kunye neengqondo. Zineenketho zabo kunye nemithetho. Isicwangciso esiphezulu kakhulu kunye namaqhinga emfazwe. Kwaye ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ngokungafani noluntu, abayilandelanga imfashini, kodwa izithethe, ngoko ke ziyakwazi ukuphila izigidi ezininzi zeminyaka.